Bioremediation of Pesticides under the Influence of Bacteria and Fungi

2015 ◽  
pp. 51-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta ◽  
Rayavarapu Jaganadha Rao ◽  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The demand and development of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals is increasing constantly posing a potential threat to the environment. The presence of pesticides and their impact makes their removal and detoxification a more urgent need. Bioremediation technologies have been successfully used and are gaining more and more importance with increased acceptance of eco-friendly remediation solutions among the scientific community. Bioremediation by fungi and bacteria is considered a better option for making environment free from pesticides, as chemical and physical methods are not only costly but also not very effective. However, the complex nature of pesticides is an obstacle to degrade the pesticides, so more versatile and robust microorganisms need to be identified which can produce the desired result in a very cost-effective manner. This study examines the role played by fungi and bacteria in degradation of the pesticides in environment and also identify the future research problems in this regard that need to be experimented.

scholarly journals Cell Line Platforms Support Research into Arthropod Immunity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Goodman ◽  
David S. Kang ◽  
David Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Robust Systems

Innate immune responses are essential to maintaining insect and tick health and are the primary defense against pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Cell line research is a powerful method for understanding how invertebrates mount defenses against pathogenic organisms and testing hypotheses on how these responses occur. In particular, immortal arthropod cell lines are valuable tools, providing a tractable, high-throughput, cost-effective, and consistent platform to investigate the mechanisms underpinning insect and tick immune responses. The research results inform the controls of medically and agriculturally important insects and ticks. This review presents several examples of how cell lines have facilitated research into multiple aspects of the invertebrate immune response to pathogens and other foreign agents, as well as comments on possible future research directions in these robust systems.

scholarly journals 5G Wireless/Wired Convergence of UFMC Based Modulation for Intensity Modulation Direct Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthivasan K ◽  
Shibu S
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Media Applications

Faster data speeds, shorter end-to-end latencies, improved end-user service efficiency, and a wider range of multi-media applications are expected with the new 5G wireless services. The dramatic increase in the number of base stations required to meet these criteria, which undermines the low-cost constraints imposed by operators, demonstrates the need for a paradigm shift in modern network architecture. Alternative formats will be required for next-generation architectures, where simplicity is the primary goal. The number of connections is expected to increase rapidly, breaking the inherent complexity of traditional coherent solutions and lowering the resulting cost percentage. A novel implementation model is used to migrate complex-nature modulation structures in a highly efficient and cost-effective manner. Theoretical work to analyses modulations’ behavior over a wired/fiber setup and wireless mode is also provided. The state-of-the-art computational complexity, simplicity, and ease of execution while maintaining efficiency throughput and bit error rate.

Civil Marine Radar – A Review and a Way Ahead

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Short History ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Marine Radar

Civil Marine Radar (CMR) is now a mature instrument of some 50 years steady development. Following a short history, more to provide benchmarks of achievement than to satisfy historians, this paper examines what will drive the future development of CMR. The answer may not follow recent developments, but may well be the result of a fresh maritime modus operandi to fulfil the navigation, collision avoidance and safe passage needs of all types of craft operating in all types of water with different pressures and Operational Requirements (ORS). Having postulated fresh ORS, suggestions are made on how best to fulfil them in a logical and cost-effective manner.

Supply chain talent: the missing link in supply chain strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameshwar Dubey ◽  
Angappa Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
The Right

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build a supply chain talent framework and test it empirically. Design/methodology/approach – The present study adopts extant literature to understand current state of supply chain talent literature and used knowledge and skill constructs and their items from comprehensive literature review to develop an instrument to gather data. The data are further checked for assumptions and further examines the framework using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The findings support previous studies and establishes that knowledge-skill framework is scientifically a strong framework which can help to build current supply chain competencies among future supply chain managers. Research limitations/implications – This study considers only a limited number of variables that define the supply chain talent. The framework can be further developed and extended to different industries and countries. Practical implications – The study identifies knowledge-skill framework which can help to develop a training module for current or aspiring supply chain managers. It also can provide significant input to design university supply chain management program to meet future supply chain manager’s requirements. Social implications – Include providing the right education and training in support of supply chain operations and in turn serving the community with products and services on time and that too in a most cost effective manner. Originality/value – This paper develops a new framework for supply chain talent development. This framework has been empirically tested, and major findings and future research directions are highlighted.

Areas of Uncertainty in Bridge Management: Framework for Research

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag C. Das ◽  
Toula Onoufriou
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Bridge Engineering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bridge Management ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Bridge Maintenance ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
End Use

Bridge maintenance activities, from inspection and assessment to fund allocation and execution of the work, involve many uncertainties. If the predictably increasing future requirements for bridge maintenance are to be met in a cost-effective manner, these uncertainties must be identified and reduced as much as possible. Past research in bridge engineering has mostly concentrated on the engineering aspects of the activities. Many countries are now conducting considerable research and development efforts to produce better materials, innovative forms of construction, improved inspection and monitoring techniques, and better evaluation procedures and criteria. Now is the time to examine the uncertainties found in bridge management. To address these deficiencies, it is necessary to determine the focus of future research. Clearly, the level of resources that is used in different areas of research should reflect the accuracy that is warranted by the end use. On the basis of experiences gained from bridge management as well as from similar activities in the field of offshore structures, the areas of uncertainty, such as method sophistication, operator expertise, and human and sampling errors, are identified. In addition, a possible methodology is outlined that could provide bridge authorities, researchers, and industry with an overview of the currently perceived problems and their relative importance so that resources could be used in a cost-effective manner. The process of breaking down management into component activities by the use of flow diagrams and the representation of individual uncertainties through probabilistic distribution are also presented.

scholarly journals Functionality of the Land Certification Program in Ethiopia: Exploratory Evaluation of the Processes of Updating Certificates

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Logan Cochrane ◽  
Sebsib Hadis
Keyword(s):  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Certification Program ◽  
Certification System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Land Holdings

Ethiopia has implemented one of the world’s most cost-effective systems to document land holdings, the land certification system. After more than 15 years since its launch, questions have been raised regarding its functionality. Specifically, there are concerns about the process of updating land certificates, thus ensuring the certificates and the registry are up-to-date. This exploratory evaluation seeks to provide formative evidence regarding this question, and, if warranted, give direction as to where additional research is needed. We find that in some areas, the mechanisms for updating land certificates are functional and in other areas not. Based upon these findings, we suggest four areas for future research, namely: (1) assessing the extent of non-functionality on a broader scale, (2) investigating the causes of non-functionality and viable options for addressing the cases thereof, (3) how policy can best address uninheritable land due to its small size, and (4) evaluating the viability of the future of rural livelihoods and what services ought to be put in place to enable a transition that provides decent livelihood alternatives.

Comparative Review of Risk-Informed Inservice Inspection Methodologies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Chockie ◽  
M. Robin Graybeal ◽  
Scott D. Kulat
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Systematic Framework

In the 1970’s and early 80’s there was a reevaluation of the role of inservice inspection programs. Inservice inspection programs as originally developed under the ASME Section XI Code requirements were based on the best information available at the time and helped establish the safety of the subject components. However, it was determined that the examination requirements were not efficient because examinations were being focused on many welds, components, and systems that are not as important as originally thought when the ASME Section III Classes 1, 2, and 3 categories were developed. It was determined that the appropriate locations were not being inspected and that the most effective types of examinations were not being performed. It was felt that a more optimal inspection approach was needed. This eventually led to the development of the risk-informed inservice inspection (RI-ISI) methodology. RI-ISI provides a structured and systematic framework for allocating inspection resources in a cost-effective manner while improving plant safety. It helps focus inspections where failure mechanisms are likely to be and where enhanced inspections are warranted. This paper examines the foundations for the current RI-ISI initiatives and how the RI-ISI methodology may be used in the future for current and next generation plants.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Cooperation in Europe: What Next? Drivers and Barriers to the Use of Cooperation Mechanisms

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natàlia Caldés ◽  
Pablo del Río ◽  
Yolanda Lechón ◽  
Agime Gerbeti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Cooperation on Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Europe is expected to contribute to energy and climate policy goals and bring multiple benefits at the national, regional and European levels. For this reason, the Cooperation Mechanisms of the RES Directive 2009/28/EC were originally designed to encourage the collaboration of countries and contribute to the achievement of the 2020 EU RES target in a cost-effective manner while providing Member States (MS) with flexibility to meet their national RES objectives. These mechanisms will allow MS to achieve their national RES target in cooperation with other MS and include statistical transfers, joint projects and joint support schemes. However, their use has been limited, leading to skepticism about their future use. The aim of this article is to identify the factors that influence MS decision to use the Cooperation Mechanisms and to rank their importance. The empirical analysis is based on a comprehensive, in-depth literature review and a dedicated survey to MS. Our results show that, indeed, a wide array of drivers and barriers have influenced and will influence the future use of the Cooperation Mechanisms. The main drivers and barriers in the past significantly differ to those influencing the future use. Furthermore, the perception of the relevance of the drivers and barriers by the MS differs depending on whether the countries have already met or are having difficulties to meet their 2020 RES target domestically and on whether they have actually used the Cooperation Mechanisms or not. Some policy implications on how to overcome the existing barriers to the use of those mechanisms are derived from the analysis.

scholarly journals Secure Cloud Infrastructure: A Survey on Issues, Current Solutions, and Open Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9005
Author(s):  
Yara Alghofaili ◽  
Albatul Albattah ◽  
Noura Alrajeh ◽  
Murad A. Rassam ◽  
Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
New Challenges

Cloud computing is currently becoming a well-known buzzword in which business titans, such as Microsoft, Amazon, and Google, among others, are at the forefront in developing and providing sophisticated cloud computing systems to their users in a cost-effective manner. Security is the biggest concern for cloud computing and is a major obstacle to users adopting cloud computing systems. Maintaining the security of cloud computing is important, especially for the infrastructure. Several research works have been conducted in the cloud infrastructure security area; however, some gaps have not been completely addressed, while new challenges continue to arise. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the security issues at different cloud infrastructure levels (e.g., application, network, host, and data). It investigates the most prominent issues that may affect the cloud computing business model with regard to infrastructure. It further discusses the current solutions proposed in the literature to mitigate the different security issues at each level. To assist in solving the issues, the challenges that are still unsolved are summarized. Based on the exploration of the current challenges, some cloud features such as flexibility, elasticity and the multi-tenancy are found to pose new challenges at each infrastructure level. More specifically, the multi-tenancy is found to have the most impact at all infrastructure levels, as it can lead to several security problems such as unavailability, abuse, data loss and privacy breach. This survey concludes by giving some recommendations for future research.

Research Progress on Resource Utilization of Iron Tailings and its Development Trend in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 780-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hui Duan ◽  
Jin Sheng Liang ◽  
Qing Guo Tang ◽  
Jun Ping Meng ◽  
Yan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Future

The treatment of iron tailings has been a global issue, which has bought serious impact on the environment, it was considered to be a potential threat to human lives. In the present paper, the development situation of iron tailings utilization in China is investigated, the problems existed is analyzed and suggestions are provided, which are hoped to be valuable in the future research and the development of functional materials and products. Keywords: Iron tailings, resource utilization, functional materials, environment protection

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