Dietary fiber and subsequent changes in body weight and waist circumference in European men and women

Abstract Objectives We sought to assess the effect of daily consumption of macadamia nuts as 15% of calories on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass in overweight/obese men and women with elevated cardiometabolic risk. Methods Utilizing a randomized crossover design, we randomized 38 subjects to consume macadamia nuts daily as 15% of calories for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Three subjects dropped out early; n = 35 for analysis. Subjects were healthy men and postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25–39, a waist circumference of >101.6 cm for men and >88.9 cm for women, and one additional cardiovascular risk factor (fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, LDL-C > 100 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication). Macadamia nuts were provided in pre-weighed daily portions as 15% of calories calculated using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass (kg) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A mixed model analysis was performed with treatment, sequence, phase, and baseline values as fixed-effect terms and subjects as a random-effects term. Results Compared to control, consumption of macadamia nuts led to a mean weight change of –348 g (84.13 vs. 83.78 kg; P = 0.15) a mean BMI change of –0.15 kg/m2 (30.61 vs. 30.47 kg/m2; P = 0.12), and a mean waist circumference change of 0.17 cm (107.41 vs. 107.58 cm; P = 0.61). Percent body fat increased by an average of 0.26% after eating nuts (42.70 vs. 42.96%; P = 0.16). Skeletal muscle mass was slightly but significantly lower after eating nuts with a mean change of –0.237 kg (26.33 vs. 26.09 kg; P = 0.017). Conclusions Daily consumption of high-fat macadamia nuts for eight weeks in overweight and obese individuals did not change anthropometrics including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and % body fat. Skeletal muscle mass was slightly lowered but likely not clinically relevant. Funding Sources Hort Innovation, Sydney, Australia.

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Effects of Dietary Fiber Intake on Body Weight and Waist Circumference

Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise (AJNE) ◽

10.18502/ajne.v1i2.1225 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Eiman Al Hammadi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

High Fiber ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Aim: Obesity levels dramatically increased in the last decade in UAE. Diets high in energy, saturated fatty acids, low intake of fruits and vegetables as well as inactivity have been found to promote overweight and obesity. A diet high in fiber has been suggested to improve weight loss and decrease other anthropometrical indices. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a diet high in fiber on body weight, BMI, and waist circumference (WC).Methods: One hundred forty overweight/obese subjects aged from 20-30 years old participated in the study. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was measured after one month period in which the subjects consumed diet high in dietary fiber (38 g/d/men, 25 g/d/women). SPSS was used for the analysis of data and statistically significant difference was set at P> 0.05. Results: BW, BMI and WC were clinically reduced before and after intervention in both males and females. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Percent changes on BW for female and male subjects were 1.45 (95%CI: -12.68, 15.58), P>0.05 and 1.12 (95% CI: -13.58, 15.82), P>0.05, respectively.Conclusion: The high fiber diet did not significantly reduce body weight and WC. Even though there was a small clinically reduction on BW, BMI and WC, however this was not statistically significant. The results, even though were not supportive, they should not discourage people from consuming foods high in fiber, due to other beneficial effects in their health such as decreasing the risk of cancer, lipidemia, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

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Adipose tissuetrans-fatty acids and changes in body weight and waist circumference

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003747 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (7) ◽

pp. 1283-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Camilla P. Hansen ◽

Tina L. Berentzen ◽

Jane N. Østergaard ◽

Christina C. Dahm ◽

Lars I. Hellgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Relative Content ◽

Men And Women ◽

Median Proportion ◽

Total Adipose Tissue ◽

Octadecenoic Acids

Previous studies have suggested that the intake oftrans-fatty acids (TFA) plays a role in the development of obesity. The proportions of adipose tissue fatty acids not synthesised endogenously in humans, such as TFA, usually correlate well with the dietary intake. Hence, the use of these biomarkers may provide a more accurate measure of habitual TFA intake than that obtained with dietary questionnaires. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue and subsequent changes in weight and waist circumference (WC). The relative content of fatty acids in adipose tissue biopsies from a random sample of 996 men and women aged 50–64 years drawn from a Danish cohort study was determined by GC. Baseline data on weight, WC and potential confounders were available together with information on weight and WC 5 years after enrolment. The exposure measures were totaltrans-octadecenoic acids (18 : 1t), 18 : 1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid (18 : 1 Δ11t) and rumenic acid (18 : 2 Δ9c, 11t). Data were analysed using multiple regression with cubic spline modelling. The median proportion of total adipose tissue 18 : 1twas 1·52 % (90 % central range 0·98, 2·19) in men and 1·47 % (1·01, 2·19) in women. No significant associations were observed between the proportions of total 18 : 1t, 18 : 1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid or rumenic acid and changes in weight or WC. The present study suggests that the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue are not associated with subsequent changes in weight or WC within the exposure range observed in this population.

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Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet2018235-39 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Albert А Kurmangulov ◽

Elena F Dorodneva ◽

Irina A Troshina ◽

Yulianna A Petrova ◽

Tatyana I Golubeva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

BACKGROUND. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. AIMS. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 2–3 degrees of obesity (BMI≥35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. RESULTS. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p<0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p<0.01) and in their profile (p<0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p<0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p<0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p<0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

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Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet8785 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Albert А. Kurmangulov ◽

Elena F. Dorodneva ◽

Irina A. Troshina ◽

Yulianna A. Petrova ◽

Tatyana I. Golubeva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Background. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. Aims. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. Materials and methods. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 23 degrees of obesity (BMI35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. Results. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p0.01) and in their profile (p0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p0.05). Conclusions. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

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Efficacy and safety of drospirenone-containing microdosage combined oral contraceptive use with starting contraception

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/2079-5696_2018.2.9-13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

A R Khachaturian ◽

E V Misharina ◽

M I Yarmolinskaya

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Young Women ◽

Iron Metabolism ◽

Serum Iron ◽

The Body ◽

Menstrual Bleeding ◽

Combined Oral Contraceptive

Androgen-dependent dermopathy, as well as premenstrual syndrome of varying severity in young women, can cause emotional depression, difficulties in social adaptation and even depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to study the safety and efficacy of using a combined oral contraceptive (COC) Dimia® containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in young women, as well as its therapeutic effects in androgen-dependent dermopathy. Materials and methods. The study included 57 young women aged 23.1±2.2 years with signs of androgen-dependent dermopathy. The evaluation of the change in the character of menstrual bleeding, the anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference and hips), the therapeutic effect of the drug on the symptoms of androgen-dependent dermopathy, as well as the dynamics of arterial pressure, hemoglobin level, serum iron have been studied. The psycho-emotional state was assessed using the SAN questionnaire (well-being-activity-mood). Results. During 6 months of observation, there was no significant change in the body mass index, waist circumference, and hips, and the drug did not affect the blood pressure numbers. Against the background of taking the drug, there was an increase in the parameters of iron metabolism (hemoglobin content, serum iron). After 3 months of taking the contraceptive with drospirenone, the number of patients with a complaint about the abundance of menstruation decreased more than twofold (from 22.8 to 10.5%), and after 6 months of taking the drug no patient noted the profuse nature of menstruation. Before the start of taking COC with drospirenone, 57.9% of women reported painful menstrual bleeding. Against the background of taking the contraceptive within 3 months, this complaint was stopped in all patients. Sufficient efficacy of treatment of androgen dependent dermopathy in young women with the help of a microdosed drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptive is estimated from the dermatological acne index. The analysis of the SAN questionnaire made it possible to reveal the improvement in the psychoemotional state of patients on the background of taking the drug. The conclusion. The results obtained proved the effectiveness and safety of the microclinized COC Dimia®. The drug has no significant effect on body weight, blood pressure, provides reliable control of the cycle and a decrease in menstrual bleeding, which results in stabilization of iron metabolism in the body. Dimia® is effective in the treatment of androgen-dependent dermopathy and can be recommended to young women for starting contraception.

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Comparison of Indices of Carbohydrate Quality and Food Sources of Dietary Fiber on Longitudinal Changes in Waist Circumference in the Framingham Offspring Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 997

Author(s):

Caleigh M. Sawicki ◽

Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽

Gail T. Rogers ◽

Paul F. Jacques ◽

Jiantao Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Food Sources ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Offspring Cohort ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Carbohydrate Quality ◽

Cereal Fiber

The long-term impact of carbohydrate quality on abdominal weight gain is not fully understood. We aimed to examine the prospective relation of a carbohydrate quality index (CQI; defined by four criteria: dietary fiber, glycemic index, whole grain-to-total grain ratio, and solid-to-total carbohydrate ratio), total, cereal grain, vegetable, and fruit fiber, carbohydrate-to-total fiber ratio, and carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber ratio with changes in waist circumference (WC). Subjects were middle-aged to older, mostly white, participants in the Framingham Offspring cohort (n = 3101 subjects), with mean baseline age 54.9 ± 0.2 years (mean ± SE) and body mass index (BMI) 27.2 ± 0.1 kg/m2. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), health, and lifestyle data were collected approximately every four years over a median total follow-up of 18 years. Repeated measure mixed models were used to estimate adjusted mean change in WC per four-year interval across quartiles of carbohydrate variables. In the most adjusted model, a higher CQI was marginally associated with a smaller increase in WC (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 cm in highest vs. lowest quartile, p-trend = 0.04). Higher ratios of carbohydrate-to-fiber and carbohydrate-to-cereal fiber were associated with greater increases in WC per four-year interval (2.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001, and 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 cm in highest versus lowest categories, p-trend = 0.007, respectively); whereas higher intake of total fiber (1.8 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001), cereal fiber (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend = 0.001), and fruit fiber (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 cm, p-trend < 0.001) were associated with smaller increases in WC compared to lower intakes. There was a significant interaction between total fiber and total carbohydrate (as % of total energy intake). After stratification, the association between fiber intake and change in WC was not maintained in the context of a high carbohydrate diet. Better carbohydrate quality, primarily higher fiber intake and lower carbohydrate-to-fiber ratios, may help attenuate increases in abdominal adiposity over time.

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Reduction of Cardio-Metabolic Risk and Body Weight through a Multiphasic Very-Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet Program in Women with Overweight/Obesity: A Study in a Real-World Setting

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061804 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1804

Author(s):

Elena Tragni ◽

Luisella Vigna ◽

Massimiliano Ruscica ◽

Chiara Macchi ◽

Manuela Casula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Real World ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Multi Centre Study ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Ketogenic Diets ◽

Real World Setting ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Background: The prevention and treatment of obesity and its cardio-metabolic complications are relevant issues worldwide. Among lifestyle approaches, very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) have been shown to lead to rapid initial weight loss, resulting in better long-term weight loss maintenance. As no information on VLCKD studies carried on in a real-world setting are available, we conducted this multi-centre study in a real-world setting, aiming at assessing the efficacy and the safety of a specific multiphasic VLCKD program in women with overweight or obesity. Methods: A multi-center, prospective, uncontrolled trial was conducted in 33 outpatient women (age range 27–60 y) with overweight or obesity (BMI: 30.9 ± 2.7 kg/m2; waist circumference: 96.0 ± 9.4 cm) who started a VLCKD dietary program (duration: 24 weeks), divided into four phases. The efficacy of VLCKD was assessed by evaluating anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic markers; liver and kidney function biomarkers were assessed as safety parameters. Results: The VLCKD program resulted in a significant decrease of body weight and BMI (−14.6%) and waist circumference (−12.4%). At the end of the protocol, 33.3% of the participants reached a normal weight and the subjects in the obesity range were reduced from 70% to 16.7%. HOMA-IR was markedly reduced from 3.17 ± 2.67 to 1.73 ± 1.23 already after phase 2 and was unchanged thereafter. Systolic blood pressure decreased after phase 1 (−3.5 mmHg) and remained unchanged until the end of the program. Total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced by VLCKD along with a significant HDL cholesterol increase. Liver, kidney and thyroid function markers did not change and remained within the reference range. Conclusions: The findings of a multi-center VLCKD program conducted in a real-world setting in a cohort of overweight/obese women indicate that it is safe and effective, as it results in a major improvement of cardiometabolic parameters, thus leading to benefits that span well beyond the mere body weight/adiposity reduction.

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Effects of Triphala on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x211011038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 2515690X2110110

Author(s):

Wiraphol Phimarn ◽

Bunleu Sungthong ◽

Hiroyuki Itabe

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Anthropometric Parameters

Aim. The efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters and its safety were assessed. Methods. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS) were systematically searched to review current evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on triphala. RCTs investigating the safety and efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. Results. Twelve studies on a total of 749 patients were included. The triphala-treated groups showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride in 6 studies. Five RCTs demonstrated triphala-treated groups led to statistically significant decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference of obese patients. Moreover, triphala significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic patients but not in people without diabetes. No serious adverse event associated with triphala was reported during treatment. Conclusions. This review summarized a current evidence to show triphala might improve the lipid profile, blood glucose, the body weight, body mass index and waist circumference under certain conditions. However, large well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

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Sex differences in the association of sphingolipids with age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Biology of Sex Differences ◽

10.1186/s13293-020-00353-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mirthe Muilwijk ◽

Nardie Callender ◽

Susan Goorden ◽

Frédéric M. Vaz ◽

Irene G. M. van Valkengoed

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

South Asian ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Ethnic Origin ◽

Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Men And Women ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background Men have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) early in life, while women have a higher risk later in life. The sex-related differences in CVD risk, especially by age, could be related to sphingolipid metabolism. We compared plasma sphingolipid concentrations and its increase by age in men and women. Methods Plasma concentrations of 13 types of sphingolipids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a random subsample of 328 men and 372 women of Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese ethnic origin, participating in the HELIUS study. Sphingolipid concentrations were compared between men and women by age group (18–39, 40–55, and 56–70 years). Multiple linear regression was used to determine sex differences in age trends in sphingolipids stratified by ethnicity. Analyses were performed without adjustment and adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Results At age 18–39 years, sphingolipid concentrations were lower in women than those in men, but at age 56–70 years this was reversed. At higher age, women showed higher concentrations than men. In line, we observed a more rapid increase of sphingolipid concentrations by age in women than in men. The observed sex differences were not explained by BMI or waist circumference. Patterns of sex differences were similar across ethnic groups, although the strength of associations differed. Conclusions Mean sphingolipid concentrations increase more rapidly with age in women than in men. Therefore, plasma lipid concentrations of sphingolipids, although lower in women than in men at younger age, are higher in women than in men at older age.

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