Bringing the Internet to the Rural Area

2013 ◽  
pp. 438-460
Author(s):  
Zulkefli bin Ibrahim ◽  
Ainin Sulaiman ◽  
Tengku M. Faziharudean
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Malaysia aims to be an information society by the year 2020 can only be achieved if the mass population, that include those who live in the rural area, has the access to use the ICT. This is due to the uneven distribution of the basic telecommunication infostructure between the urban and rural areas in Malaysia that left the rural area to be at the disadvantage to access the ICT. Meanwhile, there are many programs that have been implemented by the government to encourage the rural population to use the Internet, such as ‘Kedaikom’, a community based telecenter serving the rural population. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate how ‘Kedaikom’ as a community based telecenter could assist in diffusing the usage of the ICT to the rural population. The result from the survey has indicated that the community telecenter could be used to bridge the digital divide between the underserved rural community and the well-accessed urban community. More of the rural population, especially from the younger generation and those with higher education background (irrespective of age) are using the community telecenter to be connected to the Internet.

Bringing the Internet to the Rural Area

2010 ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Zulkefli bin Ibrahim ◽  
Ainin Sulaiman ◽  
Tengku M. Faziharudean
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Malaysia aims to be an information society by the year 2020 can only be achieved if the mass population, that include those who live in the rural area, has the access to use the ICT. This is due to the uneven distribution of the basic telecommunication infostructure between the urban and rural areas in Malaysia that left the rural area to be at the disadvantage to access the ICT. Meanwhile, there are many programs that have been implemented by the government to encourage the rural population to use the Internet, such as ‘Kedaikom’, a community based telecenter serving the rural population. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate how ‘Kedaikom’ as a community based telecenter could assist in diffusing the usage of the ICT to the rural population. The result from the survey has indicated that the community telecenter could be used to bridge the digital divide between the underserved rural community and the well-accessed urban community. More of the rural population, especially from the younger generation and those with higher education background (irrespective of age) are using the community telecenter to be connected to the Internet.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN KESENJANGAN SOSIAL REGIONAL DI INDONESIA 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Prasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This article discusses on poverty rate and inequlity in urban and rural areas during 2011-15. It shows that poverty rate tends todecrease. The poverty in rural area is worse than that in the urban one. The urban poor people work in the informal sector or in the small business. The poor in the rural areas work in the agriculture sector. The majority of poorest provinces is in the east Indonesia. However, the majority of the poor people live in Java island. Eventough the income inequility in Indonesia is moderate, but it  has been increased since 2011. There are many more poor people above the national poverty line. The government could inprove rural and east Indonesia infstructure in order to increase agriculture production. In this way the poverty in rural area and the gap between east and west Indonesia could decrease.

Penerapan Algoritma K-Means dalam Mengkluster Persentase Rumah Tangga yang Memiliki Komputer Berdasarkan Provinsi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Lamhot Fransiskus Humahorbo ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Suhendro
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Bureau ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Percentage Data ◽  
Central Statistics

The development of computers is no stranger to the among of people in the modern era, the easier it is to find and obtain information with various means of information that we need to support various activities carried out, both from newspapers, books, and the internet through computers. Households have computers that in fact are a family sphere which consists of fathers, mothers and children who own or have a computer (PC) in a household. But from the percentage data of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) 2012-2016 in the provinces and rural areas in Indonesia, it shows that there are still many and there are no lines of urban and rural areas that are up to 50% or only a few urban lines that are close to the percentage of the number of households has a computer that has been recorded. In this study the author discusses the Application of the K-Means Algorithm in clustering the percentage of households that have computers where data is obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The criteria used are, for example, urban and rural areas. The usefulness of this method is to enter data into a cluster which consists of 3 clusters namely High, Medium and Low. Each data that has the same characteristics is grouped into one and the same cluster and data that has different characteristics are grouped into other groups. It is expected that this analysis can be an input for the government, especially the provinces that are the lowest cluster in the interest of households have computers to get a better evaluation review.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics, heterogeneity, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2 in the rural area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Li ◽  
Taojun Hu ◽  
Xin Gai ◽  
Yunjun Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundsFew studies examine the transmission dynamics and heterogeneity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in rural areas and clarify rural–urban differences. Moreover, the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) relative to that of vaccination in rural areas is uncertain.MethodsWe addressed this knowledge gap using an improved statistical stochastic method based on the Galton–Watson branching process considering both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Data were collected from the epidemiological records of 1136 SARS-2-CoV infections after the rural outbreak in Hebei, China, between 2 January and 20 February 2021.ResultsThe estimated average reproductive number R and dispersion parameter k (k < 1 indicating strong heterogeneity) in the rural area were 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.68) and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.10–0.20), respectively. Although age group and contact-type distributions significantly differed between urban and rural areas, the \(R\) and \(k\) did not. Further, simulation results based on pre-control parameters (R = 0.81, k = 0.27) showed that in the vaccination scenario (80% efficacy and 55% coverage), the cumulative secondary infections will be reduced by more than half; however, NPIs are more effective than vaccinating 65% of the population. The presence of asymptomatic infections might affect the estimation of R but showed no significant effect on estimating transmission heterogeneity.ConclusionThe government should pay equal value to SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rural and urban areas and conduct specific prevention and control measures in rural areas. Older adults and children should receive particular attention in such policies, and community contact should be minimized. Moreover, the government must consider a country’s economy and governance when conducting vaccination and NPIs.

Internet-based Online Higher Education in Nepal Amidst COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashis Acharya ◽  
Nabaraj Poudyal ◽  
Ganesh Lamichhane ◽  
Babita Aryal ◽  
Bibek Raj Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Online Higher Education ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected all aspects of human life, with education, not an exception. In an attempt to stop the SARS-CoV-2 spreading like wildfire, the Government of Nepal has implemented nationwide lockdowns since March 24, 2020, that have enforced schools and universities to shut down. As a consequence, more than four hundred thousand students of various levels in higher education institutions (HEIs) are in a dilemma about restoring the situation. Several HEIs, nationwide, have leaped forward from the traditional concept of learning—limited within the boundary of the classroom—to choosing digital platforms as an alternative means of teaching because of the pandemic. For this research, the descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out to investigate the effects and challenges of learning via digital platforms during this pandemic. Data were collected from students and faculty at various levels of higher education and analyzed statistically with different factors using t-test and ANOVA, and variables were found to be approximately normally distributed. The study revealed that 70% of the respondents had access to the Internet, but 36% of the Internet accessed did not continue online classes due to unexpected disturbance in Internet and electrical connectivity. Likewise, 65% of students did not feel comfortable with online classes, and among attendees of online classes, 78% of students want to meet the instructor for a better understanding of course matters. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, three factors, such as institutional policy, internet access, and poverty, are found to be significant factors affecting the online higher education systems in Nepal. On the brighter side, this outbreak has brought ample opportunities to reform the conventional teaching-learning paradigm in Nepal.

scholarly journals The failure of community-based health insurance schemes in Tanzania: opening the black box of the implementation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadhani Kigume ◽  
Stephen Maluka
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Health Insurance ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Globally, there is increased advocacy for community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. Like other low and middle-income countries (LMICs), Tanzania officially established the Community Health Fund (CHF) in 2001 for rural areas; and Tiba Kwa Kadi (TIKA) for urban population since 2009. This study investigated the implementation of TIKA scheme in urban districts of Tanzania. Methods A descriptive qualitative case study was conducted in four urban districts in Tanzania in 2019. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and review of documents. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. Results While TIKA scheme was important in increasing access to health services for the poor and other disadvantaged groups, it faced many challenges which hindered its performance. The challenges included frequent stock-out of drugs and medical supplies, which frustrated TIKA members and hence contributed to non-renewal of membership. In addition, the scheme was affected by poor collections and management of the revenue collected from TIKA members, limited benefit packages and low awareness of the community. Conclusions Similar to rural-based Community Health Fund, the TIKA scheme faced structural and operational challenges which subsequently resulted into low uptake of the schemes. In order to achieve universal health coverage, the government should consider integrating or merging Community-Based Health Insurance schemes into a single national pool with decentralised arms to win national support while also maintaining local accountability.

scholarly journals The seasonal variability of the amount of global solar radiation reaching the ground in urban and rural areas on the example of Warsaw and Belsk

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kinga Nelken ◽  
Kamil Leziak
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the contemporary differences in the inflow of global solar radiation in Warsaw (urban station) and Belsk (rural station). The meteorological data used comprised daily sums of global solar radiation (in MJ•m−2) and the duration of sunshine (in hours) for the period 2008 2014. On clear days in spring and summer, the rural area receives more solar radiation in comparison to the urban area, whereas in autumn a reverse relationship occurs. On cloudy days in all seasons, the rural area receives more solar radiation than the urban area, and the relationship is the strongest in winter. Differences between urban and rural areas on cloudy days are smaller than those observed on clear days.

scholarly journals Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Tharani ◽  
Mohamed Sameem Roshan Akther ◽  
Nanthakumaran Ananthini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Women Participation

An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162

scholarly journals EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS IN ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 17 YEAR 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Mutia Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Access to education refers to the government regulation No. 17 of 2010 on the expansion and equitable access to education. Pemerintahah able to pursue that whole communities are able to obtain the same rights to education in both urban and rural areas. There are several products that include equity and equal access to education, namely; infrastructure standards, standards development level of achievement, the standard scope of development, lesson planning standards, standardized implementation of learning, learning assessment standards, standards kualisifikasi educators and education personnel, standardized management and financing standards. Further products in the distribution and access to education dianlisis from various perspectives, namely; economic analysis, political analysis, analysis of socio-cultural, and administrative analysis.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF PREMATURE EJACULATION AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF MALAYSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Mohd Fadhli Samsuri ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Nazarudin Safian ◽  
Zulkifli Md Zainuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with of Premature Ejaculation &Erectile Dysfunctionamong Malaysian men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas using standardized and validated self-administered questionnaires. A total of 319 samples were recruited for PE screening. The overall prevalence of PE was 31.7% with 20.7% and 40.8% for urban and rural area respectively. Depression, anxiety and frequent masturbation were significantly associated with PE. While For ED, infrequent sexual intercourse was the sole factor significantly associated with ED.PE and ED were highly prevalent in both urban and rural areas; with several significant preventable associated factors.

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