Building a Conceptual Model of Factors affecting Personal Credit and Insolvency in China based on the Methodologies used in Western Economies

2012 ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Majewski ◽  
Abel Usoro ◽  
Pattarin Chumnumpan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Personal Credit ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Substantial Risk

Chinese economy is developing at an unprecedented pace. This expansion is prominent not only in the external aspect (increased export), but also internally in the increase in the demand for goods and services by common Chinese families. This demand cannot always be met by the monthly salary and therefore the need for personal credit. Because of the substantial risk involved in lending, there is need for robust and reliable credit evaluation procedures, strategies, policies, and systems. Lessons learned from the subprime mortgage crisis in U.S. are that lending can be a very risky activity that can lead to recession for a whole economy. Banks and other financial institutions in China are in need of appropriate procedures and systems should a barrier to further economic development be avoided. Besides, existing models and systems that are prevalent in the West may not fully match Chinese banking environment or the society itself. An appropriate personal credit rating methodology should take into account the differences between the Western and Chinese society and culture. There apparently does not exist such a methodology in literature that takes into consideration the unique Chinese situation. The aim of this chapter is to begin to fill this gap in knowledge by building a conceptual model of factors influencing demand for consumer credit and insolvency (bad debts) in China, based on the available methodologies used in the Western societies.

FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN PERIODE 2005-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Leorista Milliardo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Asean Countries

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting economic growth in ASEAN member countries during the period of 2005 - 2014, with the countries sampled in this study were six countries namely Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The method of analysis used is the method of Data Panel Regression and Fixed Efect estimation model by using analytical tool to help process data is Eviews 7 program. While data used is panel data from eight ASEAN countries covering 10 year periods. The result of analysis shows that the acceptance of International Tourism Sector and Foreign Direct Investment has positive and significantinfluenceto the economic growth in eight ASEAN countries while the Labor Force is inconclusive. The study also found that Export of Goods and Services had a negative and significanteffect on economic growth.

Consumer Online Buying Decisions: A Critical Appraisal of Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kishore Sinha ◽  
Gyanendra B. S. Johri ◽  
Shanti Rai
Keyword(s):  
Research Paper ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Online Buying ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
Buying Decisions

Since last two decades buying of goods and services from online stores using Internet started off. But players of this industry could reach to the general public residing in second and third category Indian cities in recent past only. Now companies are eagerly interested in understanding the factors affecting Indian consumers so that their needs and wants can be understood and served profitably. This research paper is an attempt to critically evaluate those factors which affect consumer buying behavior in Indian Internet based business environment. For the purpose of coverage of topic researcher has classified the literature under three categories which are Literature related to vendor related factors, Literature related to consumer related factors and Literature related to other factors. Vendor related factors include those factors which are primarily controlled by the companies that are engaged in selling their goods and services on internet along with their intermediaries through which such sales take place. Consumer related factors have been bifurcated under two heading that are consumer demographic factors and consumer psychographic factors. Besides this there are several other factors which may affect consumer’s buying decisions and they are classified as other factors. This research paper also tries to identify the gaps (if any) in the available literature of the factors affecting consumer online buying decisions.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned From Nonsignificant Findings in Exercise With Individuals With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 850-850
Author(s):  
Nicole Dawson ◽  
Heather Menne
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Critical Intervention

Abstract The National Institute on Aging recognizes the importance of identifying promising non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) to promote health in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Several systematic reviews have been completed investigating exercise in this population resulting in mixed evidence regarding efficacy across functional domains. It is critical to investigate the methodological factors from the original interventions for a true understanding of these findings as to not outright dismiss exercise as beneficial. One example is Ohio’s replication of Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease (n=508), which resulted in no significant improvements in physical performance for individuals with dementia ((gait speed (p=.81), balance (p=.82), functional reach (p=.58)). In this investigation, along with many others, researchers were not guided by key principles of exercise science leading to critical intervention design and methodological flaws. Thus, exercise interventions for individuals with dementia need to include interpretations of non-findings and report key factors affecting the outcomes.

Hazardous Substances in Electronics: The Effects of European Union Risk Regulation on China

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Biedenkopf
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
The Eu

This article argues that European Union (EU) risk regulation of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) was both a trigger and formative factor in the development of similar Chinese regulation. The attractiveness and global interdependence of the EU market in EEE impelled a response from Chinese policy-makers. Fostering the domestic industry's global competitiveness was one of the driving factors behind Chinese substance restriction regulation. Additionally, symbolic emulation and growing domestic environmental problems related to waste EEE infl uenced the Chinese policy agenda. Chinese substance restriction rules are not, however, a mere copy of EU regulation. The limited domestic capacity of the Chinese economy, administration, and legal structure to adopt policies similar to those of the EU explains, to a large extent, the emergence and partial persistence of differences between EU and Chinese risk regulation. In the course of the implementation and evaluation of Chinese substance restriction regulation, lessons learned from the EU’s experience increasingly contributed to shaping the policy, leading to growing convergence.

scholarly journals Analysis of determinant factors affecting retail business customer loyalty

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
Yusriadi Yusriadi ◽  
Umi Farida
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Goods And Services

Demographic development is the first field that influences the growth of retail stores. The rising population allows all goods and services to increase. To establish customer loyalty, the company must try to try to offer the highest quality in any product or service it must create a positive sense of quality in the minds of its customers. This research is a descriptive research type, trying to explain and describe each variable's conditions in detail and see the relationship or relationship between these variables. In the context of this study, the independent variables are Service Quality (X1), Relationship Marketing (X2), and Customer Satisfaction (Y), while the dependent variable is Customer Loyalty (Z). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis. Partially service quality has a significant influence on customer satisfaction in modern stores. In the sense that the quality of service provided by modern store management in Makassar City can contribute positively to customer satisfaction with the five dimensions of Tangible, Reliability, Empathy, Assurance, and Responsiveness. Direct service quality significantly influences customer loyalty, and indirect service quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty (LP) through customer satisfaction at modern stores in Makassar City.

scholarly journals A Review of Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior towards Online Shopping

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopjot Kochar ◽  
Harmanjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Guaranteed Quality ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Fierce Competition

Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Online shopping provides a good example of business revolution. Ecommerce has made life Simple and innovative of individual and groups. Consumer behavior on online shopping is different from physical market where he/she has access to see the products online shopping sites are fast replacing traditional or physical shops. Over, the years the trust of the customers for online shopping sites has increased considerably. The increase in the number of these sites on one hand has led to a fierce competition which means better and cheaper products for customers. However, at the same time customers have their privacy concerns when it comes to shopping online. Internet is changing the way consumers shop and buy goods and services and has rapidly evolved into a global phenomenon. The technology oriented factors like guaranteed quality, cash on delivery discounts and promotions are the major specific factors influencing customer’s attitudes toward online shopping. This research paper attempts to analyze the consumer behavior towards online shopping and the various factors influencing trend of online shopping.

scholarly journals “Fettered” and “unfettered” capitalism in J.A. Schumpeter’s concept of Tax State and economic development – issues in banking perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Karol Śledzik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Tax State ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Transformation Processes

Economic development and transformation processes have become much more intense in economic reality in the last years than they have ever been before. At this time a lot of questions were raised about the causes of the actual Global Crisis, future crises, the factors affecting the modern economy, about the essence of contemporary capitalism, demographic problems and overgrown bureaucracy. The most spectacular threat to capitalism, (based on private entrepreneurship) according to Schumpeter, stems from the high, growing and progressive taxation. Schumpeter saw clearly that the financing of public goods and services (requiring taxes, maybe even relatively high) is something other than a clerical control of the economic system that violates the natural economic mechanism. Moreover, Schumpeter says explicitly that an entrepreneur does not have to be one person, he even states that the country (state) itself, or its agenda, can act as an entrepreneur. Therefore, it can be concluded that we may have to deal with “Tax State”, which is typical for “fettered capitalism”, and with “entrepreneurial state”, which is typical for “unfettered capitalism”. The main goal of this paper is to present two different approaches to the economic development concept: Schumpeter’s “fettered” and “unfettered” capitalism in the context of “Tax State” and interventionism. The Author analyzes presented concept in contemporary issues from the banking perspective. In the paper, the Author used critical analysis as a research method. This allowed to identify gaps in the current state of knowledge and the scientific discussion focused on J.A. Schumpeter’s theoretical concept. Analysis was performed in 2015.

scholarly journals The Elements of Conceptual Model Goods and Services Tax Registered Persons in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Lee Heng Liang ◽  
Mohd Norfian Alifiah ◽  
Loo Ern Chen
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Structure System ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Compliance Behaviour

Goods and Services Tax (GST) system was implemented on the 1st April 2015 in Malaysia.  Like many others tax administration, tax compliance has been a major concern to the Royal Malaysia Customs Department (RMCD) (Zainol et al., 2015).  The issue of tax non- compliance such as over claiming of input tax, not issuing tax invoices, and under declaring output tax by the registered persons induced this study.  Thus, this study seeks to establish the determinant factors that may influence the tax compliance behaviour of GST registered person in Malaysia.  This study also attempts to propose a conceptual framework GST tax compliance behaviour by integrating economic factors such as tax structure system of GST tax rate, audit, penalty/fine, and psychological and sociological factors like attitude towards GST and GST tax knowledge.

scholarly journals The Top-Down Model: A Discussion of Corporate Social Responsibility Policy in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Shu Li ◽  
Paul Appiah-Konadu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Corporate Social

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained significant prominence in China in the period after the reforms and opening-up of the Chinese economy which ushered in the separation of corporate management and state administration as well as the integration of the Chinese economy with the global economy. Since then, the Chinese government and citizens have realized the need to hold enterprises responsible for the effects of their activities on society; and hence began to formulate CSR policies, and to integrate relevant laws, incentives, supervision and control mechanisms in corporate regulations. In 2001, China’s accession to the WTO provided a platform for international reference and exchanges for the development of CSR policies. In 2006, CSR was recognized by the country’s highest authority in legal form for the first time, which also meant that CSR became a national economic development strategy and policy. Unlike the private sector-led CSR in Europe and North America, this study shows that CSR in China is mainly a government-guided phenomenon and more popular among state-owned enterprises (SOE). In this light, we opine that the improvement of CSR policy and practice in China requires reforms designed with special consideration of the unique characteristics of the Chinese society to encourage stakeholder involvement in the policy formulation and participation in the implementation process.

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