Artificial Intelligence and Human-Robot Teaming

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Xuefei (Nancy) Deng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Team Setting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Team Trust

Artificial Intelligence or AI is the theory and development of computer systems that can think and act humanly and rationally. AI is gradually transforming our work and life. Along with the increasing presence of robots in our lives arises the fear that AI may take away human jobs. Debates or worries notwithstanding, AI and robots are increasingly brought into the teams of human workers, but our understanding of this emerging human-robot teaming phenomenon remains limited. This chapter presents a brief overview of AI and discusses the relationship between AI and knowledge management. Moreover, it focuses on understanding key issues arising in the collaboration between human and intelligent agents (i.e. robots) in the team setting, and coping strategies and design considerations. This chapter also discusses the value sensitive design framework as a useful tool for incorporating the values of agent transparency and team trust into the design of human-robotic systems. The chapter concludes with the new perspective of augmented intelligence and promising avenues for future research.

The Effects of Child and Adult Victimization on Psychological Distress: A Mediated Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 107780121988518
Author(s):  
Amanda Dishon-Brown ◽  
Seana Golder ◽  
Tanya Renn ◽  
TK Logan ◽  
George E. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Justice-involved women experience significantly higher rates of victimization and psychological distress, and these experiences place women at greater risk of initial and ongoing involvement in the criminal justice system. This research explored the relationship between victimization, the hypothesized mediators (social support and coping), and psychological distress among a sample of 406 victimized women on probation/parole. Results of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were significant and indicated a partial mediation model (74%) with both direct and indirect effects. Based upon the results of this research, implications and future research are explored regarding gender-responsive practices for this population.

scholarly journals Association of Optimism and Perceived Stress among Young Adults

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Joshi ◽  
Pragya Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Optimism is a part of positive psychology which leads to better adaptive and coping skills and reduced stress level in an individual. The aim of the present research was to study the association of optimism and perceived stress among young adults. The sample consisted of 170 young adults (79 males and 91 females) within the age range of 18 to 25 years. Purposive sampling technique was employed for collecting the data. The Perceived stress scale-10 (PSS; Cohen, Kamarack & Marmelstein, 1983) and Life Orientation Test- Revised (Scheir, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) was used for measuring perceived stress and optimism respectively. Correlation and t-test was found using IBM SPSS software. Findings suggested that optimism was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Females were found to score significantly higher on perceived stress levels than males. While the gender difference in optimism level was reported to be insignificant. Future research needs to be conducted on the relationship between gender and levels of optimism.

scholarly journals Effect of Teamwork on Employee Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Raheel Manzoor ◽  
Hafiz Ullah ◽  
Murad Hussain ◽  
Zulqarnain Muhammad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Team Trust

Abstract This research study analyzes the effect of teamwork on employee performance about the staff members of Higher Education Department of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa (KPK), Peshawar Province of Pakistan. Several measures of employee performance were analyzed including esprit de corps, team trust and recognition and rewards. There is clear evidence that teamwork and other measures of employee performance are positively related with employee performance. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed within the Directorate of Higher Education, (KPK) Peshawar, including four Government Degree Colleges (GDC’s) of boys and girls located in Peshawar and Kohat area. The research study uses regression and correlation techniques in order to analyze the relationship between two variables that is Teamwork and Employee Performance. The result of the study shows that there is a significant positive impact of predictors on the response variable. The study recommends that to adapt teamwork activities in order to enhance the employee performance. Future research areas have also been indicated in this study. Keywords:      Employee performance, teamwork, team trust, esprit de corps & recognition & rewards

Corporate social irresponsibility: humans vs artificial intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristijan Krkač
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Corporate Social Irresponsibility ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The supposedly radical development of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions regarding the moral responsibility of it. In the sphere of business, they are translated into questions about AI and business ethics (BE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpos of this study is to conceptually reformulate these questions from the point of view of two possible aspect-changes, namely, starting from corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) and starting not from AIs incapability for responsibility but from its ability to imitate human CSR without performing typical human CSI. Design/methodology/approach The author draws upon the literature and his previous works on the relationship between AI and human CSI. This comparison aims to remodel the understanding of human CSI and AIs inability to be CSI. The conceptual remodelling is offered by taking a negative view on the relation. If AI can be made not to perform human-like CSI, then AI is at least less CSI than humans. For this task, it is necessary to remodel human and AI CSR, but AI does not have to be CSR. It is sufficient that it can be less CSI than humans to be more CSR. Findings The previously suggested remodelling of basic concepts in question leads to the conclusion that it is not impossible for AI to act or operate more CSI then humans simply by not making typical human CSIs. Strictly speaking, AI is not CSR because it cannot be responsible as humans can. If it can perform actions with a significantly lesser amount of CSI in comparison to humans, it is certainly less CSI. Research limitations/implications This paper is only a conceptual remodelling and a suggestion of a research hypothesis. As such, it implies particular morality, ethics and the concepts of CSI and AI. Practical implications How this remodelling could be done in practice is an issue of future research. Originality/value The author delivers the paper on comparison between human and AI CSI which is not much discussed in literature.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Coping Strategies in a Sample of Siblings of People With and Without Intellectual Disability: The Mediating Role of Sibling Relationship Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Dawid K. Scigala ◽  
Matteo A. Fabris ◽  
Claudio Longobardi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The quality of sibling relationships is an important factor in the development of individuals, particularly in the context of a relationship with a brother or sister with disabilities. Aims: This research aims to assess the moderating role of the quality of the relationship with siblings between personality traits and coping strategies. Methods: The participants were 187 adults, of whom 97(51.9%) were Individuals with brothers or sisters with intellectual disabilities (S-IDs), aged 18 to 60 years (M=30.22; SD=12.17). The second group was 90 (48.1%) Individuals with typical developmental siblings (S-TDs) aged 18 to 76 years (M=28.56; SD=11.66). Respondents completed the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Coping Orientation to Problem Experiences (COPE), and the Adult Sibling Relationships Questionnaire (ASRQ). Results: The data show a correlation between personality traits and coping strategies. In addition, the size of the ASRQ was found to moderate the relationship between personality traits and coping strategies, albeit in a different way between the two groups. Conclusion: The quality of the reality with brothers or sisters turns out to be an important factor in the development, and it is found to mediate the relationship between personality traits and the development of coping strategies, both in S-TDs and S-IDs, presenting similarities and differences. Future research guidelines have been discussed.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PROGRESS IN COMPUTER SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Maksym Staskiv
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
English Language ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
University Of Munich ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The review examines the content and main problems of the English-language monograph of the German scientist and philosopher, President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, founder of the Munich Center for Social Technologies (MCTS), Honorary Professor of the Technical University of Munich, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the Univercity of Tübingen Klaus Mainzer. The author covers a range of issues related to the history of the formation and development of artificial intelligence, the reasons for society’s unwillingness to integrate machines into society, the relationship of artificial intelligence with human values, ethics and security, and what awaits humanity in the future. One of the key issues in the book is the relationship between artificial intelligence and the ethics of responsibility, as well as ensuring personal rights and freedoms while actively expanding the sphere of influence of artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Aly
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The entire world is now witnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is indeed altering the lives of the many in both developing and developed countries. Massive digital transformations are affecting the economies of those countries and are bringing with them many promised merits, as well as many challenges to face. This paper aims to examine the relationship between digital transformation (as a one facet of the fourth revolution and AI trends) on one side, and economic development, labor productivity and employment on the other side. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes different indices of digital transformation, and then uses the Digital Evolution Index (DEI) to study those relationships in a group of developing countries using feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS). Findings The results show a positive relationship between the digital transformation index and economic development, labor productivity and job employment. Females seem to gain more from digital transformation compared to males, as suggested by the positive relation with the first and the insignificant relation with the latter. The relationship with vulnerable employment is not significant; more evidence is still needed to judge whether digital transformation will have an impact upon the vulnerable employees in the economy. Research limitations/implications The paper focused on the impact of digital transformation upon total aggregate employment. Future research is still needed to examine the impact upon the structure of the labor market and the shift of occupations. Originality/value The paper aims to add to in the literature regarding the relationship between digital transformation, economic development, employment and productivity in the developing world. The implications of those relationships are of significant importance to policymakers regarding how much support should be given to encourage the digital transformation. At the same time, it shall also indicate how much social support policies are required – if any – to lessen the negative impact of digital transformation on the vulnerable groups inside the country. Another contribution is using a single composite index for digital transformation that is comparable across the chosen set of developing countries, instead of using single indices each capturing a different dimension of digital transformation.

Curvilinear relationship between intra-team trust and team innovation: the moderating role of task complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidajat Hendarsjah ◽  
Ely Susanto ◽  
Bambang Riyanto Lies Sugianto ◽  
Tarsisius Hani Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Task Complexity ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Team Trust

Purpose This paper aims to identify the relationship pattern between intra-team trust and team innovation and the influence of moderating variable task complexity on the relationship. It also describes why and how intra-team trust is a unique antecedent for team innovation, as too much or too less influence of the variable can have detrimental effects on team innovation. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses survey research. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires to work teams. After the individual-level data were aggregated into team-level data, hierarchical linier regression was conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings The paper provides empirical findings that (1) intra-team trust and team innovation have a curvilinear relationship pattern, (2) task complexity does not influence curvilinear relationship (3) and the increase in task complexity improves the possibility of team innovation to occur. Research limitations/implications The paper has two limitations. First, as intra-team trust was also represented by aggregated perception of team members’ trust for outside parties (not only members’ perception for their teams), the future research is expected to include the representation in the instrument. Second, recent research studies have shown that contextual factor of task interdependence, instead of task complexity, also had an effect on the relationship pattern between intra-team trust and team performance (i.e. team innovation). Therefore, for future researchers, it is suggested that the use of task interdependence would be an alternative moderating variable on the relationship between intra-team trust and team innovation. Practical implications The paper discusses the strategy to enhance team innovation by revealing strategies to manage interplay among intra-team trust, team complexity and the desired team innovation. Originality/value The paper identifies the need to conduct empirical research on how an interplay among intra-team trust, task complexity and team innovation could be enabled.

scholarly journals Association of Optimism and Perceived Stress among Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Joshi ◽  
Pragya Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Optimism is a part of positive psychology which leads to better adaptive and coping skills and reduced stress level in an individual. The aim of the present research was to study the association of optimism and perceived stress among young adults. The sample consisted of 170 young adults (79 males and 91 females) within the age range of 18 to 25 years. Purposive sampling technique was employed for collecting the data. The Perceived stress scale-10 (PSS; Cohen, Kamarack & Marmelstein, 1983) and Life Orientation Test- Revised (Scheir, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) was used for measuring perceived stress and optimism respectively. Correlation and t-test was found using IBM SPSS software. Findings suggested that optimism was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Females were found to score significantly higher on perceived stress levels than males. While the gender difference in optimism level was reported to be insignificant. Future research needs to be conducted on the relationship between gender and levels of optimism.

scholarly journals Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques inGreen/Smart Buildings.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rodriguez-Gracia ◽  
Maria de las Mercedes Capobianco-Uriarte ◽  
Eduardo Teran-Yepez ◽  
Jose Piedra-Fernandez ◽  
Luis Iribarne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intelligent Buildings ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The many benefits offered by green or smart buildings have led to an increase in their construction. In turn, this growth has been accompanied by a rapid evolution of research on this topic. Thus, given the specialist interest, research on the use of artificial intelligence in this type of construction has been gaining space. This topic, although still novel, due to its current and future importance requires a literature review to identify the main actors, evaluate the past and establish future lines of research. The results based on 174 manuscripts detected in Web of Science and Scopus databases allow us to establish the main authors, institutions, countries and journals as well as the seminal papers in this field. Furthermore, through a keywords co-occurrence analysis this study identifies some of the topics that have received most interest in the past as well as some promising future research trends. This bibliometric study analyzes the relationship between the main clusters DML&B (Deep - Machine Learning and Building Constructions) by means of a detailed description of the fundamental concepts identified in the content analysis. It is complemented by a temporal keyword analysis focusing on the economic, social and environmental benefits obtained through green or intelligent buildings. Consequently, this research contributes to the literature by providing an overview of the past and current status of this field, as well as by opening future research lines.

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