Exposure of laying hens to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Rossi ◽  
C.R. Takabayashi ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
J.G. Bordini ◽  
E.N. Itano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hygienic Quality ◽  
Adverse Effect Level

The objective of the present study was to assess the degree of exposure of laying hens to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed and the hygienic quality of feeds. For this purpose, the natural mycoflora and the occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins were evaluated in 95 feed samples intended for laying hens collected from January to December 2010 at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Londrina, Northern Paraná State, Brazil. Fusarium was the prevalent genus (99%), followed by Aspergillus (89%). Fusarium spp. were detected at a low contamination level (<103 to <104 colony forming units (cfu)/g) in 54% of the samples. Aspergillus spp. were detected in 73% of the samples at the same contamination range. The total mould and yeast count ranged from 5.0×102 to 8.7×105 cfu/g; in 60% of the samples the values exceeded 1.0×104 cfu/g, the maximum limit established to ensure good hygienic quality of the product. Aflatoxins and fumonisins were detected in 69.7 and 89.5% of the samples, with mean values of 9.61 ng/g and 1.28 µg/g, respectively. The estimated daily intake of fumonisin B1 for laying hens (0.038 mg/kg body weight/day) was below the lowest observed adverse effect level (2 mg/kg body weight/ day). Regarding aflatoxins, most of the positive samples (85.1%) showed aflatoxin levels below the maximum level laid down by the European Commission. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring of mycotoxin levels in laying hen feed is essential to minimize threats to human and animal health. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the degree of exposure of laying hens to mycotoxins through naturally contaminated feed in Brazil.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Mineral-Microbial Preparation on Ammonia Concentration and Productivity in Laying Hens Houses

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Gałęcki ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
Tadeusz Bakuła ◽  
Kazimierz Obremski ◽  
Adriana Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the biopreparation Deodoric® on ammonia (NH3) concentration, performance, and hygiene standards in laying hen (ROSS-308) production. Statistically significant differences in NH3 concentration and the body weight of laying hens were observed between the control group (C) and the experimental group (E) where Deodoric® was applied at the set dose. In the control group, an increase in NH3 concentration could have contributed to the decrease in the body weight of laying hens, egg production, and % hen day egg production, whereas no such correlations were observed in the experimental group. A moderate linear correlation between NH3 concentration vs. humidity (r = 0.68), air flow (r = 0.48) and weakly linear correlation between NH3 concentration and age of birds (r = 0.27) was noted in group C. In group E, NH3 concentration vs. temperature (r = 0.27) and humidity (r = 0.14) were weakly correlated. Statistical analysis of changes in the microbial counts isolated from manure revealed a significant decrease of mesophilic microorganisms on day 28 decrease of Campylobacter spp. days 14 and 84 in group E. However, for the entire experimental model no statistically significant changes in the number of Campylobacter spp. and mesophilic bacteria were found. The tested preparation did not cause changes in the microbial composition of tissue swabs. Deodoric® contributes to animal welfare by reducing the ammonia concentrations in poultry houses. It is also recommended for use in poultry farms to improve animal health and performance and to generate benefits for producers.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin contamination in Tanzania: quantifying the problem in maize and groundnuts from rural households

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S.B. Boni ◽  
F. Beed ◽  
M.E. Kimanya ◽  
E. Koyano ◽  
O. Mponda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Aflatoxin Level ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which contaminate food and feed and threaten human and animal health. To assess the prevalence of aflatoxins in Tanzania, 180 groundnut and 200 maize samples were collected from 9 and 10 districts, respectively. Aflatoxin contamination was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. Aflatoxins were detected in samples collected from all districts and prevalence ranged from 92 to 100% for groundnuts and 10 to 80% for maize. The mean aflatoxin level for groundnuts was 6.37 μg/kg and the highly contaminated sample had 40.31 μg/kg. For maize, the mean aflatoxin level was 12.47 μg/kg and the highly contaminated sample had 162.40 μg/kg. The estimated average probable daily intake (APDI) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from groundnuts consumption was 1.88 ng/kg body weight/day, while for maize, it ranged between 151.98-272.89 ng/kg body weight/day. The APDI for both groundnut and maize exceeded the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of AFB1 for adults (1 ng/kg body weight/day), bringing about health concerns for populations in Tanzania. Another alarming finding was that 75% of the farmers who provided samples for analysis were not aware of aflatoxins or the negative health impacts from consuming contaminated products. Results reported in this paper show that aflatoxin contaminated staple crops are widely distributed in Tanzania and that the risk of human exposure is high due to diet preferences. Awareness campaigns are required to inform and protect farmers and consumers.

scholarly journals Effects of energy concentration of the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens differing in initial body weight

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 3156-3166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pérez-Bonilla ◽  
S. Novoa ◽  
J. García ◽  
M. Mohiti-Asli ◽  
M. Frikha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Initial Body Weight

scholarly journals The influence of conditions of detention the hoof and the development of aseptic inflammation of the producing layer of the base of the skin soles hooves in the cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
N. M. Khomyn ◽  
A. R. Mysak ◽  
S. V. Tsisinska ◽  
V. V. Pritsak ◽  
Yu. M. Lenyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Biophysical Indices ◽  
Hard Floor

Violation of the conditions of animals keeping and the lack of proper level of veterinary and sanitary culture on farms does not allow to achieve a balance between the organism of the cattle and the environment of its stay. The uneven distribution of body weight on the surface of the sole caused by keeping animals on a rough floor promotes the emergence of producing corns, stretching of the tendons and ligaments, slippery flooring leads to the fall of animals and the occurrence of various injuries, in particular, fractures of the limbs, tensile bond, capsule of the joint, excessively hard floor – to excessive erosion of the horn of the sole, etc. In such herds it is difficult to maintain animal health at the proper level and prevent the occurrence of, in particular, aseptic pododermatitis. The article deals with  the results on the dissemination of aseptic pododermatitis in cows for the presence of animals on wooden and reinforced concrete slit floors during the winter and standstill period of containment. It has been established that aseptic pododermatitis in cows on reinforced concrete slit floor is registered in 71.6% of cases, while on wooden – only 28.4%. In the hoof horn of the thoracic and pelvic extremities of the cows, with aseptic pododermatitis, the amount of moisture decreased by 8.2 and 9.3% respectively, the concentration of SH-groups increases by 10.6 and 15.8%, with a possible decrease in the content of calcium, sulfur, cuprum and zinc; decreases the hoof horn density and resistance to abrasion of the epithelium of the hooves of the pelvic limbs by 1.6 and 18.0%, as well as the intensity of the abrasion sole hooves of the thoracic and pelvic limbs is increased by 7.5 and 20.0%, which helps to reduce the growth of the epidermis of the sole. Consequently, changes in certain biochemical and biophysical indices of hoof horns of cows suffering from aseptic pododermatitis, which were held on the reinforced concrete slit, indicate a deterioration in the quality of the epidermal hooves and excessive erosion of the sole, which is one of the causes of the occurrence and development of aseptic pododermatitis in cows.

scholarly journals Intermittent lighting programs for layers with different photophases in the beginning of the laying phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2012-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Manabu Yuri ◽  
Cleverson de Souza ◽  
Aline Felix Schneider ◽  
Clóvis Eliseu Gewehr
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Eggs Quality

ABSTRACT: It was possible to evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent lighting programs with different photophases on the performance and eggs quality of laying hens, applied to the beginning of the laying phase. The authors used 420 Hy-line Brown laying hens with 21 weeks of age, bred on bedding and submitted for six periods of 28 days between the solstice of summer and winter. The three lighting programs were: (PIC) 16 hours of continuos light, intermittent program with initial and final photophases of 15 minutes (PII15) and an intermittent program with initial and final photophases of 30 minutes (PII30). A completely randomized design with ten repetitions of 14 birds was used. The mean values were subjected analysis of variance and analyzed by the Tukey test (5%). The PIC program showed higher feed intake and eggs' mass about the PII15, and the eggs production of birds, in the PIC, was 1.8% greater than the intermittent photoperiods. Programs of light did not change the egg quality. The intermittent programs for semi-heavy laying hens bred on bedding in an open shed, applied at the beginning of the laying phase, reduced the productive performance of the birds without affecting the eggs quality.

scholarly journals Meat quality of castrated and non-castrated Santa Ines lambs subjected to food restriction

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Dayanne Lima de Sousa ◽  
Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel ◽  
Elisabeth Mary Cunha da Silva ◽  
Elzânia Sales Pereira ◽  
Assis Rubens Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Time Required

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of meat of castrated and non-castrated Santa Ines lambs submitted to food restriction. Were used 30 lambs, 15 castrated and 15 non-castrated, about two months of age and average initial body weight of 13.00 ± 1.49 kg. The lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (restriction level x sex class), according to the amount of food provided. The duration of the experiment was determined by the time required for the animals in the one of the groups achieved 28 kg of body weight. There was interaction between food restriction levels and sex class to the variables intensity of yellow color and pH in the longissimus lumborum muscle and the shear force in the semimembranosus muscle. In non-castrated animals, the intensity of yellow color was higher in the longissimus lumborum muscle at the level of 30% of food restriction. There was no significant interaction between food restriction levels and sex class for the quality aspects related to color saturation, color tone, luminosity, red intensity, water holding capacity and cooking losses in longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus muscles. Although food restriction and sex class have influenced the variables related to the quality of meat of the animals evaluated, the mean values are considered acceptable by the literature. The feeding restriction levels and sex class influence some important features of quality of Santa Ines lamb meat.

scholarly journals The effects of limestone sources as calcium source on the performance and eggshell quality of laying chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
M. A. Tion ◽  
P. C. Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Cement Factories

Two hundred and twenty four pullets of shaver Star Cross 579 x Hubbard Golden Comet, that were 30 weeks of age and laying at 50% hen day production, were utilized in a completely randomized design to assess the suitability of limestone sources (procured from different cement factories) for laying hen performance and eggshell quality. Oystershell and bone meal were used in the control diet. Results showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences between the treatment mean values for initial body weight of chicken, egg production. Feed per dozen eggs. Eggshell thickness and eggshell percentage. However. Feed intake. Final body weight and egg weight varied significantly (P<0.05) among diets. Generally, diets that produced numerically higher rate of egg production resulted in significantly (P<0.05) smaller egg weights.

scholarly journals Occurrence and exposure assessment to aflatoxins in peanuts commercialized in the northwest of Parana, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alini Cristini dos Santos ◽  
Aline Amenencia de Souza ◽  
Milena Veronezi Silva ◽  
Samuel Botião Nerilo ◽  
Alexandra Perdigão Maia de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Tolerable Daily Intake ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Food Consumed

ABSTRACT: Peanuts are a nutritious food consumed worldwide. Some species of the genus Aspergillus, producers of aflatoxins, colonize peanuts. Human exposure to aflatoxins occurs by ingesting contaminated foods. The objective of this paper was to assess the occurrence and dietary exposure of the population to aflatoxins in peanuts commercially available in Maringa, Brazil, from May 2013 to April 2017. A total of 104 peanut samples were evaluated by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. The contamination rate detected was 24.0% in average concentration of 13.4µg/kg. Twenty positive samples (19.2%) exceeded the maximum level permitted in Brazil for the sum of four aflatoxins. Estimated probable daily intake was 1,28 µg/kg body weight/day, exceeding the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (0.001μg/kg body weight/day). According to the high levels of aflatoxins found in peanuts, there is need for further monitoring the presence of aflatoxins in peanuts in natura to reduce the levels of contamination.

The use of poly additive Nabicat in the feeding of laying hens

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
S. Nikolaev ◽  
L. Andreenko
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Poultry Farming

In modern poultry farming the most urgent tasks are to search for and test new environmentally safe feed and economically justifi ed additives that stimulate productivity, positively aff ect the health of poultry, and consequently increase the livability of livestock and other important zootechnical traits. In order to maintain physiologically normal processes of life, metabolism and increase the level of productivity of poultry it needs mineral components and their chelated compounds. The purpose of this work was to increase the egg productivity of poultry by using the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in feeding young hens and laying hens. The researches have been carried out on the poultry cross Highsex Brown under the environments in CJSC “Poultry Farm “Volzhskaya” in the Sredneakhtubinsky area in the Volgograd region. In this paper, The optimal dose of the introduction of the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in the diets of young and laying hens of the cross Highsex Brown has been scientifi cally justifi ed and the biological value of using an organic form of silicon has been determined. The positive infl uence of the optimal dose of poly additive on growth, consumption, and digestibility, nutrient metabolism in the poultry body, as well as egg productivity and quality of the resulting egg has been revealed. Thus, the average egg productivity per 1 hen in the control group during the experiment period was 321,3 pcs., and in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it was 322,6 pcs., 325,8 and 325,7 pcs., which was higher than in the control group by 0,40 %, 1,40 and 1,37 %, respectively. The average egg weight in the 1st experimental group exceeded the control by 0,43 g or 0,68 %, in the 2nd experimental group by 1,16 g or 1,84 %, in the 3rd experimental group by 0,81 g or 1,28 %. The economic eff ectiveness of using the organic silicon additive in the composition of Nabicat poly additive in the feeding of laying hens has been proved. The economic eff ect due to the use of diff erent doses of the introduction of silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in compound feed for laying hens of the 1st experimental group was 141,66 rubles, the 2nd experimental group 962,76 rubles, and the 3rd experimental group 821,89 rubles.

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