Do Zinc Supplementation and Physical Exercise Affect Height, H/A z-score, and Academic Performance of Stunted Children in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic?

BACKGROUND: Stunting in children remains to be a global issue that requires to be addressed. Zinc plays a role in stimulating children’s growth. Research on zinc supplementation and physical exercise in stunted children remains limited in number, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of zinc supplementation and physical exercise on height, H/A z-score, and academic performance of stunted children in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The design used in this study was a randomized pre-post test control group design. A total of 30 stunted children aged 8-12 years was divided into 2 groups. The treatment group received 5 ml of zinc syrup 3 times/week for 3 months and practiced physical exercise 3 times/week for 3 months. The control group only practiced physical exercise 3 times/week for 3 months. The analysis of change difference in average height, H/A z-score, and academic performance between the treatment and control groups was performed using independent t-test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the increase in average height between treatment and control groups (p>0.05). There was increase in the average z-score of H/A in treatment group (0.19) which was higher than in control group (0.14), but the result of independent t-test showed that the mean difference was not significant (p>0.05). The result of independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the change in average academic performance scores between treatment and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the increase in height, H/A z-score, and academic performance of stunted children between the treatment and control groups. Further study is necessary to conduct with a minimum of 6 months of intervention in the non-pandemic period.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH PELATIHAN 30 SECOND BOX DRILL DAN 60 SECOND BOX DRILL TERHADAP DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI

Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha ◽

10.23887/jiku.v7i1.4097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luh Mastia Andriani ◽

I Gst Lanang Agung Parwata ◽

Ni Luh Kadek Alit Arsani

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Training Group ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Explosive Power ◽

Jump Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leg Muscle ◽

And Control

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan 30 second box drill dan 60 second box drill terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi) dengan rancangan the non-randomized pretest posttest control groups design. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 orang. Daya ledak otot tungkai diukur dengan vertical jump test dan data dianalisis dengan uji-t independent, uji anava satu jalur dan uji least significant difference (LSD) pada taraf signifikansi (α) 0,05 dengan bantuan SPSS 16,0. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis antara gaint-score kelompok pelatihan 30 second box drill, 60 second box drill dan kelompok kontrol pada variable daya ledak otot tungkai, hasil analisis data menggunakan uji-t independent menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan 30 second box drill dan 30 second box drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dan 0,000 (SigKata Kunci : pelatihan 30 second box drill, pelatihan 60 seond box drill, daya ledak otot tungkai This study aimed to know the effect of 30 second box drill training and 60 second box drill training toward the increase of explosive power of leg muscle. This study is quasi experiment research with thenon-randomized pretest posttest control groups design. Subjects of this study were 30 people. The explosive power of leg muscle was measured by vertical jump test and analyzed by independent t-test, one lane anava test and test of least significant difference (LSD) in the significant standard (α) 0,05 by using SPSS 16,0. Based on the result of hypothesis between gaint-score on training group of 30 second box drill, 60 second box drill and control group on the variable of explosive power of leg muscle, result of analysis by using independent t-test showed that 30 second box drill training and 30 second box drill training influenced the explosion power of leg muscle in the significant value of 0,000 and 0,000 (Sigkeyword : 30 second box drill, 60 second box drill,explosive power

Download Full-text

Recycling Waste of Rice Husk to Improve Entrepreneurship Motivation

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v5i1.4767 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Fatwa Tentama ◽

Surahma Asti Mulasari ◽

Muchsin Maulana ◽

Rini Anggraeni

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

The farmers in Indonesia have not maximally taken advantage of the existence of rice husk; therefore the huge number of the husk becomes disturbing waste, which spoils environment. The waste of rice husk is potentially capable of improving the farmers’ economy amidst the people’s lack of knowledge about its potential to commercially produce charcoal briquettes from it, make it a plant growing medium, and change it into manure. This research aims at knowing if the training of recycling waste of rice husk can improve the farmers’ entrepreneurship motivation. The subjects of the research were farmers in groups at Bimomartani village, Ngemplak district, Sleman regency. They were 60 participants divided into experintal and control groups. The planned experiment used untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. The paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were used as the techniques of analysis in this research. The result of t-test on paired sample t-test for the experimental group resulted in the value of t = -6.659 with p = 0.000 (p<0.01), which means there was a significant difference of entrepreneurship motivation before and after the training of recycling rice husk. The analysis for Independent sample t-test resulted in the value of t = 7.411 with p = 0.000 (p<0.01), which means there was a significant difference of entrepreneurship motivation between experimental and control groups. It can be concluded that the training of recycling waste of rice husk was effective in improving the farmers’ entrepreneurship motivation.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Teaching Paragraph Writing in L1 on Iranian Adult EFL Learners’ Writing Ability

International Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.5296/ijl.v8i6.10285 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 214

Author(s):

Mohammad Daneshvari ◽

Mohammad Davoudi

Keyword(s):

First Language ◽

Text Structure ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Writing Ability ◽

Efl Learners ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Structure Knowledge ◽

And Control

Despite the importance of writing in ESL/EFL contexts, too many youngsters do not learn to write well enough to meet the demands of school or the workplace. The present study strives to probe into the effect of teaching paragraph writing styles in the first language on the wiring proficiency of Iranian EFL learners. To conduct the study, a quasi-experimental design was used. The participants of this study were 40 male and female language learners learning English as the foreign language at the Oxford language institute in Bojnourd in the Northern Khorasan province of Iran who were divided into experimental and control groups. There was no treatment for the control group, but the experimental group received the treatment in which four types of paragraphs-descriptive, explanatory, contrastive, comparative- were taught in participants' first language (Farsi). After the treatment, a simplified English proficiency test focusing mainly on English writing skill was used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. Independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the posttest of writing ability. As for the gender differences, the results of the independent sample t-test revealed that there is a statistical significant difference between writing proficiency of Iranian males and females EFL learners in terms of making use of first language text structure knowledge. The implications of the study are discussed.

Download Full-text

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-8692202228012021_0489 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

Xiaowei He

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Control Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Introduction: The mental health of college students is getting more and more attention from society. Physical exercise as a means of psychotherapy and mental health has become common at home and abroad. Objective: We explore the effect of prescribing physical exercise in the treatment of depression in college students. Methods: College students who had been diagnosed with depression were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each with 18 patients. The control group received drug treatment. The observation group received sports therapy in addition to drug therapy. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the observation and control groups in the first week (P<0.01). Conclusions: Exercise can play a role in treating depression patients rapidly, safely, and efficiently. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Download Full-text

Using Portfolio as an Alternative Assessment Tool to Enhance Thai EFL Students’ Writing skill

10.31235/osf.io/2stw3 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Arab World English Journal ◽

Rusma Kalra ◽

Chutamas Sundrarajun ◽

Hathaichanok Komintarachat

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Alternative Assessment ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Portfolio Assessment ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Writing Skill ◽

And Control

This present study investigates the effects of portfolios on the development of English as a foreign language ( EFL) learners’ writing skills. For the purpose of this study 56 senior Thai undergraduate students majoring in Business English at an International University in Thailand were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Each group, consists of 26 students, both of them were given pretest to ensure the same proficiency level. Throughout the eight weeks in which the experiment was carried, the experimental group was taught through portfolio assessment technique and the control group was taught using the conventional method. Besides, an independent sample t-test was carried out to see the significant differences between the two groups. In order to see the differences within each group, a paired sample t-test was applied. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups which signifies that those receiving the treatment, in this case, the portfolio based assessment, outperformed their control group counterpart in the area of writing skill.

Download Full-text

Recycling Waste of Rice Husk to Improve Entrepreneurship Motivation

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/.v5i1.4767 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Fatwa Tentama ◽

Surahma Asti Mulasari ◽

Muchsin Maulana ◽

Rini Anggraeni

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

THE 5E INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL: ITS EFFECT ON THE LEARNING OF ELECTRICITY AMONG MALAYSIAN STUDENTS

Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan ◽

10.21831/cp.v40i1.33415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 170-182

Author(s):

Eng Tek Ong ◽

Devi Govindasamy ◽

Charanjit Kaur Swaran Singh ◽

Md Nasir Ibrahim ◽

Norwaliza Abdul Wahab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Science Achievement ◽

Inquiry Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control ◽

Malaysian Students

The effectiveness of the 5E Inquiry Learning Model as compared to the teacher-centred traditional method on science achievement in electricity was examined in this study. The quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group research design was utilized. A total of 65 students (33 and 32 students in the experimental and the control groups, respectively) from two Year 5 intact classes in Malaysia participated in this study. A test comprising 54 dichotomously scored items with overall KR-20 reliability of 0.84 was used in the pretest and posttest. Given the significant difference in the pretest and posttest, it was presumed that the analysis could be done using the ANCOVA. However, on further analysis, the assumption for homogeneity of the regression slope was violated and ANCOVA could not be performed. Instead, the covariate was categorized into two equally-spaced categories (i.e., low and average achievers) and further t-test supported the equivalency of the experimental and control groups. When analyzed using the t-test, the two groups differed significantly in the posttest means across the two categories of students. These findings unequivocally indicate the effectiveness of employing the 5E Inquiry Learning Model in enhancing students’ science achievement among the low and average achieving students.

Download Full-text

Community Empowerment to Increase The Willingness to Quit Smoking in Home, Tokke and Tolada Village, North Luwu Regency, Indonesia

International Journal Papier Public Review ◽

10.47667/ijppr.v1i2.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Yuyun S ◽

Suriah Suriah ◽

Apik Indarty Moedjiono ◽

Muhammad Syafar ◽

Hasanuddin Ishak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Health Workers ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Smoking is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Secondhand smoke contributes to more than 7 million deaths per year. The tobacco atlas shows that 66% of men in Indonesia are smokers, this condition has the potential to increase the number of passive smoking in the home. This study aims to know the effect of community empowerment on to willingness quit smoking in the home before and after the intervention. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design on 40 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. This research was conducted in Tokke Village and Tolada Village, which are coastal areas and are two of the 14 villages in Malangke District, North Luwu Regency, Indonesia. The selection of the intervention and control groups was carried out using the simple random sampling method. This is because the two groups have the same characteristics. Based on this method, Tolada Village was made into an intervention group and Tokke Village was made a control group. To see the effect of community empowerment on community willingness, data were analyzed using an independent t-test and paired t-test. The results showed a significant difference in pre-post test willingness (p = 0.014) in the intervention group and willingness (p = 0.006) in the control group. However, the results of the independent-test showed no significant difference in willingness between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.471). This shows that community empowerment does not have a significant effect on people's willingness to stop smoking in the house. It is recommended that health workers carry out community empowerment that is tailored to the characteristics of the local community.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

10.24114/reg.v6i1.5371 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Narrative Text ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Writing Achievement ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Test ◽

Written Test ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

Download Full-text

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24191/jchs.v1i1.5850 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Nazli Zainuddin ◽

Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽

Rosdan Salim

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Side Effects ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Test Group ◽

Nasal Symptom ◽

Control Group ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Download Full-text