A Pragmatic Approach to Polynormative Governance

2013 ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Matthias Kettner
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Governance Practice ◽  
Points Of View

In the first and second part of the present article, the author provides a pragmatic reading of the very idea of governance. With the help of the late pragmatist Frederick Will’s thoughts about the philosophic governance of norms, governance can be construed as a practice that is situated within other practices and whose aim is lending guidance to these practices. Since the point of establishing governance practices is to improve the targeted governed practices, governance is characterized by normativity, e.g. rationality assumptions, reflexivity and relativity to the general and particular significance of the governed practice. A schema is introduced for abductive inferences (as outlined by Charles Sanders Peirce) from observed defects in practices to expected improvements in governance practices. In response to the question, how governance itself is to be governed where it stands in further need of governance, I argue in the third section that there is an interesting problem of “polynormative” governance: Different forms of governance in different domains of practice may differ drastically in their advantages and disadvantages when compared from some particular evaluative point of view, and they will differ drastically across different evaluative points of view. The author argues that argumentative discourse, not in Michel Foucault’s, but in Karl-Otto Apel’s and Jürgen Habermas’ sense of the term, is the governance practice of last resort for our giving and taking reasons. The relation of argumentative discourse to democracy (being the governance practice of last resort for political power) remains to be explored.

scholarly journals XI. A Historical Enquiry concerning the Origin and Development of Sufiism, with a list of Definitions of the terms ‘Ṣúfi’ and ‘Taṣawwuf,’ arranged chronologically

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynold A. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Characteristic Point ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronological Sequence

The nucleus of the present article was meant in the first instance to be added as a note to a chronological list of definitions of the terms ‘Ṣúfí’ and ‘Taṣawwuf’ chiefly compiled from the Risála of Qushayrí (Cairo, 1287 a.h.), the Tadhkiratu'l-Awliyá of Farídu'ddín ‘Aṭṭár (cited as T.A.), and the Nafaḥátu'l-Uns of Jámí (Calcutta, 1859). These works contain about a hundred definitions of ‘Ṣúfí’ and ‘Taṣawwuf,’ none of which exceeds a few lines in length. I thought that it might be interesting, and possibly instructive, to arrange the most important in their chronological sequence, so far as that can be determined, since only in this way are they capable of throwing any light upon the historical development of Ṣúfiism. The result, however, was somewhat meagre. Taken as a whole, those brief sentences which often represent merely a single aspect of the thing defined, a characteristic point of view, or perhaps a momentarily dominant mood, do undoubtedly exhibit the gradual progress of mystical thought in Islam from the beginning of the third to the end of the fourth century after the Hijra, but the evidence which they supply is limited to a vague outline. Accordingly, I resolved to undertake a chronological examination of the doctrine taught by the authors of these definitions and by other distinguished Ṣúfís, and I have here set down the conclusions to which I have come. I do not claim to have exhausted all the available material.

scholarly journals La vinculación entre geopolítica y seguridad: algunas apreciaciones conceptuales y teóricas/ The link between geopolitics and security: a conceptual and theoretical assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Lester Martin Cabrera Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
The Way

El presente artículo establece una discusión teórica sobre la vinculación que existe entre la geopolítica y la seguridad. En este sentido, la discusión se aprecia desde un punto de vista en torno a la evolución que ha tenido la relación entre geopolítica y seguridad, particularmente sobre la forma en que se comprenden tanto los procesos conflictivos y los actores que se ven involucrados. Así, se establece la vinculación desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, donde se percibe la necesidad de comprender tanto a la geopolítica como a la seguridad desde otros puntos de vista en los que incluso sus elementos básicos se ven cuestionados. Se concluye que se requiere una comprensión holística de ambas perspectivas para entender y explicar los nuevos fenómenos conflictivos, sin descartar la totalidad de los postulados clásicos. ABSTRACTThe present article seeks to establish a theoretical discussion about the link between geopolitics and security. In this sense, the discussion is seen from a point of view on the evolution of the relationship between geopolitics and security, particularly on the way in which both conflicting processes and the actors involved are understood. Thus, it is established the linkage from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, where it is perceived the need to understand both geopolitics and security from other points of view, in which even its basic elements are questioned. It concludes that a holistic understanding of both perspectives is required to understand and explain the new conflicting phenomena, without ruling out the totality of the classical postulates.

scholarly journals On the issue of synonymic definitions acceptability in English monolingual lexicography

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Boris Soldatov ◽  
Natalya Soldatova
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
English Monolingual

The purpose of the present article was to examine the advantages and disadvantages of using synonymous words to define the meaning of a headword in English monolingual lexicography. The topicality of the study lies in the fact that, despite different opinions on the feasibility of this definition method, the latter has been widely used in English dictionaries for several centuries and is currently used. The authors proceeded from the Russian linguists’ point of view, treating synonyms not as equivalent words, but as lexical units belonging to the same thematic group and so similar in meaning that their correct use in speech is impossible without accurate knowledge of their distinctive(semantic, stylistic, contextual) features. Synonymic definition has been considered as a kind of the language metalinguistic function implementation. The authors of the article highlight one of the ways to implement the metalinguistic function – synonymous intra-linguistic translation.

scholarly journals Methods for «finding forms» of self-stressed structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Bureev ◽  
Igor Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tensegrity Structure ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Initial Forms

The paper considers methods for searching for the formation of self-stressed structures that can be used as a structural basis for industrial and transport structures, including bridge structures. In view of the special interest in self-stressed structures as promising variations of cable-stayed structures, the methods of preliminary design of the initial forms of future self-stressed structures are considered and analyzed, namely, the forms of searching for the initial forms of geometric configurations are studied by the example of several well-known methods. Examples of practical application of self-stressed systems in several structures are also demonstrated. Possible variations in the use of self-stressed structures in the work of building structures, including bridge structures, are noted. Methods for searching for self-stressed structures are given, taking into account certain input and desired parameters of the structure, namely static and kinematic methods. The features of searching for an equilibrium tensegrity structure based on these methods, as well as their joint application, are considered. There are also some advantages and disadvantages from certain points of view of finding the most correct tensegrity structure. Examples of joint application of some calculation methods in practice and their influence on each other in the calculation process are considered. Some basic examples of creating individual elements of self-stressed structures using schemes and formulas based on geometric and physical-mathematical parameters are given. The considered methods are also briefly analyzed from the point of view of their usefulness.

Relevance of Growth Models to Development Planning

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Sukhamoy Cuakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Points Of View

Growth model can be viewed in three distinct ways. Firstly, they can be viewed as "analytical filing" devices. Secondly, they can be viewed as casual schemes of explanation. Thirdly. they can be regarded as an example of "instrumental inference". From the point of view of development planning, the first and the third uses are very important. It is argued in the paper that from these points of view, they do serve important purposes. This is true despite the existence of numerous deficiencies from which currently existing models suffer. This argument is supported in the paper with the help of illustrations from the existing literature on growth model.

scholarly journals Vertellersperspektiefanalise van Nuwe-Testamentiese tekste

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries G. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
Generic Elements

Narrative point analysis of New Testament textsThe article forms the second part of an essay that aims to introduce narratological codes applicable for the exegesis of New Testament texts. In the first article generic elements that constitute a narrative discourse were discussed. The focus was on aspects of intercommunicative nature. The aim of the present article is to explain how interactive relationships in a narrative discourse reveal the perspective from which a narrator presents a narration. This perspective pertains to what technically is referred to as “narrative point of view”. The relatedness of this concept to the notion “focalization” is explained by ilustrating the narrator’s situation with regard to the role time, space, and characterization play in the poetics of a narrative. The article is concluded with a discussion of the concept the “narrator’s ideological perspective”. In a following article that forms the third part, the theoretical explanation will be demonstrated by an analysis of John 4:43-54.

Trees and Plants in The Greek Tragic Writers

1952 ◽  
Vol 21 (62) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
General Term ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

It was not until the time of Aristotle and his pupil Theophrastus that the Greeks took the initiative in studying botany from a scientific point of view, but naturally earlier Greek writers were interested in varying degrees and for various reasons in the plants which they saw around them, and therefore mention them in their works.The present is the third of a series of articles, the first two of which have appeared in the Classical Review, ‘Trees and Plants in Homer’ (C.R., vol. 1, July 1936, pp. 97 ff.) and ‘Trees and Plants in Herodotus’ (ib., vol. lvi, July 1942, pp. 57 ff.). The present article deals with the references to trees and plants in the thirty-five extant plays and fragments of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. It is proposed first to tabulate the references to trees, shrubs, and plants in these authors and indicate the contexts in which they occur, and then to try to draw some conclusions as to the interest which these writers display in plant life and the attitude which they adopt towards it. Forty-three botanical names occur in the plays of the three dramatists, whereas in Homer there are fifty and in Herodotus fifty-seven. It will be clear, I think, that the dramatists took much less interest in plant-life than either Homer or Herodotus.To take trees and shrubs first, the oak, ρῠς (Quercus robor)—a word which, like the Sanskrit root dru, was originally a general term for ‘tree’ or ‘wood’, and hence is used for the ‘king of trees’—occurs frequently in the Greek tragedians, especially in Euripides.

Clothing of the medieval peasant: from everyday functionality to the definition of class affiliation. To the discussion about the origin of fashion

2021 ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Stanislavovna Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fashion Theory ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

The article shows that there are a number of contradictory points of view on the question of the time and factors of the origin of the fashion. In fashion theory, there are a number of well-established concepts regarding the question of the origin of fashion. According to the first point of view, fashion originated at the dawn of the capitalist era, and it is directly related to the processes of trade, urbanization, the increase in the number of cities and the emergence of a mass democratic culture that formed certain attitudes, including fashion. According to another view, fashion successfully developed within the framework of traditional society, within the boundaries of palace culture, among the aristocracy and the nobility. There is also the third opinion, according to which fashion is identified with clothing in general, which allows talking about its origin at the dawn of the formation of humanity. The article argues that fashion could not have arisen in traditional society, especially in the peasant environment, which allows speaking of its origin only within the framework of industrialism.

scholarly journals Proses Komunikasi melalui Media Visual Fotografi sebagai Ilustrasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Agnes Paulina Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Points Of View

Artwork generally contains a message or idea to be communicate to others as a viewer. From the various situations that can be captured in a visual appearance of the work of Photography, many things can be delivered into an idea that can have different meanings depending on the impression captured by the photographer and also depending on the interpretation of the viewer. However, considering the work of Photography as a visual work in two-dimensional form, of course there are advantages and disadvantages of expressing ideas or meanings that the photographer might want to deliver, so maybe there is different perception, and not everybody can clearly understand the intent and impression the photographer means. Different interpretations from the photographer's point of view and the point of view of the observer are actually relatively reasonable, considering that each person with different emotional experiences and from different points of view can produce different reactions. With the visual appearance of the photography work, many people use this visual information to explain some information. Either in articles, in stories, or in a work procedures or processes. So that the photo works will be a tool to support, to clear up and clarify information. This journal will discuss about photography as a visual media that support an information commonly known as Illustration Photography.

scholarly journals Die narratiewe blikhoek in die mikrovertelling oor die genesing van die koninklike se seun deur Jesus in Johannes 4:43-54

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries G. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
John's Gospel ◽  
Generic Elements

Narrative point of view in the healing story of the official’s son by Jesus in John 4:43-54The article forms the third part of an essay that aims to introduce narratological codes applicable to the exegesis of New Testament texts. In the first article generic elements that constitute a narrative discourse were discussed. The focus was on aspects of inter-communicative nature. The aim of the second article was to explain how interactive relationships in a narrative discourse reveal the perspective from which a narrator presents a narration. From the perspective technically referred to as “narrative point of view”, the present article applies the narrator’s situation with regard to the role time, space, and characterization play in the poetics of a narrative to an exegetical analysis of John 4:43-54, focusing on the “narrator’s ideological perspective” in John’s gospel.

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