scholarly journals Plant invasions in riparian areas of the Middle Danube Basin in Serbia

NeoBiota ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Ana A. Anđelković ◽  
Danijela M. Pavlović ◽  
Dragana P. Marisavljević ◽  
Milica M. Živković ◽  
Maja Z. Novković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Danube Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Management Plans

Riparian areas experience strong invasion pressures worldwide and represent important points of spread for invasive alien plants (IAPs) in the European mainland. The Danube Basin is a well-known point of high plant invasion levels. Given that the middle part of the Danube Basin is critically understudied and the general lack of data for Serbia, the study aimed to provide an insight into the spatial patterns of plant invasions in the riparian areas of Serbia (Middle Danube Basin area). A total of 250 field sites, distributed along 39 rivers (nine catchment areas) and six canal sections, were studied during a four-year period (2013–2016) for the presence and abundance of IAPs. At the landscape scale, we studied distribution patterns of IAPs, differences in invasion levels in different catchment areas and between rivers and canals. At the local scale, we investigated how the proximity to roads/railway lines, housing areas, different land-use types (primarily agriculture), and dominant vegetation on site related to invasion patterns. Of the 26 studied IAPs, those with a well-known weedy behavior, long history of cultivation and strong affinity for riparian areas prevailed in the study area. Riparian zones of the Danube catchment exhibited the highest invasion levels in terms of IAPs richness and abundance, followed by the catchment areas of the Timok, Sava and Zapadna Morava rivers. Surprisingly, the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal network had the lowest invasion level. At the local scale, agriculture in proximity of the field site and dominant vegetation on site were observed as significant predictors of the invasion level. On the other hand, proximity to roads/railway lines and housing areas was not related to the invasion level. Finally, our study provides the first systematic overview of IAPs’ distribution data for riparian areas of the Middle Danube Basin in Serbia, which could provide a basis for long-term monitoring of IAPs and development of future management plans.

Groundwater protection and diffuse nitrogen emissions to surface waters – which catchment areas have to be considered?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
C. Schilling ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
A.P. Blaschke ◽  
D. Gutknecht ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Catchment Areas

Two Austrian case study regions within the Danube basin have been selected for detailed investigations of groundwater and surface water quality at the catchment scale. Water balance calculations have been performed using the conceptual continuous time SWAT 2000 model to characterise catchment hydrology and to identify individual runoff components contributing to river discharge. Nitrogen emission calculations have been performed using the empirical emission model MONERIS to relate individual runoff components to specific nitrogen emissions and for the quantification of total nitrogen emissions to surface waters. Calculated total nitrogen emissions to surface waters using the MONERIS model were significantly influenced by hydrological conditions. For both catchments the groundwater could be identified as major emission pathway of nitrogen emissions to the surface waters. Since most of the nitrogen is emitted by groundwater to the surface water, denitrification in groundwater is of considerable importance reducing nitrogen levels in groundwater along the flow path towards the surface water. An approach was adopted for the grid-oriented estimation of diffuse nitrogen emissions based on calculated groundwater residence time distributions. Denitrification in groundwater was considered using a half life time approach. It could be shown that more than 90% of the total diffuse nitrogen emissions were contributed by areas with low groundwater residence times and short distances to the surface water. Thus, managing diffuse nitrogen emissions the location of catchment areas has to be considered as well as hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, which significantly influence denitrification in the groundwater and reduce nitrogen levels in groundwater on the flow path towards the surface water.

scholarly journals Assessing Riparian Areas of Greece—An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
George N. Zaimes ◽  
Valasia Iakovoglou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Of Greece

Riparian areas, especially in the Mediterranean, offer many ecosystem services for the welfare of society benefits from their sustainable management. This study presents different tools used to assess riparian areas of Greece and their results. Riparian areas with different land-uses/vegetation covers along streams or torrents were assessed. The assessment tools were visual protocols, bioindicators, geographic information systems (GIS), vegetation indices, and a model. These tools differ in scale, accuracy, and difficulty of implementation. The riparian areas had Low and Moderate quality in Greece because of agricultural activities and hydrologic alterations. Vegetation appeared more important for the integrity of riparian areas than stream flow (perennial or intermittent). In addition, territorial variables (distance from dam and sea) were more influential compared to climatic variables. Visual protocols and GIS were effective for preliminary assessments. GIS can be applied at a greater scale but was less accurate than the protocols. Bioindicators can provide more cost-effective monitoring than physicochemical water variables. Finally, vegetation indices and models can be used for larger spatial and temporal scales, but require specialized personnel. Overall, riparian areas of Greece seem to be degraded, and monitoring would contribute to the development of a database on riparian areas that should form the basis for sustainable management plans in Greece.

scholarly journals Preventive maintenance pada mesin die casting dengan age replacement model untuk peningkatan reliabilitas mesin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andriani Andriani ◽  
Ikhsan Romli
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Replacement Model ◽  
Age Replacement

In an industry, the maintenance department plays a very important role in ensuring the smooth production process. The method of machine maintenance with preventive maintenance is a strategy that can be used to repair existing machines. This is related to proper and regular maintenance can improve engine performance and reduce the level of engine damage which will increase the continuity of production activities. In the die casting division of PT Astra Honda Motor in the observation on the die casting machine 07 there were 45 times damage to the ladle component and 11 times the damage to the auto spray component. These two components are critical components of the 07 die casting machine. After testing the compatibility index and the good compatibility of the damage time data and repair time data to obtain distribution data distribution patterns, obtain the tablespoon component MTTF assessment results of 107,833 hours and auto spray components amounting to 314,226 hours. Whereas the MTTR value of the spoon component is 0.385 hours and the auto spray component is 0.766 hours. The next step is to look for critical component replacement time intervals with the age replacement model, to further review whether it is related to increased reliability, decrease in total downtime, and cost savings before preventive maintenance is carried out and after preventive maintenance is carried out.

scholarly journals Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
Melika Tabasi ◽  
Ahmadreza Mehrabian ◽  
Sadaf Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Universal Transverse Mercator ◽  
Western Asia

Abstract Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value.

scholarly journals Altitudinal distribution, habitat use, and abundance of Grallaria antpittas in the Central Andes of Colombia

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. Kattan ◽  
J. William Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Early Regeneration

SummaryGrallaria antpittas are a group of little known birds from the understorey of humid forests of the tropical Andes, with several species having very narrow distributions. At Ucumari Regional Park, which protects the Otún River watershed in the Central Andes of Colombia, five species occur sympatrically at 2,400 m, including the recently rediscovered G. milleri, of which this is the only known population. We studied the patterns of altitudinal distribution, habitat use and abundance of the five species in the park. We found altitudinal segregation at a local scale, with two species, G. ruficapilla and G. squamigera, found at lower elevations (1,800–2,500 m) and two other species, G. nuchalis and G. rufocinerea, at higher elevations (2,400–3,000); G. milleri was recorded only in the 2,400–2,600 m range. The five species overlap in the range 2,400–2,600 m, where they occur in three habitats: early regeneration, overgrown alder plantations and 30-year-old forest. There were no differences in density among habitats for any species; the five species used the three habitats in proportion to their occurrence in the landscape. Grallaria milleri had the highest overall density (1.3 ind/ha) while G. squamigera had the lowest density (0.2 ind/ha), and the other three species were intermediate. We estimated 106 individuals of G. milleri in an area of 63 ha, and only seven individuals of G. squamigera. The Otún River watershed concentrates an unusual number of Grallaria antpittas, including three endemic species, and the information presented here is fundamental to any future habitat management plans to ensure the persistence of these populations.

Considering Urban Social Functions at Fine Spatial Resolution to Understand the Distribution of Invasive Plant Species in Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Deparis ◽  
Nicolas Legay ◽  
Francis Isselin-Nondedeu ◽  
Sébastien Bonthoux
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Urban Classification ◽  
Fine Spatial Resolution ◽  
Linear Elements

Abstract ContextCities are high sources of plant invasions. To understand mechanisms of introduction and dispersion of invasive alien species (IAS) in city, we need a thoroughly description of the social and structural components of urban landscapes. ObjectivesWe assessed the effects of neighborhood types and their associated human activities and structural linear elements on the distributions of IAS in a French medium city (Blois). We examined how the relative contributions of these variables varied between scales of analysis. MethodsWe recorded the presence of seven IAS species in the entire city (22 km²), at three spatial resolutions: 100×100m, 200×200m and 400×400m. We characterized neighborhoods through their main covers, human uses, and ages and structural elements through impervious soil, area of and distance to roads and railways.ResultsNeighborhood type was the most important variable in explaining IAS distributions. This variable was especially important at the finest scale which allowed a fine urban classification. B. davidii and B. aquifolium were found in individual residential neighborhoods, whereas R. pseudoacacia and A. altissima were most encountered in industrial areas. The effects of the structural elements differed between species and were lower. ConclusionsCharacterizing the high spatial and functional heterogeneity of urban landscapes at fine scale is critical to understand IAS distribution patterns. We show that considering human uses and planting practices is determinant to understand IAS introduction patterns. Then, linear transport corridors and ruderal conditions explain the dispersion and establishment of IAS across the city and potentially to the surrounding natural spaces.

scholarly journals In situ observations show vertical community structure of pelagic fauna in the eastern tropical North Atlantic off Cape Verde

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. T. Hoving ◽  
P. Neitzel ◽  
H. Hauss ◽  
S. Christiansen ◽  
R. Kiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Tropical North Atlantic ◽  
Minimum Zone

AbstractDistribution patterns of fragile gelatinous fauna in the open ocean remain scarcely documented. Using epi-and mesopelagic video transects in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, which features a mild but intensifying midwater oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), we established one of the first regional observations of diversity and abundance of large gelatinous zooplankton. We quantified the day and night vertical distribution of 46 taxa in relation to environmental conditions. While distribution may be driven by multiple factors, abundance peaks of individual taxa were observed in the OMZ core, both above and below the OMZ, only above, or only below the OMZ whereas some taxa did not have an obvious distribution pattern. In the eastern eropical North Atlantic, OMZ expansion in the course of global climate change may detrimentally impact taxa that avoid low oxygen concentrations (Beroe, doliolids), but favour taxa that occur in the OMZ (Lilyopsis, phaeodarians, Cydippida, Colobonema, Haliscera conica and Halitrephes) as their habitat volume might increase. While future efforts need to focus on physiology and taxonomy of pelagic fauna in the study region, our study presents biodiversity and distribution data for the regional epi- and mesopelagic zones of Cape Verde providing a regional baseline to monitor how climate change may impact the largest habitat on the planet, the deep pelagic realm.

DISPOSABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF RIVER BASINS IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Andrzej SADURSKI ◽  
Elzbieta Przytuła
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The term groundwater resources was introduced to hydrogeology from economic geology similarly to the resources of ore bodies almost a hundred years ago. It has been used for the need of physical planning, investment in new water intakes, and water management. Discussion on the groundwater resources started in the past after implementation of new methods of their evaluation, e.g. analytical approaches, and physical and then numerical modelling techniques. The ecological aspects of water demand, indicated in the Water Framework Directive, oblige the EU countries to introduce a new idea for the estimation of groundwater resources. This idea is also presented in the water management plans for river catchment areas. Distribution of available groundwater resources in the country and comparison with the groundwater exploitation is the background of proper, sustainable management of its resources. Available groundwater resources of the country, understood as a total amount of disposable and prospective groundwater resources, is 36.4 million m3/day (as of December 31, 2015), including 21.4 million m3/day of disposable resources, and 15 million m3/day of estimated prospective resources.

Vertical distribution pattern of naidids in granular activated carbon filters and potential technology to control their penetration risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1976-1983
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bao Nie ◽  
Yun-Zi Tang ◽  
Chang-bo Jiang ◽  
Yuan-Nan Long ◽  
Pan-Pan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Vertical Distribution Pattern ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract Aquatic worms propagated in granular activated carbon (GAC) filter has become a troublesome problem for drinking water supply. This study investigated the vertical distribution patterns of naidids in GAC filter beds and assessed the effect of an additional sand bed, located below the GAC bed, in preventing naidids from being present in effluent. The results indicated that the vertical distribution data of naidids in the GAC filter bed were well fitted by a Gaussian distribution, and the location of peak population density was mainly affected by downward flow. Backwashing experiments revealed that additional pressure air scouring shifted the distribution pattern of naidids in the GAC filter bed, resulting in a significant enhancement in naidid removal efficiency. Additionally, the addition of a sand bed exhibited pronounced interception and inactivation effects on naidids, suggesting that it may be a very promising technology for preventing naidids propagated in GAC filters from being present in the effluent.

Cost comparison of wastewater treatment in Danubian countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Zessner ◽  
Christoph Lampert ◽  
H. Kroiss ◽  
S. Lindtner
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Danube Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas

This paper investigates the costs of wastewater treatment (including sludge management) within the Danube catchment countries A, CZ, SK, HU, SL, RO, BG and UA. TK is considered as well. Additionally, the paper compares the total costs of wastewater management (including sewerage) with the incomes in the different countries. The annual costs of wastewater treatment in Austria are about 30 €/p.e. y for large plants with nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In low income countries of the Danube and Black Sea catchment areas they are at a maximum 30% lower than in Austria. However, the incomes in countries like Bulgaria, Romania or Ukraine are 85% to 90% lower. The total annual costs for wastewater management (sewer development plus treatment) amount at least to 90€/p.e. y. Considering the level of income in those countries, financing of wastewater management completely by charges of the population equivalents connected is not feasible. Therefore other approaches for financing wastewater treatment are required.

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