scholarly journals Imaging as an Outcome Measure in Gout Studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grainger ◽  
Nicola Dalbeth ◽  
Helen Keen ◽  
Laura Durcan ◽  
N. Lawrence Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Structural Joint ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective.The gout working group at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in 2014 aimed to determine which imaging modalities show the most promise for use as measurement instruments for outcomes in studies of people with chronic gout and to identify the key foci for future research about the performance of these imaging techniques with respect to the OMERACT filter 2.0.Methods.During the gout session, a systematic literature review of the data addressing imaging modalities including plain radiography (XR), conventional computed tomography (CT), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) and the fulfillment of the OMERACT filter 2.0 was presented.Results.The working group identified 3 relevant domains for imaging in gout studies: urate deposition (tophus burden), joint inflammation, and structural joint damage.Conclusion.The working group prioritized gaps in the data and identified a research agenda.

scholarly journals Strategies for Site-Specific Radiolabeling of Peptides and Proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Dijkgraaf ◽  
Stijn M. Agten ◽  
Matthias Bauwens ◽  
Tilman M. Hackeng
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Anatomical Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Although anatomical imaging modalities (X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) still have a higher spatial resolution (0.1–1 mm) than molecular imaging modalities (single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), optical imaging (OI)), the advantage of molecular imaging is that it can detect molecular and cellular changes at the onset of a disease before it leads to morphological tissue changes, which can be detected by anatomical imaging. During the last decades, noninvasive diagnostic imaging has encountered a rapid growth due to the development of dedicated imaging equipment for preclinical animal studies. In addition, the introduction of multimodality imaging (PET/CT, SPECT/CT, PET/MRI) which combines high-resolution conventional anatomical imaging with high sensitivity of tracer-based molecular imaging techniques has led to successful accomplishments in this exciting field. In this book chapter, we will focus on chemical synthesis techniques for site-specific incorporation of radionuclide chelators. Subsequently, radiolabeling based on complexation of a radionuclide with a chelator will be discussed, with focus on: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA), hexa-histidine (His-tag), and 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) that allow the production of peptides labeled with 18F, 68Ga, 99mTc, and 111In – the currently most widely used isotopes.

Multiple Sclerosis: MRI and Other Imaging Approaches in MS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Absinta ◽  
Daniel S. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Multiple Time Points

Aside from its paramount diagnostic role, imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide unparalleled insights into multiple sclerosis (MS) by assessing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the associated inflammation and neurodegeneration. This dynamical view, predicated on interrogation of individuals with MS at multiple time points, is impossible with pathology. The chapter approaches MRI in MS from this perspective, describing features related to lesion development and location, as well as assessment of global and regional damage. It summarizes current knowledge, addresses the limitations of that knowledge, and suggests ways in which imaging can advance future research.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Investigation of Renal Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

This review explores the classification and evaluation of suspicious renal lesions across several radiologic imaging modalities. Diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are the primary modalities used to investigate questionable lesions found within the kidneys. Renal masses may range from completely benign to malignant. They are classified based on many different features and characteristics. These lesions may be simple cystic, complex cystic, or solid in nature. Masses may also exhibit varying degrees of vascularity, septations, and calcifications. The discussed imaging modalities have varying strengths, limitations, and implications for use. Imaging techniques may be used independently or in conjunction to best diagnose and treat a patient with a suspicious renal mass. The aim of this review was to describe the diagnostic value of the imaging modalities (DMS, CT, MRI, and CEUS) and their role in the evaluation of suspicious renal lesions.

Cat Brain Neuroanatomy using Cryosectioning, Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography Imaging Modalities

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities are invaluable for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. This study aimed to correlate the anatomical sectional data of the cats’ brain to the sections obtained by both MRI and CT examination. The present work was conducted on four cats, 1-4 years old, weighing about (2.5 to 3.5) kg admitted to the hospital with terminal diseases not related to the nervous system. The anatomical sections were taken at intervals of 5 mm, on different planes such as sagittal, frontal and transverse. The sections were obtained, following humane euthanasia, from frozen heads and identified according to the previous literatures. The images from both MRI and CT were compared with those of the gross anatomy sections and different structures were identified. To identify arterial distribution in the brain, one cat was injected with red latex through the common carotid artery, frozen, and sectioned. For vascular imaging, the same cat was examined by MRI after intravenous injection of contrast media. The descriptions of the brain anatomy from the MRI and CT images will act as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of different neurological diseases in cat. This will assist veterinarians and radiologists in the identification of various nervous lesions related to the brain.

Imaging Advances of the Cardiopulmonary System

2011 ◽  
pp. 2183-2190
Author(s):  
Holly Llobet ◽  
Paul Llobet ◽  
Michelle LaBrunda
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

A technological explosion has been revolutionizing imaging technology of the heart and lungs over the last decade. These advances have been transforming the health care industry, both preventative and acute care medicine. Ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are examples of radiological techniques which have allowed for more accurate diagnosis and staging (determination of severity of disease). The most notable advances have occurred in CT and MRI. Most medical subspecialties rely on CT and MRI as the dominant diagnostic tools an exception being cardiology. CT and MRI are able to provide a detailed image of any organ or tissue in the body without the necessity of invasive or painful procedures. Virtually any individual could be tested as long as they are able to remain immobile for the duration of the study. Image generation traditionally has been limited by the perpetual motion of the human body. For example, the human heart is continually contracting and relaxing without a stationary moment during which an image could be obtained. Lung imaging has been more successful than cardiac imaging, but studies were limited to the length of time an ill person is able to hold his or her breath. Historically, imaging technology was limited by inability to take a picture fast enough of a moving object while maintaining a clinically useful level of resolution. Recent technologic innovation, resulting in high speed electrocardiogram- gated CT and MRI imaging, now allows the use of these imaging modalities for evaluation of the heart and lungs. These novel innovations provide clinicians with new tools for diagnosis and treatment of disease, but there are still unresolved issues, most notably radiation exposure. Ultrasound and MRI studies are the safest of the imaging modalities and subjects receive no radiation exposure. Nuclear studies give an approximate radiation dose of 10mSv and as high as 27mSv (Conti, 2005). In CT imaging, radiation dose can vary depending on the organ system being imaged and the type of scanner being used. The average radiation dose for pulmonary studies is 4.2mSv (Conti, 2005). The use of multi-detector CT (MDCT) to evaluate the heart can range from 6.7—13mSv. To put it into perspective, according to the National Institute of Health, an average individual will receive a radiation dose of 360mSv per year from the ambient environment. It is unlikely that the radiation doses received in routine imaging techniques will lead to adverse reactions such as cancer, but patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of each procedure so that they can make informed decisions. It is especially important that patients be informed when radioactive material is to be injected into their bodies. The reasons for this will be discussed later on in the chapter.

scholarly journals Preliminary Definitions for Sacroiliac Joint Pathologies in the OMERACT Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (OMERACT JAMRIS-SIJ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1192-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarimobo M. Otobo ◽  
Philip G. Conaghan ◽  
Walter P. Maksymowych ◽  
Desiree van der Heijde ◽  
Pamela Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Structural Joint ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective.To develop definitions for the assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathologies of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Methods.An Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) consensus-driven methodology consisting of iterative surveys and focus group meetings within an international group of rheumatologists and radiologists.Results.Two domains, inflammation and structural, were identified. Definitions for bone marrow edema, joint space inflammation, capsulitis, and enthesitis were derived for joint inflammation; sclerosis, erosion, fatty lesion, and ankylosis were defined for assessing structural joint changes.Conclusion.Preliminary consensus-driven definitions for inflammation and structural elements have been derived, underpinning the ongoing development of the OMERACT Juvenile Arthritis MRI SIJ scoring system (OMERACT JAMRIS-SIJ).

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Meningioma in Clinical Practice

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frederick Cornelius ◽  
Karl Josef Langen ◽  
Gabriele Stoffels ◽  
Daniel Hänggi ◽  
Michael Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Meningiomas represent about 20% of intracranial tumors and are the most frequent nonglial primary brain tumors. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mainstays of therapy are surgery and radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is tested in clinical trials of phase II. Patients are followed clinically by imaging. However, classical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI have limitations. Hence, we need supplementary imaging tools. Molecular imaging modalities, especially positron emission tomography (PET), represent promising new instruments that are able to characterize specific metabolic features. So far, these modalities have only been part of limited study protocols, and their impact on clinical routine management is still under investigation. It may be expected that their extended use will provide new aspects about meningioma imaging and biology. In the present article, we summarize PET imaging for meningiomas based on a thorough review of the literature. We discuss and illustrate the potential role of PET imaging in the clinical management of meningiomas. Finally, we indicate current limitations and outline directions for future research.

scholarly journals Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis: A Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Andrea Cimini ◽  
Maria Ricci ◽  
Paola Elda Gigliotti ◽  
Luca Pugliese ◽  
Agostino Chiaravalloti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases and it is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Clinical and laboratory data are fundamental for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, but diagnostic imaging techniques such as x-rays, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may be helpful in the evaluation of disease severity and complications. In this context, the aim of this review is to explore the actual role of diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, underlining advantages and drawbacks providing information about the utilization of diagnostic imaging techniques in this context. Furthermore, we aim to provide a useful guide regarding imaging features of schistosomiasis for radiology and nuclear medicine physicians of non-endemic countries: in fact, in the last years non-endemic countries have experienced important flows of migrants from endemic areas, therefore it is not uncommon to face cases of this disease in daily practice.

scholarly journals Imaging Modalities in Gynecology

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raydeen M Busse
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Imaging Procedures ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Although ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for most gynecologic diagnoses and conditions, knowledge of other diagnostic imaging procedures is important to gynecologists, emergency room physicians and radiologists who care for women of all ages. Since the early 1960s when ultrasound was introduced for the use in obstetrics and gynecology, other imaging techniques have rapidly come into play due to the tremendous advances in computer technology and in the field of engineering. It behooves us to become familiar and knowledgeable about the differences in these imaging techniques in order to gather the most information in the shortest amount of time to care for patients in the most efficient and cost-effective way. This review is meant for the use of most practicing physicians that are exposed to common as well as uncommon gynecologic conditions; therefore the primary imaging modalities discussed in this paper are limited to ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objectives Understanding of the strengths and limitations of ultrasound, MRI and CT Obtaining knowledge of when to apply the most appropriate imaging technique for a certain clinical situations

Imaging Advances of the Cardiopulmonary System

2011 ◽  
pp. 1824-1829
Author(s):  
Holly Llobet ◽  
Paul Llobet ◽  
Michelle LaBrunda
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

A technological explosion has been revolutionizing imaging technology of the heart and lungs over the last decade. These advances have been transforming the health care industry, both preventative and acute care medicine. Ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are examples of radiological techniques which have allowed for more accurate diagnosis and staging (determination of severity of disease). The most notable advances have occurred in CT and MRI. Most medical subspecialties rely on CT and MRI as the dominant diagnostic tools an exception being cardiology. CT and MRI are able to provide a detailed image of any organ or tissue in the body without the necessity of invasive or painful procedures. Virtually any individual could be tested as long as they are able to remain immobile for the duration of the study. Image generation traditionally has been limited by the perpetual motion of the human body. For example, the human heart is continually contracting and relaxing without a stationary moment during which an image could be obtained. Lung imaging has been more successful than cardiac imaging, but studies were limited to the length of time an ill person is able to hold his or her breath. Historically, imaging technology was limited by inability to take a picture fast enough of a moving object while maintaining a clinically useful level of resolution. Recent technologic innovation, resulting in high speed electrocardiogram- gated CT and MRI imaging, now allows the use of these imaging modalities for evaluation of the heart and lungs. These novel innovations provide clinicians with new tools for diagnosis and treatment of disease, but there are still unresolved issues, most notably radiation exposure. Ultrasound and MRI studies are the safest of the imaging modalities and subjects receive no radiation exposure. Nuclear studies give an approximate radiation dose of 10mSv and as high as 27mSv (Conti, 2005). In CT imaging, radiation dose can vary depending on the organ system being imaged and the type of scanner being used. The average radiation dose for pulmonary studies is 4.2mSv (Conti, 2005). The use of multi-detector CT (MDCT) to evaluate the heart can range from 6.7—13mSv. To put it into perspective, according to the National Institute of Health, an average individual will receive a radiation dose of 360mSv per year from the ambient environment. It is unlikely that the radiation doses received in routine imaging techniques will lead to adverse reactions such as cancer, but patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of each procedure so that they can make informed decisions. It is especially important that patients be informed when radioactive material is to be injected into their bodies. The reasons for this will be discussed later on in the chapter.

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