Capacity of Production

Author(s):  
I. C. Dima ◽  
Sebastian Kot

It is always necessary to differentiate between an industrial company’s production capacity (it shows the industrial company’s maximum possible production in a time interval of one year), the production achieved by the industrial company, and industrial company’s size (its size in terms of production volume that it may achieve). The production capacity can be analysed under two aspects, dynamic and static. Taking into account the specificity of the production departments within an industrial company, the production capacity must be calculated separately for the basic departments, auxiliary departments, and service departments. Knowing the production capacity and production volume achieved, the capacity reserves shall be determined, which can generally be extensive or intensive. When analysing and optimising the level of the production capacity, the operative management has a special role. The constructive, material, and technological preparation of production that shall be achieved within the industrial companies influences how the production capacity is calculated as well as its size.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Mulyono Mulyono

The Mulia Baru Water Treatment Plant (IPA) is one of 6 Water Treatment Plants owned by the Ketapang Regency PDAM that is indicated to use a large amount of electrical energy. From the data obtained during one year (January to December 2017), the average monthly electricity consumption is 128,016,667 kWh with an average.Drinking Water Production Volume per month of 144,119,833 m3. Therefore the average Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) value for 2017 is 0.89. Through the application of the Peak Clipping and Strategic Concervation DSM program, a decrease in peak load occurs at a time interval between 17:00 and 22:00, in this condition a decrease in load of 0.47 (%).For greater savings, it is necessary to schedule the operation of large loads at peak load times.


Author(s):  
Ioan Constantin Dima

This chapter is an approach of the theory of strategies and strategic management, and it deals with issues such as companies' strategies and policies, companies' managerial strategies, companies' strategies systems, strategic alternatives and their classification, evaluation and control of strategies, stakeholders and their role in preparing companies' strategies, companies' sustainable development strategies, etc. The complexity of the industrial companies' activities and the different concepts of managers and management specialists have led to the existence of divergences on the concept of company policies and managerial strategies. All these opinions, however, differentiate the company policies from the company strategies. A special role is to prepare companies' sustainable development strategies, as the chapter points out that an industrial company can have sustainable development only if it has its own strategy regarding its development.


Author(s):  
I. C. Dima ◽  
Piotr Pachura

The use of systemic theory in analysing industrial companies determines a certain organisational structure of them. In this context, current issues on the following have been dealt with: the industrial company as a system, the relationship of the industrial company with its environment through inputs-outputs, the forms of existence of the industrial companies, the analysis of the designed structure of the production process that is developed within the industrial companies, the production and conceptual sections of the industrial companies, including their arrangement and modernisation, etc. The modern systemic theory applied to the company’s relation with its environment particularly emphasises the input primary elements that can be both direct and transferable. These inputs are subject to a transformation process that is driven by the regulator of the system resulting, based on the information related to the inputs, outputs from the system that also make the company’s connection to the environment. Such a design creates the preconditions for calculating the production capacity that falls into the structure of industrial companies.


Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nikolai Grigorenko ◽  
Lilia Luk’yanova

A model of production funds acquisition, which includes two differential links of the zero order and two series-connected inertial links, is considered in a one-sector economy. Zero-order differential links correspond to the equations of the Ramsey model. These equations contain scalar bounded control, which determines the distribution of the available funds into two parts: investment and consumption. Two series-connected inertial links describe the dynamics of the changes in the volume of the actual production at the current production capacity. For the considered control system, the problem is posed to maximize the average consumption value over a given time interval. The properties of optimal control are analytically established using the Pontryagin maximum principle. The cases are highlighted when such control is a bang-bang, as well as the cases when, along with bang-bang (non-singular) portions, control can contain a singular arc. At the same time, concatenation of singular and non-singular portions is carried out using chattering. A bang-bang suboptimal control is presented, which is close to the optimal one according to the given quality criterion. A positional terminal control is proposed for the first approximation when a suboptimal control with a given deviation of the objective function from the optimal value is numerically found. The obtained results are confirmed by the corresponding numerical calculations.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Tuija Aronen ◽  
Susanna Virta ◽  
Saila Varis

Telomeres i.e., termini of the eukaryotic chromosomes protect chromosomes during DNA replication. Shortening of telomeres, either due to stress or ageing is related to replicative cellular senescence. There is little information on the effect of biotechnological methods, such as tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis (SE) or cryopreservation on plant telomeres, even if these techniques are widely applied. The aim of the present study was to examine telomeres of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) during SE initiation, proliferation, embryo maturation, and cryopreservation to reveal potential ageing or stress-related effects that could explain variation observed at SE process. Altogether, 33 genotypes from 25 families were studied. SE initiation containing several stress factors cause telomere shortening in Norway spruce. Following initiation, the telomere length of the embryogenic tissues (ETs) and embryos produced remains unchanged up to one year of culture, with remarkable genotypic variation. Being prolonged in vitro culture can, however, shorten the telomeres and should be avoided. This is achieved by successful cryopreservation treatment preserving telomere length. Somatic embryo production capacity of the ETs was observed to vary a lot not only among the genotypes, but also from one timepoint to another. No connection between embryo production and telomere length was found, so this variation remains unexplained.


1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Corcoran ◽  
Dermot Walsh

AbstractObjectives:To establish suicide rates of psychiatric inpatients in Ireland and the characteristics, demographic, social and medical, of the patients involved.Method:Clinical, post mortem and inquest data on all such deaths from 1983-1992 were examined. Suicide rates were calculated using ‘person year method’.Results:The suicide rate for short stay inpatients (stay less than one year) was 319/100,000, and 118/100,000 for long stay patients. The average duration of illness at time of suicide was 10 years. A fourfold increase in suicide rate of inpatients over the century was associated with a similar increase in the suicide rate in the general population. Thirty five per cent of suicides were aged 25-34 years. The risk of suicide was higher the shorter the time interval after admission. Three quarters of suicide deaths in registered inpatients occurred away from hospital grounds.Conclusions:Social factors which contribute to an increase in the suicide rate in the general population are relevant to the increase in hospital inpatient suicides. More effective and comprehensive services to meet the needs of those with severe mental illness, particularly young adults, are essential. The results emphasise the importance of managing inpatients in a safe, secure environment. The person year method is appropriate for monitoring changes in suicide rates.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Iksan Iksan

Production capacity planning this company have obstacle in meeting its production target, then company oftentimes unable to fulfill consumer demands. It can be inflict the company loose. The problems is how planning production capacity based on Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) Method in order to make consumers demand be able to supplied? “ The researcher attempt to resolving problem in PT Muncul Abadi by aiming calculate product capacity plan based on Rough Cut Capacity Planning Method and determine required product. To be useful as consideration for the company in planning production. Forecast done within the coming one year term. Capacity planning base on Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) Method. From forecast result toward previous demand quantity period within 12 periods we could be make production index schedule and order Bill of Resources with standard time that is 0,000316 hours/kg. Able to know machine capacity need in 1 workday = 8 hours day, with 3 shifts per day, 1 week = 6 workdays, 1 month = 25 effective workdays then : available time per month = 25 effective workdays x 8 hours day x 3 shift per day = 600 hours/month. Available capacity for Washing machine = 1.394 hours/month. Available capacity for Crushing machine = 1.394 hours/month. Available capacity for Pelletizing machine = 1.859 hours/month.


2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SALEEM ◽  
MUHAMMAD ASIF QURESHI ◽  
MUHAMMAD ASIF I QURESH

Empyema as a complication of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is relatively common occurrence in developing countries. Study Design: Prospective study. Period: 4 year Jan 2001- Dec 2004. Setting: Department of Pediatric surgery the Children’s hospital Lahore. Patients & Method: A total of 114 cases of empyema thoracic secondary to CAP were dealt with during this period, while in the same duration a total of 1768 cases of pneumonia were treated at the Children’s hospital Lahore. Results: Majority of the patients with CAP (59.61%) were below one year of age whereas the patients who developed empyema, were mainly (45.67%) between 2 to 5 years of age. Patients above 5 years of age having CAP (31.70%) and having repeated attacks of respiratory tract infection were most susceptible to develop empyema. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism found (40.35%) in this series. Vaccination, poverty and gender did not significantaffected the development of empyema among the patients of CAP. Antibiotic resistance had no role in the development of empyema. Ibuprofen may be a risk factor. All the patients were initially managed with tube thoracostomy and antibiotics. Forty-eight patients (42.10%) needed subsequently operative management. Three patients (2.63%) had fatal course in this series same as seen in patients of CAP (2%). Conclusions: Immunization against causative organism and modification of out patient treatment may affect the incidence of empyema in children and should be studied prospectively.


Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Sushkova ◽  
Svetlana V. Levanova ◽  
Iliya L. Glazko ◽  
Kristina V. Pavlova

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a body of a great many of composite materials and takes one of the leading places in thermoplastic polymers production capacity. Annual intake of PVC in the world (data of 2014 years) achieves to 35 mtpa. and has a consistent trend to further increase. PVC recycling is impossible without using of plasticizers. Nowdays scopes of use and plasticizers market used in the polymer materials production intended for contact with alimentary products, for medical equipment and children's toys production, are upon essential impact of policy statements of health, safety, security, environment. Plasticizers with citric acid – trialkyl citrates have needed properties: hazard class 4, high plasticize ability, full miscibility with polymer, high boiling and flash points, low volatility. The citric acid is available renewable raw produced from saccharified residues; world production volume is 1.6 mtpa. There are no local plasticizers production technologies with citric acid. Development of plasticizers production technologies with renewable raw material is relevant objective. Purpose of research is to create method of producing of trialkyl citrate, study of esterification regularities of citric acid with low molecular alcohol over different catalysts. In this research, the kinetic of performances of citric acid esterification by pentanol was estimated over different catalysts. Reaction orders were defined using three catalysts: sulphuric acid, orthophosphoric acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid. The rate constants and activation energies of esterification were found. Kinetic formulas were obtained. The time of esterification was defined to achieve 95 % conversion of citric acid. The time varies from 1.5 to 5 h depending on used catalyst. For citation:Sushkova S.V., Levanova S.V., Glazko I.L., Pavlova K.V. Kinetic of esterification of citric acid in production of trialkyl citrates. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 74-78. 


Author(s):  
I. C. Dima ◽  
Paunovic

Conceptually, the operative management of industrial production is in fact the operative management of all an industrial company’s functions, meaning the operative management of development research, of commercial activity, of financial-accounting activity, of human resources, of logistics. The operative management is in fact a component of the industrial company’s management, and under the structural aspect, it includes programming, releasing, monitoring, controlling, and re-updating the production schedules. In the operative management, the dispatcher emphasises the management of the system led by the leading system, taking into account a certain flow of information. The use of the data processing computerised system in the operative management leads to establishing the system of an industrial company’s aggregated indicators by fields of activity, meaning for production, commercial activity, financial-accounting activity, human resources, etc. Making the operative management more efficient also implies the use of the balanced dashboard in its entire complexity, meaning the presentation of information regarding the clients, presenting the information on the development of the industrial company, etc.


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