scholarly journals KINETIC OF ESTERIFICATION OF CITRIC ACID IN PRODUCTION OF TRIALKYL CITRATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Sushkova ◽  
Svetlana V. Levanova ◽  
Iliya L. Glazko ◽  
Kristina V. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Production Technologies

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a body of a great many of composite materials and takes one of the leading places in thermoplastic polymers production capacity. Annual intake of PVC in the world (data of 2014 years) achieves to 35 mtpa. and has a consistent trend to further increase. PVC recycling is impossible without using of plasticizers. Nowdays scopes of use and plasticizers market used in the polymer materials production intended for contact with alimentary products, for medical equipment and children's toys production, are upon essential impact of policy statements of health, safety, security, environment. Plasticizers with citric acid – trialkyl citrates have needed properties: hazard class 4, high plasticize ability, full miscibility with polymer, high boiling and flash points, low volatility. The citric acid is available renewable raw produced from saccharified residues; world production volume is 1.6 mtpa. There are no local plasticizers production technologies with citric acid. Development of plasticizers production technologies with renewable raw material is relevant objective. Purpose of research is to create method of producing of trialkyl citrate, study of esterification regularities of citric acid with low molecular alcohol over different catalysts. In this research, the kinetic of performances of citric acid esterification by pentanol was estimated over different catalysts. Reaction orders were defined using three catalysts: sulphuric acid, orthophosphoric acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid. The rate constants and activation energies of esterification were found. Kinetic formulas were obtained. The time of esterification was defined to achieve 95 % conversion of citric acid. The time varies from 1.5 to 5 h depending on used catalyst. For citation:Sushkova S.V., Levanova S.V., Glazko I.L., Pavlova K.V. Kinetic of esterification of citric acid in production of trialkyl citrates. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 74-78. 

PENGARUH HARGA DAN PEMAKAIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP VOLUME PRODUKSI PADA PT. KELOLA MINA LAUT DI GRESIK

MANAJERIAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
BAYU YRI WIDHARTO
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
T Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
F Test ◽  
Material Price

The purpose of the research was to know the affect of many factors which affected to the production volume in PT. Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. What the price of raw materials was and the used of raw materials partially and simultan eously affected on the production volume. The analysis tool which used was a model of multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing used t test and F test, both at the significant level 5%. Based of the analysis of research on PT Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. Partially, inventory raw material price had not significant effect on the production volume, consumption of raw material inventory affected significantly of the production volume. Inventory of raw material price and the use of raw material simultan eously affect significantly to the production volume.

ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES FOR SPORTS NUTRITION BASED ON PATENT DATABASES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.О. ЕВСЮКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Functional Beverages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Stability

Согласно данным проекта Стратегии развития физической культуры и спорта в Российской Федерации до 2030 года, в 2008–2019 гг. численность систематически занимающегося физической культурой и спортом населения выросла в 2,5 раза. Это обусловливает необходимость создания инновационных продуктов для людей занимающихся спортом. Для определения перспектив создания продуктов специального назначения, в частности функциональных напитков для спортивного питания, проведен анализ патентов в этой области. Объектом анализа были 59 патентов, опубликованных с 1995 г. по май 2020 г. и занесенных в отечественную – ФИПС и международные – EAPATIS, USPTO, EPO, CISPATANT базы данных. Проанализированы следующие подклассы изобретений по актуализированной версии МПК: A23C, A23D, A23F, A23G, A23J, A23K, A23L, A61K, A61P, C12G. Результаты исследований представлены на рисунках в виде диаграмм. Установлено, что производство функциональных напитков для спортивного питания активно развивается. Российская Федерация имеет преимущество по количеству зарегистрированных патентов в этой области, но по объему производства продукции уступает зарубежным странам. Поскольку продукция агропромышленного комплекса России вполне удовлетворяет требованиям потребителей к натуральности сырьевого состава продукта, для обеспечения стабильности внутреннего рынка перспективно развитие отечественного производства функциональных напитков для спортивного питания. According to the draft strategy for the development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation until 2030, in 2008–2019, the number of people systematically engaged in physical culture and sports increased by 2,5 times. This makes it necessary to create innovative products for people involved in sports. To determine the prospects for creating special-purpose products, in particular functional beverages for sports nutrition, an analysis of patents in this area was conducted. 59 patents published from 1995 to may 2020 and included in the national – FIPS and international – EAPATIS, USPTO, EPO, CISPATANT databases were the object of analysis. Subclasses of inventions according to the updated version of the IPC A23C, A23D, A23F, A23G, A23J, A23K, A23L, A61K, A61P and C12G are analyzed. The results of the research are presented in figures in the form of diagrams. It is established that the production of functional beverages for sports nutrition is actively developing. The Russian Federation has an advantage in the number of registered patents in this area, but in terms of production volume it is inferior to foreign countries. Since the products of the Russian agro-industrial complex fully meet the requirements of consumers for the naturalness of the raw material composition of the product, the development of domestic production of functional beverages for sports nutrition is promising to ensure the stability of the domestic market.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi, Pencatatan Kartu Persediaan Dan Pemasaran Sale Pisang UD Sumber Alam Buana di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Dilla Cattleyana ◽  
Adytira Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Cutting Knife ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
E Mail

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) has an important role in the Indonesian economy, one of which can help the per capita income of the Indonesian state, especially in Banyuwangi Regency, as well as in the UM Banana Sale UD UD. Sumber Alam Buana, located at the eastern end of the island of Java, precisely in Banyuwangi. The UMKM is one of Banyuwangi's original typical food businesses from Ambon banana raw material, bearing in mind that typical food is identical to souvenirs (souvenirs) when visiting Banyuwangi, certainly not forgetting to bring and share them with you. However, there are problems in the field of production of UD Banana Banana UD, namely the low production capacity of processing banana raw materials because it still uses a cutting knife and the appropriate method has not been applied to record raw materials or finished goods so that the owner is less able to control the cycle of raw materials or finished goods. While in the marketing sector it is still conventional to be entrusted in a gift shop so that it can only wait for whether the product is sold or vice versa. The solution to the development activities of UMKM Sale Banana UD Sumber Alam Buana includes counseling and training using a banana chopper tool that is more efficient than a knife that has been used to chop banana raw materials. Whereas in terms of recording to help partners to control raw material inventory and finished goods efficiently and effectively, the need for training knowledge and assistance to owners and employees using a perpetual method stock card (inventory). To expand market share that has demanded the use of technology, training is held to make e-mail as a portal to access several e-commerce websites and to open online stores through social media such as Facebook and others. The results achieved in the Community Service program are the development of this business in terms of increasing production capacity, managing raw materials, expanding markets and increasing income.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL BUILDING STONE- LIMESTONE IN THE REPUBLIC SRPSKA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Majstorović ◽  
Vladimir Malbašić ◽  
Miodrag Čelebić
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
Republika Srpska

Curent situation of raw material base and study of limestone like construction stone deposits in the Republic of Serbian were relatively poorly considered during the last decades, and the main problems are the following: low production capacity fragmentation of production, needs for raw materials homogenization and delivering of standard quality, undeveloped market, the recession of the domestic economy and the economies in the region, the relatively low level of exploration by many deposits, especially lack of knowledge of the occurrence legality for certain types and quality of raw materials and lack of complete quality indicators for raw material, which sometimes causes the utilization of only the highest quality deposit parts.This paper provides an overview of active quarries in the Republic Srpska with exploitation of limestone like technical building stone and present an attempt to determine the basic quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw material and the current working conditions at these quarries. The purpose of such a review would be in an effort to create a clearer picture about production, market, social and other aspects of the limestone exploitation in the Republika Srpska and the realistic possibilities of maintaining and developing of these mineral resources utilization, which can certainlybe interesting for the development of many other industries in the Republic Srpska.

scholarly journals Fishing Fleet Development Program: Expectations аnd Realities

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Elena Klippenshtein ◽  
◽  
Yulia Morozova ◽  
Aleksey Shulikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Quota Allocation

The review is devoted to the analysis of expert opinions on the interim results of the implementation of the program ‘Development of the fisheries complex’. The high rate of reduction of the fishing fleet, the increasing risks of a lack of production capacity and restrictions on the increase in the volume of production of aquatic biological resources, the low degree of processing of catches on ships and the lack of innovations in the fisheries complex were prerequisites for the development of the Federal Program ‘Development of the Fisheries Complex’, adopted in 2014. It was supposed to solve a number of tasks that ensure the departure from the raw material orientation of exports by stimulating the production of products with a high share of added value through the development of the scientific and technical potential of the fisheries complex. Its implementation has indeed contributed to a sharp increase in investment in the modernization of the existing fishing fleet and in the construction of new vessels due to the change in the principle of quota allocation. However, the analysis of the implementation of investment projects shows a steady lag behind the deadlines for putting new ships into operation, which leads to negative financial consequences for investor companies. Due to the late commissioning of fishing vessels, investor companies are unable to catch products and meet their financial obligations to financial institutions in a timely manner. The change in the historical principle of quota allocation and the introduction of a new ‘keel quota’ mechanism, deprives fishing enterprises of a certain part of the potential income with which these enterprises intended to cover previously made investments in the modernization and re-equipment of the fleet and coastal processing. It can be stated that at present this program supports only the shipbuilding complex, ignoring the financial interests of both fishing and fish processing enterprises. The author’s position is based on the fact that it is necessary to carry out not only the modernization and renewal of the fleet, but also to develop technologies for deep and waste-free processing of extracted aquatic bioresources within the framework of existing food programs. In terms of organizing the processing of waste generated during the extraction of aquatic bioresources, it is necessary to adjust the program ‘Development of the fisheries complex’

scholarly journals Perbaikan Kemasan Kerupuk Singkong (Samiler) di UKM Karya Lestari Jaya Tulungagung

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dadang Hermawan ◽  
Andy Hardianto ◽  
Arief Rizki Fadhillah
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Packaging Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Continuous Band ◽  
Break Even Point

Cassava or cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of Indonesia's local carbohydrate sources which ranks third largest after rice and corn. One of the uses of cassava is cassava crackers (samiler). Cassava crackers (samiler) are very popular snacks among the people, made from cassava, thin round in shape and taste delicious. Production Capacity of Karya Lestari Jaya's UKM in producing cassava crackers (samiler) in 1 day is ± 20 kg of material or 5 kg of dried cassava crackers (samiler). In one month cassava cracker orders (samiler) can reach ± 80-120 kg. The production process of cassava crackers (samiler) goes through several stages, including: raw material process, printing process, steam process, drying process and packaging process. The problem that can be identified in the field of production is the limited equipment in the packaging process and weighing the samiler cassava crackers. Karya Lestari Jaya's UKM partners in calculating product prices per package have not met the break even point (BEP) standard, so it cannot be maximized in business management. From the above conditions, the method and results of this service are providing technology transfer by providing vaccum sealer machines, continuous band sealers, and digital scales as well as training in the use of tools and training in Break Even Point (BEP) so as to increase production efficiency of cassava crackers (samiler). ABSTRAKSingkong atau ubikayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan salah satu sumber  karbohidrat lokal Indonesia yang menduduki urutan ketiga terbesar setelah padi dan jagung. Salah satu pemanfaatan singkong adalah kerupuk singkong (samiler).  Kerupuk singkong (samiler) adalah makanan ringan yang sangat populer dikalangan masyarakat, terbuat dari singkong , berbentuk bundar tipis dan rasanya gurih. Kapasitas Produksi UKM Karya Lestari Jaya dalam memproduksi kerupuk singkong (samiler) dalam 1 hari sebanyak ± 20 kg bahan atau 5 kg kerupuk singkong (samiler) kering. Dalam satu bulan pesanan kerupuk singkong (samiler) dapat mencapai ± 80-120 kg. Proses Produksi kerupuk singkong (samiler) melalui beberapa tahapan, antara lain : proses bahan baku, proses pencetakan, proses steam, proses penjemuran dan proses pengemasan. Permasalahan yang dapat diidentifikasi dalam bidang produksi adalah keterbatasan peralatan dalam proses packaging dan penimbangan kerupuk singkong samiler. Mitra UKM Karya Lestari Jaya dalam melakukan perhitungan harga produk per kemasan belum memenuhi standar break even point (BEP), sehingga tidak dapat maksimal dalam pengelolaan usaha. Dari kondisi diatas maka metode dan hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah memberikan transfer teknologi dengan memberikan Mesin vaccum sealer, continuous band sealer, dan timbangan digital serta melakukan pelatihan penggunaan alat dan pelatihan Break Even Point (BEP) sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi produksi Kerupuk singkong (samiler).

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM PKM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PERMEN JELLY BUAH DAN JELLY SAYURAN DI KOTA MALANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainul Arifin ◽  
Istutik Istutik ◽  
Amir Kusnanto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Production Facilities

Candy is a snack that is loved by children and adolescents, because it tastes sweet, has a distinctive aroma and is affordable. Many types of candy both made from artificial ingredients and from natural ingredients. Specially soft and chewy jelly candy is much loved by young people.A businessman partner named Dian Falah Fitriyana, ST is located at Jl. Ikan Hiu II / 19 Tunjungsekar Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City innovates by producing jelly candy from fruit raw materials (apple jelly candy and dragon fruit jelly candy) and made from vegetable raw materials (Moringa jelly candy and carrot jelly candy). As it is known that apples, dragon fruit and vegetable Moringa and carrots have many health benefits. Raw material for jelly candy is only taken from the juice and not added with preservatives.The purpose of the PKM program is to increase the production capacity of partner entrepreneurs and provide online marketing training, training and accounting assistance, so that partner entrepreneurs can make financial reports needed for a productive business.The problem of micro entrepreneurs in general is not being able to increase their production because of limited capital, which has the effect of not being able to add or replace their more modern production facilities. Marketing limitations and not doing financial records properly. The Community Partnership Program (PKM), which provides production support equipment and management improvements, will certainly increase production outputThe solutions offered by the PKM program to increase the production capacity of partner entrepreneurs are to provide juicers, sterilitators, sealers, digital scales, LPG ovens, containers, trays, containers. Meanwhile, to improve financial management and product marketing, the Team provides training and mentoring in accounting and marketing training. It is expected that partner entrepreneurs are able to make financial records (cash flow) and market their products through internet marketing.Partner entrepreneurs with the help of new equipment from the PKM program are targeting production to increase by 50% to 100%. This optimistic target is achieved due to juice, sterilitators, chopper machines, large ovens and more modern production facilities, entrepreneurs will be able to serve the demands of more consumers.The progress of PKM program activities has reached 70% of the target, but there are still activities to assist in making financial reporting and online marketing.

American tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) as an innovative material in CLT technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Teresa Kłosińska
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Adjacent Layer ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Innovative Material ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

American tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) as an innovative material in CLT technology. CLT (cross laminated timber, X-Lam) is one type of engineered wood products. The first idea of CLT was presented in the seventies of the last century. It is manufactured with timber boards placed side by side commonly with 3, 5 and 7 layers glued at 90 degrees to adjacent layer. The CLT production technology was developed for softwood. The main species in CLT production is Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and less often White fir (Abies alba Mill.). Hardwood is also used more and more for production of CLT, most often, the wood of Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), poplars (Populus spp.), Locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). This paper describes the suitability of cheap tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) as a raw material for the production of CLT. Examples of the use of this type of panels in construction are also presented. The tulipwood has similar physical characteristics to softwood, for which CLT production technologies were previously developed. This makes it possible to use the technology previously for softwood CLT was developed. In addition, the tulipwood is characterized by aesthetic visual quality (wood surface similar to marble). Thanks to this, CLT boards to make exposed surfaces can be used.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Musa paradisiaca Peels to Produce Citric Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel Monrroy ◽  
Lineth Rueda ◽  
Anaís L. Aparicio ◽  
José Renán García
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
By Products

Among organic acids, citric acid (CA) features the highest production volume and the greatest economic potential. The steadily increasing demand for CA necessitates the improvement and diversification of the corresponding production techniques via the incorporation of more environmentally friendly and less costly processes such as the bioconversion of agroindustrial by-products. Musa paradisiaca, known as plantain, is a food product of global importance; however, the related by-products are scarcely utilized. Herein, we investigate CA production from M. paradisiaca peels via fermentation with Aspergillus niger. Compositional analysis shows that the above peels contain 623 g·kg−1 total carbohydrates, 374 g·kg−1 starch, and 91 g·kg−1 protein and therefore are rather rich in carbon, with other elements contained in substantial amounts corresponding to K (28 g·kg−1), N (10 g·kg−1), Fe (39 mg·kg−1), Na (71 mg·kg−1), Zn (16 mg·kg−1), and Cu (18 mg·kg−1). Evaluation of solid-substrate fermentation conditions (pH and inoculum loading) reveals that CA production is maximized (29 g·kg−1) at 10% consistency, 30°C, pH 1.4, and inoculum loading = 20 mg, demonstrating that pH is the most important parameter determining fermentation efficiency. As a result, M. paradisiaca peels are concluded to be a suitable substrate for CA biosynthesis via fermentation with A. niger under optimal nutritional conditions.

scholarly journals Fish and fish side streams are valuable sources of high-value components

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Liisa Välimaa ◽  
Sari Mäkinen ◽  
Pirjo Mattila ◽  
Pertti Marnila ◽  
Anne Pihlanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Fish Collagen ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Fur Animals

Abstract The current practice of fish processing generates increasing quantities of side streams and waste, such as skin, heads, frames, viscera, and fillet cut offs. These may account for up to 70% of the fish used in industrial processing. Low-value fish catches, and under-utilized fish species comprise another source of side streams. These side streams have been discarded in the environment leading to environmental problems or they have ended up as low commercial value products, such as feed for fur animals and aquaculture. However, several studies have shown that fish side streams contain valuable bioactive ingredients and fractions, such as fish oils, proteins and peptides, collagen, gelatin, enzymes, chitin, and minerals. These compounds and fractions may provide the opportunity to develop novel applications in health promoting foods, special feeds, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products. Better utilization of side streams and low-value fish would simultaneously improve both the environmental and ecological sustainability of production. This review summarizes the current knowledge on fish and fish side streams as sources of high-value components such as peptides with antimicrobial, antioxidative, antihypertensive, and antihyperglycemic properties, proteins such as fish collagen and gelatin, fish enzymes, fish oils and fatty acids, polysaccharides like glucosaminoglycans, chitin and chitosan, vitamin D, and minerals. Production technologies for recovering the high-value fractions and potential product applications are discussed. Furthermore, safety aspects related to the raw material, technologies, and fractions are considered.

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