Falls in Elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Tânia Patrícia Cabo Relíquias ◽  
Carmen Dolores Roque Agostinho ◽  
Maria do Céu Marques
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Elderly Inpatients ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Elderly

The objective of this chapter is to identify the risk factors and preponderant causes of falls in the hospital elderly inpatients. A survey on the search engines B-on, EBSCO, and Pubmed, followed by an analysis of the title and abstract is done. Afterwards, the authors analyze all the articles with full text available in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The most common risk factor for falls in the analyzed articles was being aged above 65 years old. More than half of the articles also mentioned intrinsic factors such as mental disorder, mobility disorder, and use of medication. As for extrinsic factors associated with risk of falls, most of the articles mentioned the characteristics of bed/chair and the obstacles associated with the physical/environmental infrastructures. The prevention strategies for this phenomenon must consider each country and care unit specifically as well as the specific characteristics of its patients, aiming to promote the care quality.

scholarly journals Faktor Resiko Jatuh pada Lansia di Unit Pelayanan Primer Puskesmas Medan Johor

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Vitri Rohima ◽  
Iwan Rusdi ◽  
Evi Karota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Extrinsic Factor ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Elderly

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Lansia merupakan tahap akhir pertumbuhan kehidupan manusia yang mengalami perubahan fisik maupun psikososial, dan salah satu aspek penting perubahan itu adalah resiko jatuh. Resiko jatuh pada lansia dipengaruhi oleh faktor intrinsik, faktor ekstrinsik, dan faktor situasional. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan resiko jatuh dengan kejadian jatuh pada klien lansia di Puskesmas Medan Johor. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif korelasi terhadap 70 responden lansia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner faktorfaktor penyebab resiko jatuh dan kejadian resiko jatuh pada klien lansia. Hasil: umumnya klien berusia 60-74 (51%), beragama Islam (81%), dan keluarga tinggal serumah lebih dari 2 orang 84%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor penyebab resiko jatuh lansia terutama dari faktor situasional 26%, faktor intrinsik 17% dan tidak ada dari faktor ekstrinsik (0%). Berdasarkan kejadian resiko jatuh pada lansia adalah 46% beresiko tinggi, 36% beresiko rendah, dan 18% tidak beresiko. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan dari faktor intrinsik p=0,000, faktor ekstrinsik p=0,000 dan faktor situasional p=0,004 terhadap kejadian resiko jatuh. Kesimpulan: faktor-faktor resiko jatuh berhubungan dengan kejadian jatuh pada klien lansia di Puskesmas Medan Johor. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pelayanan kesehatan khususnya pelayanan asuhan keperawatan untuk meningkatkan edukasi kepada klien lansia dan keluarganya tentang dengan resiko jatuh dan pelayanan kesehatan dapat melakukan pengembangan program kegiatan pencegahan resiko jatuh pada lansia.Kata Kunci: Lansia, resiko jatuh, kejadian resiko jatuhRisk for Full Factor among the Elders in Puskesmas Medan Johor ABSTRACTBackground: Elderly is a process of human life experiencing various physical and psychosocial changes, and one important aspect due to these changes is the risk of falling among the elders. It is influenced by intrinsic, extrinsic, and situational factors. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the risk of falls and the incidence of falls in elderly clients who visit to the Health Center. Method: This study is a descriptive study of correlation to 70 elderly people at the Puskesmas Medan Johor. The data were collected by using questionnaires of risk factors of fall and risk incidence of falls on the elders. Result: Demographic data are generally the elders aged 60-74 years (51%), Moslem (81%), family live at home more than 2 person (84%). The results of the study showed that the risk factor of falling elderly mainly from situational factor (26%), intrinsic factor (17%) and extrinsic factor (0%). Meanwhile, based on the risk incidence of falling on the elderly clients, the result is high risk (46%), low risk (36%), and no risk of fall (18%). The chi square test shows that there is significant correlation of intrinsic factor p=0.000, extrinsic factor p=0.000 and situational factor p=0.004 to fall risk event. Conclusion: There is a relationship between falling risk factors and the incidence of falls in elderly clients at the Puskesmas Medan Johor. This study provide recommendations for health services, especially nursing care services to provide education to elderly clients and their families related to the risk of falls in the elderly and the health centers can develop prevention programs to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.Keywords: Elderly, a risk factor for falling, the risk of falling

scholarly journals THE RISK OF FALLS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Toroptsova ◽  
A. Yu. Feklistov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper discusses the materials of investigations dealing with falls as an independent risk factor for fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It gives data on the incidence and possible risk factors of falls in this category of patients. According to the data obtained, the prevalence of falls in different countries varies from 10 to 50%, which may be related to differences in the methods of collecting information, and the relationship of the investigated factors with the risk of falls in patients with RA is uniquely unproven and calls for further investigations.

scholarly journals Nursing diagnosis Risk for Falls in the elderly in primary health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Fernandes dos Santos ◽  
Marina Morato Stival ◽  
Luciano Ramos de Lima ◽  
Walterlânia Silva Santos ◽  
Cris Renata Grou Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Falls In Elderly

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the Nursing Diagnosis (ND) Risk for Falls in elderly subjects in primary health care in the Federal District. Methods: a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted in two basic health units. Data collection included blood collection, nursing consultation and physical evaluation of 156 elderly subjects with chronic diseases. Results: the most prevalent intrinsic risk factors of NANDA-I were visual impairment (73.7%), impaired mobility (70.5%) and history of falls (69.9%); and extrinsic factors were the use of insufficient material in the bathroom (60.3%) and loose carpets (58.3%). The intrinsic factors that increased the risk for falls were the use of assistive devices (OR 3.50; p=0.030), impaired walking (OR 2.84; p=0.019) and cognitive impairment (OR 1.26; p=0.019); and the extrinsic factor was the use of loose rugs (OR 1.59; p=0.041). Conclusion: this ND has proved to be a valuable instrument for the identification of risk factors for falls in elderly subjects in primary care.

scholarly journals Recording of Falls in Elderly Fallers in Northern Greece and Evaluation of Aging Health-Related Factors and Environmental Safety Associated with Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Lytras ◽  
Evaggelos Sykaras ◽  
Paris Iakovidis ◽  
Konstantinos Kasimis ◽  
Ioannis Myrogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Elderly Falls

Background. Elderly falls constitute a global problem with huge social and economic aspects. Fall risk factors are both intrinsic (physical and psychological) and extrinsic (related with environmental safety). Aim. To record both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and their correlation in elderly fallers in order to suggest specific guidelines for their medical care and environmental modification inside and outside the home. Method. The study involved 150 elderly fallers (median age 70 (67-74)), who completed a record containing information on known risk factors related to their health status, as well as information on the conditions and causes that led to the fall. Each fall was considered an independent event, while measurements were performed regarding balance, strength, their functional ability, and the fear of a possible fall. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were used to record the health and activity status of the participants as well as the fall-related environmental factors. Severity of each fall event across a variety of locations was examined using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine the effect of the mean values of functional tests and medical records on the number of fall events. Results. In the span of 12 months, a total of 304 fall events were recorded. Regarding location, 77.6% occurred indoors; more frequent were the bedroom (28.6%) and the bathroom (28%). The interior stairs (10.5%), the kitchen (4.9%), and the living room (3.3%) were the less frequent locations. Concerning danger, falling on the interior stairs caused the longest hospitalization, followed by the kitchen and the bathroom. Extrinsic factors that led to both indoor and outdoor falls were the administration of psychotropic medication, poor space ergonomics, lack of basic safety standards, and poor lighting conditions. Vision problems and dizziness resulted in more falls than other intrinsic factors. Furthermore, reduced performance in the FICSIT-4 test and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, as well as high scores in the CONFbal–GREEK questionnaire and the Short FES-I, shows a linear relationship with an increased number of falls. Conclusions. Ergonomic interventions can help prevent indoor elderly falls. Poor construction and lack of adequate lighting mainly cause outdoor falls. Regular eye examinations, management of vertigo, improvement of the balance and strength of the lower limbs, and reduction of fear of impending falls are the intrinsic factors that help prevent falls the most.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: Emerging Role of Viral Hepatitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gina Gheorghe ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Vlad Ionescu ◽  
Gabriel Constantinescu ◽  
Nicolae Bacalbasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplastic diseases. The incidence and mortality rates of this disease vary depending on geographical area, which might be explained by the different exposure to risk factors. To improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, different approaches are needed for an earlier diagnosis. Identification of risk factors and implementation of screening strategies are essential for a better prognosis. Currently, the risk factors for pancreatic cancer fall into two broad categories, namely extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, a diet rich in saturated fats, and viral infections such as chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining how these hepatotropic viruses contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer are not fully elucidated. The common origin of hepatocytes and pancreatic cells in the multipotent endodermal cells, the common origin of the blood vessels and biliary ducts of the pancreas and the liver, or chronic inflammatory changes may be involved in this interaction. A careful monitoring of patients with viral liver infections may contribute to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and improve the prognosis of these patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors for falls in geriatric patients: a single institutional experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin ◽  
Asso Faraidoon Ali Amin ◽  
Saad Kazim Karim ◽  
Saad Suud Shwani ◽  
Raed Thandoon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Falls In Elderly

Background: In elderly people, falls have been recognized as one of the major causes of disability and potentially preventable mortality. Authors analyzed the incidence of falls in elderly diabetic people who have been receiving insulin therapy versus those on oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHGAs).Methods: This observational study was conducted at the department of neurology of Shorsh military general teaching hospital and its outpatients’ department, Iraq, from April 1st to September 30st, 2016. A total of 100 diabetic patients older than 65 years of age, who had a history of one or more falls, were included in the study. The duration of diabetes, mode of its treatment, and its complications all were analyzed in addition to the risk factors for falls.Results: Females (n=57) outnumbered males (n=43) and the mean age of the patients was (71.2±3.6) years. Increasing patient’s age, long-standing diabetes, poor glycaemic control, insulin therapy, and polypharmacy (of 3 and more antidiabetic agents) were significantly and statistically encountered and associated parameters for the risk of falls. The presence of additional risk factors for falls (e.g., previous stroke, alcoholism, cardiac dysrhythmia, and osteoarthrosis) augmented this risk.Conclusions: Diabetes and its treatment render older people more liable for falls. The longer duration of the disease and the higher patients’ age (which were the commonest risks) are irreversible and non-correctable parameters for falls. Further analytic studies are required to unveil the role of each risk factor authors have detected.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the risk of falls in hospitalized adult patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Lemes Lobo Bittencourt ◽  
Sandra Leontina Graube ◽  
Eniva Miladi Fernandes Stumm ◽  
Iara Denise Endruweit Battisti ◽  
Marli Maria Loro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract OBJECTIVE Analyzing factors related to the risk of falls in hospitalized adult patients. METHOD A cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study, developed in Clinical and Surgical Hospitalization Units from June to August 2015. Data collection instruments were sociodemographic and clinical forms, and the Morse Scale. Data were obtained with the patients and from medical records. Absolute and relative frequencies were used in the univariate statistical analysis, and chi-square test in the bivariate analysis. RESULTS 612 patients participated in the study. An association (p<0.001) was found between the high risk of falls and clinical neurological hospitalization, surgical trauma (hospitalization) and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, visual impairment, vertigo and fear of falling. CONCLUSION An association between the risk of falls was found due to hospitalization, comorbidities and intrinsic factors. Regarding extrinsic factors, an association between mats/carpets and risk of falls was found. No association between the risk of falls with other extrinsic factors was found.

scholarly journals Combining modifiable risk factors and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e022846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Peters ◽  
Andrew Booth ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Jean Peters ◽  
Catherine D’Este ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature relating to the impact of multiple co-occurring modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature relating to the impact of co-occurring key risk factors for incident cognitive decline and dementia. All abstracts and full text were screened independently by two reviewers and each article assessed for bias using a standard checklist. A fixed effects meta-analysis was undertaken.Data sourcesDatabases Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched from 1999 to 2017.Eligibility criteriaFor inclusion articles were required to report longitudinal data from participants free of cognitive decline at baseline, with formal assessment of cognitive function or dementia during follow-up, and an aim to examine the impact of additive or clustered comorbid risk factor burden in with two or more core modifiable risk factors.ResultsSeventy-nine full-text articles were examined. Twenty-two articles (18 studies) were included reporting data on >40 000 participants. Included studies consistently reported an increased risk associated with greater numbers of intraindividual risk factors or unhealthy behaviours and the opposite for healthy or protective behaviours. A meta-analysis of studies with dementia outcomes resulted in a pooled relative risk for dementia of 1.20 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.39) for one risk factor, 1.65 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.94) for two and 2.21 (95% CI 1.78 to 2.73) for three or more, relative to no risk factors. Limitations include dependence on published results and variations in study outcome, cognitive assessment, length of follow-up and definition of risk factor exposure.ConclusionsThe strength of the reported associations, the consistency across studies and the suggestion of a dose response supports a need to keep modifiable risk factor exposure to a minimum and to avoid exposure to additional modifiable risks. Further research is needed to establish whether particular combinations of risk factors confer greater risk than others.PROSPERO registration number42016052914.

scholarly journals Indicators of sarcopenia and their relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors relating to falls among active elderly women

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Laura Rossetin ◽  
Elisangela Valevein Rodrigues ◽  
Luiza Herminia Gallo ◽  
Darla Silvério Macedo ◽  
Maria Eliana Madalozzo Schieferdecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors

Abstract Introduction: Musculoskeletal aging can impair functional performance increasing the risk of falls. Objective: To analyze the correlation between sarcopenia and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors involved in falls among community-dwelling elderly women. Method: A cross-sectional study evaluated the number of falls of 85 active community-dwelling elderly women in the previous year and then divided them into two groups: non-fallers (n=61) and fallers (n=24). The sarcopenia indicators assessed were gait speed (GS, 10m); handgrip strength (HS); calf circumference; appendicular muscle mass index (DXA). Intrinsic factors: Mental State Examination (MSE); visual acuity; depression (GDS-30); hip , knee (Lequesne) and ankle/foot (FAOS) pain/function; vestibular function (Fukuda test); functional mobility and risk of falls (TUG); power (sitting and standing five times); gait (treadmill); fear of falling (FES-I-Brazil). Extrinsic factors: risk/security features in homes. The independent t test was applied for comparisons between groups and the Pearson and Spearman tests were used for correlations (p<0.05). Results: There was a moderate correlation between HS and GS in non-fallers (r=0.47; p=0.001) and fallers (r= 0.54; p=0.03). There was a moderate negative correlation (r= -0.52; p=0.03) between FES-I-Brazil and gait cadence in fallers. There was a greater presence of stairs (p=0.001) and throw rugs (p=0.03) in the homes of fallers than non-fallers. Conclusion: The elderly women were not sarcopenic. Elderly fallers presented inferior gait cadence and a greater fear of falling. Residential risks were determining factors for falls, and were more relevant than intrinsic factors in the evaluation of falls among active community-dwelling elders.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of ACL Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuthan Jagadeesh ◽  
Sachindra Kapadi ◽  
Venkatesh Deva ◽  
Ankur Kariya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

An anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is one of the major stabilizers of the knee joint, injury to which can be quite dreadful even ending many sports careers if not properly treated. Knowledge of the risk factors contributing to ACL injury will help in identifying at-risk individuals and develop preventive strategies. The factors contributing to ACL injury are multi-factorial involving biomechanical, anatomical, hormonal, neuromuscular factors etc; and can be broadly classified as Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are mostly non-modifiable risk factors may be subdivided into anatomical, genetic, gender, previous ACL Injuries etc . Whereas Extrinsic factors are mostly modifiable risk factors include environmental factors, characteristic of surface and shoe, BMI and others. Anatomical risk factors can divided into tibial parameters like posterior tibial slope, medial tibial plateau depth etc ; femoral parameters like notch width, notch index etc.

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