Pathways of Microvascular Permeability in the Synovium of Normal and Diseased Human Knees

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2635-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. SIMKIN ◽  
JOHN E. BASSETT
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Normal Flow ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pore Model ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Molecular Radius

Objective.Our study uses the entire proteomes of serum and synovial fluid (SF) to characterize the avenues of microvascular egress of plasma proteins, and quantifies that traffic in normal and diseased human knees.Methods.Paired aliquots of serum and SF were collected from 17 knees of 11 subjects who died without evident joint disease and 16 patients with clinical effusions, fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and analyzed as continuous plots of the SF/serum concentration ratio versus molecular radius from 1 to 12 nanometers (nm). Curve-stripping methodology, a 3-pore model, and known protein kinetics were then applied to estimate the dimensions of and the net outflow through fenestral, “small,” and “large” apertures in the microvascular endothelium.Results.The 3-pore model correlated highly with the observed data (r = 0.992 in normal and 0.980 in arthritis), yielding the following mean values: for the fenestra, the normal radius (nm) was 1.75 and the effused 3.5, and the normal flow (μl/min) was 1.74 and the arthritic 22.0; for the small pore, the normal radius was 8.6 and the effused 8.5, and the normal flow was 1.5 and the arthritic flow 9.1; for the large pore, the normal radius was 40 and the effused 36, and the normal flow was 0.24 and the arthritic flow 15.5.Conclusion.These findings provide the first functional definition of synovial, endothelial fenestrae; reveal that the “increased vascular permeability” of inflammation is not limited to interendothelial gaps; present evidence suggesting that glycocalyceal damage and aquaporin upregulation may affect permeability in arthritic synovium; and define a straightforward methodology for interpretation of biomarker concentrations in arthritic SF.

scholarly journals Some Physiological Factors Affecting the Binding of Cortisol by Human Plasma Proteins

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Few ◽  
J. R. Haspineall
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
The Mean

Steady-state gel filtration has been used to study the binding of cortisol to human plasma proteins in vitro. Raising the temperature from 37°C to 41°C results in the mean proportion of free (non-protein-bound) cortisol rising approximately from 7% to 11%. Addition of cortisol to plasma ≡ 275 nmol/l) also increased the proportion of free cortisol by approximately 50%. Cortisone is less strongly bound to plasma proteins than cortisol. The mean values (±S.D.) for five samples were free cortisol 8.4 ± 1.1% and free cortisone 26.0±3.8%.

Purification of the Antihemophilic Factor by Gel Filtration on Agarose

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.P Paulssen ◽  
A.C.M.G.B Wouterlood ◽  
H.L.M.A Scheffers
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Large Scale Preparation ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

SummaryFactor VIII can be isolated from plasma proteins, including fibrinogen by chromatography on agarose. The best results were obtained with Sepharose 6B. Large scale preparation is also possible when cryoprecipitate is separated by chromatography. In most fractions containing factor VIII a turbidity is observed which may be due to the presence of chylomicrons.The purified factor VIII was active in vivo as well as in vitro.

Antiheparin Activity of Human Serum and Platelet Factor 4

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 093-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H.J Sear ◽  
L Poller ◽  
F.R.C Path
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Antiheparin Activity

SummaryThe antiheparin activity of normal serum has been studied by comparing the antiheparin activities of sera obtained from normal whole blood, platelet-rich plasma and platelet-’free’ plasma with a purified platelet extract during differential isoelectric precipitation and by gel filtration chromatography.The mean values for the activity of PRP-serum and PFP-serum were 106% (S.D. 11) and 10% (S.D. 3) of untreated whole blood respectively. The activity of whole blood serum, PRP serum and whole blood serum plus platelet extract precipitated under identical physical conditions, i.e. pH 7.0, I =0.008, indicating that the activities of the three samples are probably associated with PF4. PF4 precipitated from human platelet extract at pH 4.0, but this is probably due to the difference in the two biochemical environments investigated, i.e. serum and platelet extract.The gel filtration experiments revealed striking similarities between the major antiheparin activities of serum and platelet extract. At physiological pH and ionic strength both activities were associated with high molecular weight material, but at physiological pH and elevated ionic strength both activities behaved as much smaller entities of molecular weight between 25,000 and 30,000 daltons and it seems very likely that both activities are associated with the same molecule, i.e. PF4.

Soluble Fibrin Complexes and Fibrinogen Heterogeneity in Diabetes mellitus

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
E B Tsianos ◽  
N E Stathakis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Lower Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

SummaryThe presence of soluble fibrin complexes (SFC) measured by gel filtration of plasma on 4% agarose columns, fibrinogen heterogeneity on 3.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and the concentrations of several plasma proteins were evaluated in 39 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 19 matched control subjects. A small but significant increase of SFC was found in DM (p<0.01). On individual basis 51.2% of the patients had increased SFC (>M + 2 SD of the controls). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the SFC showed no evidence of cross-linking or proteolysis. Plasma clots formed in the presence of EDTA and trasylol were analysed in SDS-polyacrylamide gels in a normal and two lower molecular weight fibrin bands (band I, II, III). The percentage of band I fibrinogen was in diabetics (65.3 ± 4.7%) lower than that of the controls (71.8 ± 4.5%) (p < 0.01). Fibrinogen levels, antithrombin III, α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin and plasminogen were significantly increased in DM. We suggest that in DM there is an enhancement of intravascular fibrin formation and accelerated fibrinogen degradation to lower molecular weight forms.

HELIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Snezhina Georgieva ◽  
Dilyana Zvezdova
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
Pigment Type ◽  
Definition Of

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis vulgaris, with routinely negative rheumatoid factors and the absence of rheumatoid nodules. This is an immune-mediated disease, according to generally accepted definition of Wright and Moll from 1973. American Association against Rheumatism classified psoriatic arthritis as an independent disease in 1964. Psoriatic arthritis is a single disease with a varied clinical picture. It belongs to the group of seronegative spondyloarthropathies with which there are general clinical features. It is believed that similar mechanisms determine the onset of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The clinical picture includes various clinical forms that damage the peripheral and sacroiliac joints, spine, internal organs. The treatment of psoriatic arthritis is directed simultaneously to the influence of skin and joint changes. Purpose: Our study aims to summarize our long-standing experience in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis with heliotherapy. Subject of observation: Monitoring includes 132 patients with moderate and severe form of psoriasis treated at the sanatorium in town of Pomorie for 5 years in the period 2001-2006. Results and discussion: 132 patients with psoriasis with no effect on the local therapy and have proven psoriatic arthritis were selected. In our climatic conditions, heliotherapy is appointed during the warm half-year. Sun treatment was conducted under the conditions of a healing beach, which had shielding, radiation-protective devices. In patients with erythema - pigment and pigment type skin reactivity begins with 1-2 bioadoses reached to 8-10 biodoses, carried out in the area of overcomfort. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated that heliotherapy combined with medications significantly improves the prognosis of patients with this disease. The ultimate success would mean overcoming the frequent depression conditions, better survival and social comfort for patients with psoriatic arthritis.

scholarly journals Surface and Underground Geomechanical Characterization of an Area Affected by Instability Phenomena in Zaruma Mining Zone (Ecuador)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Paúl Carrión-Mero ◽  
Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar ◽  
Fernando Morante-Carballo ◽  
María José Domínguez-Cuesta ◽  
Cristhian Sánchez-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Action Measures ◽  
Geomechanical Characterization ◽  
The City

In the last decade, in the mining district of Zaruma-Portovelo, there has been significant land subsidence related to uncontrolled mining activity. The purpose of this work was to carry out a surface and underground geomechanical characterization of a mining sector north of the city of Zaruma that allows the definition of potentially unstable areas susceptible to the mass movement. The methodology used consists of the following stages: (i) compilation of previous studies; (ii) surface and underground characterization of rocky material to establish its susceptibility to mass movement; (iii) interpretation of results; and (iv) proposal of action measures. Among the most relevant results, it stands out that 26.1% of the 23 stations characterized on the surface present conditions that vary from potentially unstable to unstable. In underground galleries, the studied mean values of the 17 stations indicate that the rock has a medium to good quality, representing a medium susceptibility to gallery destabilization. The results obtained for the surface areas (depths up to 50 m, where altered materials predominate) and the underground areas (depths > 50 m, where the alterations are specific) can be used to identify the areas with a more significant potential for instability. For both cases, it has been possible to define specific monitoring, control, and planning actions for sensitive areas.

scholarly journals A numerical fit of analytical to simulated density profiles in dark matter haloes

2005 ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caimmi ◽  
C. Marmo ◽  
T. Valentinuzzi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Open Question

Analytical and geometrical properties of generalized power-law (GPL) density profiles are investigated in detail. In particular, a one-to-one correspondence is found between mathematical parameters (a scaling radius, r0, a scaling density, ?0, and three exponents, ?, ?, ?), and geometrical parameters (the coordinates of the intersection of the asymptotes, xC, yC, and three vertical intercepts, b, b?, b?, related to the curve and the asymptotes, respectively): (r0,?0,?,?,?) ? (xC,yC,b,b?,b?). Then GPL density profiles are compared with simulated dark haloes (SDH) density profiles, and nonlinear least-absolute values and least-squares fits involving the above mentioned five parameters (RFSM5 method) are prescribed. More specifically, the sum of absolute values or squares of absolute logarithmic residuals, Ri=log?SDH(ri) ? log?GPL(ri), is evaluated on 10 points making a 5dimension hypergrid, through a few iterations. The size is progressively reduced around a fiducial minimum, and superpositions on nodes of earlier hypergrids are avoided. An application is made to a sample of 17 SDHs on the scale of cluster of galaxies, within a flat ?CDM cosmological model (Rasia et al. 2004). In dealing with the mean SDH density profile, a virial radius, Rvir, averaged over the whole sample, is assigned, which allows the calculation of the remaining parameters. Using a RFSM5 method provides a better fit with respect to other methods. The geometrical parameters, averaged over the whole sample of best fitting GPL density profiles, yield (?, ?, ?) ? (0.6,3.1,1.0), to be compared with (?, ?, ?) = (1,3,1), i.e. the NFW density profile (Navarro et al. 1995, 1996, 1997), (?, ?, ?) = (1.5,3, 1.5) (Moore et al. 1998, 1999), (?, ?, ?) = (1,2.5,1) (Rasia et al. 2004); and, in addition, ? ? 1.5 (Hiotelis 2003), deduced from the application of a RFSM5 method, but using a different definition of scaled radius, or concentration; and ? ? 1.21.3 deduced from more recent high-resolution simulations (Diemand et al. 2004, Reed et al. 2005). No evident correlation is found between SDH dynamical state (relaxed or merging) and asymptotic inner slope of the fitting logarithmic density profile or (for SDH comparable virial masses) scaled radius. Mean values and standard deviations of some parameters are calculated, and in particular the decimal logarithm of the scaled radius, ?vir, reads < log?vir >= 0.74 and ?slog?vir = 0.150.17, consistent with previous results related to NFW density profiles. It provides additional support to the idea, that NFW density profiles may be considered as a convenient way to parametrize SDH density profiles, without implying that it necessarily produces the best possible fit (Bullock et al. 2001). A certain degree of degeneracy is found in fitting GPL to SDH density profiles. If it is intrinsic to the RFSM5 method or it could be reduced by the next generation of high-resolution simulations, still remains an open question. .

scholarly journals The early changes in retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations in plasma of protein–energy malnourished children after treatment with retinol and an improved diet

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Large ◽  
G. Neal ◽  
J. Glover ◽  
O. Thanangkul ◽  
R. E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

1. Changes in total retinol-binding protein (RBP), the holoprotein (holoRBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations have been monitored in plasma of thirty protein- and vitamin A-deficient preschool children from within a few hours up to 7 weeks after treatment with retinol and a good-quality protein diet.2. The children were classified into groups according to nutritional status as having either kwashiorkor, marasmus-kwashiorkor or marasmus, and given formula diets whose protein and energy contents increased stepwise from 1 g and 105 kJ/kg body-weight respectively up to 4 g and 733 kJ/kg body-weight after 4 weeks. Retinol was administered in the forms of retinyl palmitate either orally or intramuscularly.3. PA and total RBP were determined by electroimmunoassay procedures and the holoRBP by its fluorescence after separation from other plasma proteins.4. RBP in plasma of the vitamin A-deficient child is largely denatured and incapable of binding administered retinol, which must first be taken up by the liver before native holoRBP is released. An increased pool of native apoprotein accumulates in the liver during vitamin A deficiency which is released into plasma quickly after retinol uptake to form peak concentrations of total and holoRBP approximately 3 h after dosing intramuscularly and 6 h orally.5. The accumulated pool of RBP was highest in livers from the marasmus group and lowest in those from the kwashiorkor group, reflecting their relative capacities to synthesize plasma proteins.6. The mean plasma concentrations of total and holoRBP for the various groups were minimal 24–48 h after dosing with retinol and then improved almost linearly over the following week.7. Mean plasma PA concentrations of the various groups on admission were also in order of the severity of their malnutrition. There was little or no change in this protein concentration over the first 24 h after dosing with retinol, but thereafter the mean values rose almost linearly over 2 weeks. Albumin on the other hand changed little during the first week. The results show that PA is the more sensitive measurement of protein nutritional status.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Health Status in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Their Doctors

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Kremenchutzky ◽  
Len Walt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective:To compare neurologist and patient perceptions of multiple sclerosis (MS)-related health status.Methods:MS patients (n=99) were recruited from six sites in Canada. Following a consultation with their neurologist, patients estimated their relapse frequency, rated their general health and quality of life (QoL), reviewed descriptions of eight health domains and selected the three most important, and completed a utility assessment using the standard gamble (SG). Concurrently, neurologists independently used the same instruments to rate their patients' health status. Assessments were compared on the basis of paired mean values of both groups and the degree of exact agreement quantified by intraclass coefficient (ICC) and kappa analyses, which yield values of 1.0 with 100% agreement.Results:There were significant differences (p<0.001) between patient and neurologist ratings for relapses in the last year (0.86 vs. 0.4, respectively), QoL (61.2 vs. 69.7 (maximum score = 100) and utility (0.864 vs. 0.971); ICC analysis revealed moderate to poor levels of agreement (0.56 for QoL to 0.03 for SG). There was little concordance in identification of important health domain and the only significant associations were in bodily pain and social functioning (kappa statistic = 0.24, p = 0.026 for both). Neurologists identified physical functioning domains as important, while patients placed more emphasis on mental health domains.Conclusions:Discrepancies between neurologist and patient perceptions of MS were observed. The study identifies a need to educate neurologists on the recognition of MS health domains that are important in the definition of patient QoL.

scholarly journals Development of psychological culture as a condition for effective personal self-actualization

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Galina Veniaminovna Sorokoumova ◽  
Tatiana Evgenevna Egorova ◽  
Olga Alekseevna Kostina ◽  
Svetlana Alekseevna Tikhonina ◽  
Grigorii Aleksandrovich Nikonov
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Formative Stage ◽  
Sound Therapy ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Culture Development

The article examines the problem of personal self-actualization through the lens of psychological culture, approaches to the definition of psychological culture are presented, and the struсture of psychological culture and ways of its development are considered. The article reviews the methods that go beyond the activities of educational institutions: volunteer work, social and psychological training, methods of expressive psychotherapy (art therapy, movement and dance therapy, music therapy, and neuroacoustics – sound therapy), etc. Based on the ecopsychological approach, psychological culture is suggested to be defined as a set of actions to create optimal internal conditions for the development and self-modification of the personality, to cultivate a subject of activity capable of taking action, coordinating its activity with the natural, social, spiritual. and moral (value and meaning) foundations of interaction with the surrounding world and oneself. The article analyses the results of the study of the effect of psychological culture on the development of self-actualization of teachers in refresher courses. At the ascertaining and control stages, the level of self-actualization of teachers in the control and experimental groups was assessed using the Self-Actualization Test (SAT). At the formative stage, teachers of the experimental group participated in a program for the development of psychological culture. The ecopsychological approach with principles developed on its basis and the stage-by-stage nature of the development of new mental functions serves as a basis for constructing the technology for implementing the program for the development of psychological culture in specialists. The reliability of the test results and differences in the mean values are assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The formative program shows the effective influence of psychological culture development on personal self-actualization.

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