Social Accounting in the Social Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larraitz Lazcano ◽  
Leire San-Jose ◽  
Jose Luis Retolaza
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social

This chapter was based on one of the largest Spanish cooperative groups, which is part of the social economy sector (SES). Added value is a useful concept; however, after analyzing this case, the authors found that social accounting provides additional information about the social value that companies generate. Then, by applying social accounting complemented by a value-added statement, these companies belonging to the SES can quantify, monetize, and compare their social value and added value, and demonstrate their contribution to society. Social accounting is necessary to demonstrate and understand the value of social economy companies, since their value is not always fundamentally centered on commercial activity; at least not only. They can monitor their effort in terms of specific social values that are not part of the market. Because of this, their value is not reflected in traditional financial statements.

scholarly journals Social Accounting for Sustainability: A Study in the Social Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larraitz Lazkano ◽  
Ana Beraza
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Sustainable Organizations

In order to understand an organization’s survival and growth, legitimacy plays a key role. This paper explains how social accounting can generate legitimacy for a social company and make companies more sustainable. The demand to know the value that different organizations generate or detract from society has increased since the global crisis of 2008. Sustainable organizations are those that positively impact all stakeholder groups. In this paper, an analysis of 20 Spanish social companies that have implemented or are going to implement social accounting is made. We analyzed, through interviews, the expectations and integration of social accounting, determining change-emerging factors occurring after the application of social accounting. For the qualitative analysis of the information collected, NVivo 12 was used, a software program adequate for qualitative and mixed-methods research. The main finding shows that most companies communicate results internally; thus, these companies expect a higher involvement in the implementation of social accounting. Social companies, since their value is fundamentally not centered on that which comes from commercial activity, need to evidence their effort on specific social values that do not go through the market, and so are not reflected in traditional financial statements.

scholarly journals The Social Balance Sheet as Part of the Annual Report in Financial Institutions. A Case Study: Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín Valmayor ◽  
Beatriz Duarte Monedero ◽  
Luis A. Gil-Alana
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Balance ◽  
Corporate Social

In this paper, we examine the concept of the social balance sheet (SBS) and its evolution in corporate social reports that large companies have to issue today in their yearly statements. The SBS allows companies to evaluate their compliance with corporate social responsibility during a specific period and quantify its level of accomplishment. From a methodological perspective, this research analyzed the information that should be contained in the SBS report comparing economic value added (EVA) with other social value added statements (SVA), analyzing also in detail the case of Spain’s Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) bank as one of the pioneers in offering social reports. Along with this study, their metrics following EVA were recalculated and a more academic SVA statement was proposed for this specific case.

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN KANGKUNG HIDROPONIK MENJADI KANGKUNG RENDANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Indrawaty Sitepu ◽  
Nurmely Violeta Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang merupakan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah, menghasilkan produk yang dapat dikonsumsi, serta menambah pendapatan dan keuntungan produsen.Tujuan penelitian untuk menguraikan apa saja tahapan pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangukung rendang, menganalisis biaya produksi, penerimaan, dan pendapatan, menganalisis nilai tambah pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang, menganalisis apakah usaha pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang layak diusahakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Bromo lorong Amal Medan Denai Kota Medan. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive, Metode pengambilan sampel secara sensus yaitu usaha Syifa Hidroponik dengan pengambilan data ulangan selama 2,5 bualan sebanyak 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian: 1) Tahapan  pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang yaitu:  Penyediaan bahan baku kangkung hidroponik, kangkung dihaluskan, pengadonan kangkung, telur ayam, tepung beras dan garam, kangkung dikukus, kangkung didinginkan, dipotong-potong, digoreng, pemasakan bumbu rendang, pencampuran kangkung yang digoreng dengan bumbu rendang dan pemasaran. Total biaya pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang untuk sekali produksi sebesar Rp 545.291,83, penerimaan sebesar Rp 1.500.000,00, per sekali produksi dan pendapatan sebesar Rp 954.708,17 per sekali produksi. Nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang tergolong tinggi dengan rasio nilai tambah 75,31% > 50%.Usaha pengolahan kangkung hidroponik menjadi kangkung rendang layak untuk diusahakan dengan nilai R/C rasio 2,75 > 1.  Abstract  Hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is an activity that can increase added value, produce edible products, as well as increase producer income and profits. The purpose of the research is to describe what are the stages of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang kangukung, analyze production costs, revenue, and income, analyze added value of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach, analyzing whether the business of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is worth the effort. This research was conducted in Jalan Bromo Amal Medan Denai alley Medan City. Determination of the study area was done purposively, census sampling method that is Syifa Hydroponic business with retrieval data retrieval for 2.5 boasting as many as 10 replications. The results of the study: 1) The stages of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach, namely: Provision of raw materials for hydroponic water spinach, crushed water spinach, stirring water spinach, chicken eggs, rice flour and salt, steamed water spinach, water spinach water spinach, cut into pieces, fried, fried spicy water spinach, cooking water spinach kale, chicken egg, rice flour and salt, steamed water spinach, water spinach kangkung cooled, cut, fried, cooking spices, rendang, mixing fried kale with spicy rendang and marketing. The total cost of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach for one production is Rp. 545,291.83, revenue is Rp. 1,500,000.00, per production and income is Rp. 954,708.17 per production. The added value generated from the processing of hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is classified as high with a value added ratio of 75.31%> 50%. The business of processing hydroponic water spinach into rendang water spinach is feasible to be cultivated with an R / C ratio of 2.75> 1.  

scholarly journals NILAI TAMBAH DAN SALURAN PEMASARAN IKAN JULUNG-JULUNG (Hemirhamphus Sp) ASAP DI DESA BUAJANGKA KECAMATAN BUNGKU SELATAN KABUPATEN MOROWALI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Ahsan Mardjudo ◽  
Ade Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Central Sulawesi

This research aims to find out the fumigation process (local: roa fish)and the added value of fumigation processing, and knowing the marketing channels for roa fish in Buajangka village, South Bungku District of Morowali regency in Central Sulawesi Province. Data collection in this research was carried out by census method to all people who conduct fumigation of smoked-baffled fish (roa fish) in Buajangka Village. The data were analysis through qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The research results show that technically, the fumigation process for roa fish starts from receiving raw materials, washing, transporting, clamping and fixing clips, structuring, fumigation process, and packaging or packing. The added value generated from the cocoa fumigation business in Buajangka Village, South Bungku District in per bunch of roa fish is Rp. 6,082. The added value generated from the cocoa fumigation business in the study area was relative low with a value added ratio> 50% (40.54%). While the marketing channel of Roa's fish fumigation business sells smoked roa fish products directly to consumers and collectors who come from outside the region such as Kendari, Bungku Tengah, Tentena, Poso and Palu who come directly to the place of roa fumigation.

Social Entrepreneurship and Related Concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-294
Author(s):  
Cristina López-Cózar-Navarro ◽  
Tiziana Priede-Bergamini
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

In the past few decades, a new way of responding to social and environmental problems has emerge: the social entrepreneurship. It is presented as a special type of venture, in which the creation of social value prevails over the maximization of profits. Thus, the main objective of these types of ventures is to serve the community and to search for a positive social change. In this chapter, in addition to presenting the concept of social entrepreneurship and its various approaches within the so-called third sector and the emergent fourth sector, the main sources of funding that can be used by social entrepreneurs are also presented, especially business angels and crowdfunding, are detailed. New paradigms such as the collaborative economy and the circular economy are also addressed within social economy, highlighting the relationship with social entrepreneurship and the path of opportunity to foster new ventures in these fields.

scholarly journals The Social Value Act 2012: current state of practice in the social housing sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Alex Opoku ◽  
Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Practices

Purpose The social housing sector is under increasing pressure to do more with less and provide value for money as part of the UK Government’s public debt reduction strategy. This study aims to explore the current practices towards unlocking social value in the housing sector through the adoption of the Social Value Act 2012. The Social Value Act seeks to ensure that public sector procurement deliver added value in terms of social, economic and environmental outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts quantitative research methodology through a survey with 100 housing professionals charged with the delivery of social value outcomes in the social housing sector in England. Findings The results of the study reveal that there is a low level of understanding of the Social Value Act 2012 among the professionals in the social housing sector. Once again, most organisations in the social housing sector do not have social value strategies or policies and rarely consider social value outcomes during procurement. However, employment skills and training and crime and antisocial behaviour reduction are the most social value priority outcomes/needs identified with organisations currently promoting social value in the social housing sector. Social implications The issue of social value has importance towards the wider society, and the study provides an insight into current practices towards the realisation of social value outcomes in the housing sector. Originality/value The Social Value Act 2012 came into force in January 2013, and little has been written on the impact of the Act on the social housing sector in England. This study identifies current practices in the social housing sector towards the delivery of social value outcomes in the day-to-day business operations.

Social value analysis: the case of Pompeu Fabra University

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ayuso ◽  
Pablo Sánchez ◽  
José Luis Retolaza ◽  
Mònica Figueras-Maz
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
The University

Purpose This paper aims to explore how to quantify the social value generated by higher education from a social accounting perspective. The proposed approach is integrated social value (ISV) analysis, a social accounting model that considers both the economic value and the social value created by an organisation for its stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach The ISV analysis has been applied to Pompeu Fabra University, following a participatory action research process with representatives of the university and its stakeholders. Findings The final ISV includes not only the social value created through the university’s economic activity – captured by economic and financial accounting indicators – but also the specific social value created for the different stakeholders by means of non-market relationships, which were monetised through the use of indicators and financial proxies. Research limitations/implications Like other social accounting methodologies, ISV analysis suffers from some limitations regarding data availability and economic pricing, that partly will be resolved with maturation of the methodology and increasing standardisation. Practical implications By using appropriate proxies, the non-market value of the university can be monetised and integrated with university’s market value. The social value results become a valuable tool for developing useful indicators for internal management and external communication. Social implications The process of measuring the social value created by universities provides a way to meet the rising demands for greater accountability and transparency and facilitates engagement with stakeholders on how these institutions are contributing to a sustainable society. Originality/value ISV is a recently proposed social accounting model that combines an organisation’s economic and social results into a single concept of value creation and thus contributes to advance the field of social accounting.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alternative fabrication specifications to increase gross value of pork carcasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Erin E Bryan ◽  
Martin F Overholt ◽  
Gap Don Kim ◽  
Anna C Dilger ◽  
Dustin D Boler
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Total N ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
A Value ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Marketing Service

Abstract Modifying fabrication specifications of domestic pork carcasses to reflect product specifications in key export markets may increase gross value for U.S. pork. Changes in specifications may also yield value-added cuts that increase demand for U.S. pork in both export and domestic markets. The objective was to evaluate differences in value of carcasses fabricated using either typical U.S. cutting specifications, or alternative specifications. Paired left and right sides (30 sides total; n = 15) were weighed and cut into primal and subprimal pieces according North American Meat Institute (NAMP, DOM) or alternative-style specifications (ALT). Alternative-style carcasses were separated into shoulder (4th/5th rib separation), loin, belly, and ham (sirloin-on) primals. Alternative-style shoulders were fabricated into a cellar-trimmed (CT) butt, triceps brachii (cushion), boneless picnic, and a brisket. Carcass values for all three pricing scenarios were calculated using the USDA Agriculture Marketing Service Carlot Report values from the weeks of April 5, 2013, to April 7, 2017. Value for the pork brisket was estimated based on relative value of the beef brisket compared to the beef shoulder clod (NAMP #114) resulting in a value of $2.485/kg for the pork brisket. Comparisons between fabrication styles and value of each side were made using a paired T-test. Whole bone-in loin yields of ALT carcasses were 6.23 units less (P < 0.0001) than DOM carcasses. Similarly, yields from trimmed and squared bellies of ALT carcasses were 0.83 units less than (P ≤ 0.01) DOM carcasses. In contrast, trimmed shoulders of ALT carcasses were 3.81 units greater (P < 0.0001) and hams were 3.39 units greater (P < 0.0001) than DOM carcasses. Despite reductions in yield of loins and bellies, ALT carcasses were numerically $1.29 (P = 0.17) and $0.66 (P = 0.56) more valuable than DOM carcasses in the 4 yr average and best pricing scenarios, respectively. Alternative-style carcasses were $1.99 (P = 0.03) more valuable than DOM carcass when using the most depressed pricing scenario. Fabricating pork carcasses using alternative-style specifications reduced the yield, and therefore the value, of the loin and belly compared with DOM carcasses. However, added value from the pork brisket and CT butt recuperated this value. Therefore, alternative-style fabrication methods may increase gross carcass value in some pricing scenarios.

scholarly journals Disclosure of Social-Economic Value in the Social Enterprise. Stimuli from an Italian Multiple Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Antonietta Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Case

The growing interest in the financial, social and environmental sustainability of all organizations as a whole, as well as the growing sentiment for their responsibility towards the community, lead organizations to face the challenge of evaluating and communicating their non-financial performance through the social accounting. The issue assumes a peculiar meaning within social enterprises (SEs) aimed at pursuing the general interest. In these organizations, the disclosure of the value created for both internal and social stakeholder raises to rank of survival condition because the development, reputation and credibility of the SEs are closely linked to the institution's ability to reach and communicate externally the social value created. This work aims to highlight the peculiar resources of the SEs and demonstrate that, in most cases, they allow SEs to achieve financial sustainability. Social and economic value will be assessed and the share of income that cannot be distributed, regardless of the relevant regulatory provisions, will be emphasized. To achieve these goals, a multiple case study is used to measure the value added distributed to internal and external stakeholders by adapting Mook model to SEs. The results show that volunteering and donations contribute not only to the social value generated by SEs but to their economic sustainability as well, being considered as the engine of development of the economic system as a whole. This paper contributes to the literature by focusing on the contribution of liberalities and volunteering to consolidate the financial structure of the SE and to development of the economic system as a whole.

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