Consumer Behavior and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction

2022 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Ana Nery Rodrigues Carneiro ◽  
João Conrado de Amorim Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Consumption Habits

This chapter aims to present the motivational factors that determine the behavior of beer consumers. The research considered the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that men consume and spend more on beer than women, including by age group; however, women consume more expensive types of beer, reducing this inequality relatively. It was also found that women are more likely to be influenced by their relatives, friends, and social occasions. As for preference, women showed more interest in light beers than men, especially craft beer. It has also been found that differences in preferences between men and women are narrowing as opportunities to try beer increase. In this sense, younger age groups tend to show fewer differences. It was also observed that, during the period of social isolation, consumption habits were maintained, but purchases took place through a delivery system, which affected the performance of bars and restaurants.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetes in the adult population of Novosibirsk

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Mustafina ◽  
Oksana D. Rymar ◽  
Sofiya K. Malyutina ◽  
Diana V. Denisova ◽  
Liliya V. Shcherbakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Aims. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups of the adult population of Novosibirsk, according to epidemiological studies in 20032005 and 20132016. Methods. We examined a representative population sample (assessed in 20032005) of men and women aged 4569 years in two administrative districts of Novosibirsk, as a part of the international HAPIEE project. According to the tables of random numbers, representative samples of men and women aged 4569 years were formed, to which letters were sent, inviting them to pass for examination. During 20132016, a second population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of a population of 2544-year-olds of both sexes. Participants were residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (diabetes: FPG 7.0 mmol/l; IFG: FPG 6.16.9 mmol/l). Results. The prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 4569 years was 11.3%, and overall, no significant difference in prevalence was found between females and males (11.3% vs. 11.0%). However, the overall prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 2544 years was 2.2%, and prevalence was higher in men (3.5%) than in women (1.1%), p 0.05. High prevalence of IFG was found in the 4569 age group (18.2%, in 20032005), and in the younger age group of 2544 years (21.6%, in 20132016). The high rate among young individuals is particularly alarming. Less than one half (4.8 out of 11.3%) of participants aged 4569 tested positive for T2DM, and only one in the age group 2544 years knew he/she had diabetes. This indicates a lack of knowledge among Siberians about their problem with diabetes. Conclusion. Approximately one in five adults had IFG. Among the adult population aged 4569 (in 20032005), 18.2% had IFG and 11.3% had T2DM. In individuals aged 2544 years in 20132016, IFG was observed in 21.6%, and 2.2% had T2DM (p0.05).

scholarly journals Male and Female Trajectories of Social Isolation in Russia from 1994 To 2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Valery V Gafarov ◽  
◽  
Panov DO ◽  
Gromova EA ◽  
Krymov EA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Close Contacts

Purpose: To determine gender differences in trends of social support levels in an open population aged 25-64 years over long-term period - 23 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1994-95 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n = 1527, 43% males, mean age 44.85 ± 0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34,9% males, mean age 54,25±0,2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43,8% males, mean age 34,5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 гг.( n=663, 41,3% years 51,95±0,32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. АААА-А17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Social support is assessed using the Berkman-Syme scale. The index of close contacts (ICC) and social networks (SNI) was assessed. Results: In 1994, a high prevalence of a low level of close contacts was established in an open population of 25-64 years, more pronounced among men compared with women (62% vs 56.8%). In 2003 and 2013, there was a trend towards a decrease in the frequency of the low close contact index to 46-50%, although the ICC levels did not differ by gender. In 2017, on the contrary, women were 14.4% more likely to show a lack of close contacts compared to men, especially in the 45-54 age group, where the low ICC rate exceeded the 1994 level. The prevalence of low SNI in an open population of 25-64 years in 1994 was similar for men and women and was 77%. In 2003-2005, women in older age groups showed a slight increase in the frequency of low SNI levels up to 80.1%. By 2013, a downward trend in the frequency of low SNI among young age groups of both sexes was established, but this trend turned out to be unstable, and after a short period of time the SNI indicators returned to the 1994 levels. Conclusion: In the period 1994-2005, a high level of social isolation among men and women was determined in the open population. By 2017, the clear trend in the increase in the level of social interactions changed to a negative side, especially among women in the 45-54 age group.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Levels and Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in the Population of Residents of the Central Region of Siberia Aged 25–45 Years

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
N. A. Kovalkova ◽  
Yu. I. Ragino ◽  
A. D. Hudyakovа ◽  
D. V. Denisova ◽  
M. I. Voevoda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Two Age Groups

Purpose:to study blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension in persons aged 25–45 years in Novosibirsk.Materials and methods.A cross-sectional population study in one of typical areas of Novosibirsk was performed in 2013–2016. The study included 479 men and 612 women aged 25–45 years. Arterial hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140 / 90 mmHg according to Russian recommendations (2004). For analysis two age groups were distinguished: 25–34 years and 35–45 years.Results.Mean values of systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower in women than in men in age groups. In men and women, the analyzed indicators were significantly higher in the older than in the younger age group. Mean values of pulse pressure in men were significantly higher than in women in both age groups, there were no differences in the analyzed index between age groups in either men or women. Optimal BP was more often recorded among women than among men in both age groups. The proportion of persons with normal BP among men was grate than among women in both age groups. In the age group 35–45 years compared with the younger group, in men there was a decrease in incidence of category with BP<140 / 90 mmHg, an increase of the proportion of persons with hypertension grades 1 and 2, the appearance of persons with grade 3 hypertension; in women – an increase of the proportion of individuals with normal, high-normal BP, and with grade 1 hypertension, appearance of individuals with grades 2 and 3 hypertension. Frequency of BP categories ≥140 / 90 mmHg in age group 25–34 years among men was 17.6 %, among women 3.1 % (p<0.0001); in age group 35–45 years among men – 34.7 %, among women – 12.5 % (p<0.0001).Conclusions.Prevalence of hypertension in men was 28 %, in women – 9 %. Favorable tendencies of BP indicators in both sexes were revealed over a 30-year period, while gender differences did not change.

scholarly journals Comparison of Prevalence of Periodontitis with Different Indices in Population of District Ghaziabad

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 023-030
Author(s):  
Vimal Kumar ◽  
Pallak Arora ◽  
Manish Khatri ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Sumit Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

SATU UNTUK TIGA : HUNIAN MULTIGENERASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Musselina Oktavanya Widiyanto ◽  
Nina Carina
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Senior Housing ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
Architectural Programming ◽  
Space Concept

Dwelling is an essential form of conscious human activity. The form, aesthetics or beauty, and organization of environment that build become part of how a person lives. The concept of dwelling itself closely related to time and space. Therefore, the concept may shift or replaced according to the phenomena that occurred during the period of time. It is the same thing that we feel today in the presence of COVID – 19. Newly promoted health protocols, such as social isolation creates domino effect. Outdoor activities must be carried out in the dwelling, causing the shelter to need a place to accommodate these new needs. This also creates new problems with the existence of various age groups in one family. With the aim of creating a family ecosystem in one dwelling based on issue of social isolation that interferes with how to interact, the Architectural Programming (Cherry, 2009) method are applied and also points from MASS : Designing senior housing for safe interaction (2020). The application of this method produces programs that suit the needs of each age group in a family as well as paying attention to initial issue, in this case social isolation. One for Three: Multigenerational House is a new shared space concept that combines the needs of three generation and attention to safe interaction in social isolation. In addition, One for Three: Multi-generational House retains the value of independence and identity in all group of age.  Keywords : group of age; multigeneration; safe interaction; shared space; social isolationAbstrak Berhuni merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan manusia secara sadar yang esensial. Bentuk, estetika, dan organisasi lingkungan binaan semuanya menjadi bagian dari bagaimana seseorang tinggal. Konsep berhuni memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan waktu dan ruang. Oleh karena itu, konsepnya akan tergeser atau digantikan sesuai dengan fenomena yang terjadi pada kurun waktu yang dimaksud. Sama hal nya yang kita rasakan saat ini yaitu adanya COVID – 19. Protokol kesehatan yang baru digalakan seperti sosial isolation dan menimbulkan efek domino. Kegiatan outdoor harus dilakukan di dalam hunian sehingga menyebabkan hunian memerlukan tempat untuk menampung kebutuhan baru tersebut. Hal ini juga menimbulkan masalah baru dengan adanya kelompok usia yang bervariasi pada satu keluarga. Dengan tujuan menciptakan ekosistem keluarga dalam satu hunian berdasarkan isu terhadap social isolation yang mengganggu cara berinteraksi, maka diterapkan metode Architectural Programming (Cherry, 2009) dan poin dari MASS : Designing senior housing for safe interaction (2020). Penerapan metode ini kemudian menghasilkan program yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan setiap kelompok usia dalam suatu keluarga, serta memperhatikan isu awal yaitu social isolation. Satu untuk Tiga : Hunian Multigenerasi merupakan konsep berhuni shared space yang baru dengan menyatukan kebutuhan tiga generasi dan memperhatikan poin safe interaction in social isolation. Selain itu, . Satu untuk Tiga : Hunian Multigenerasi tetap mempertahankan nilai kemandirian dan identitas pada segala usia. 

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Technical Throwing Skills on Nomination Status in Youth and Long-Term Career Attainment in Handball

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Koopmann ◽  
Franziska Lath ◽  
Dirk Büsch ◽  
Jörg Schorer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Research on talent in sports aims to identify predictors of future performance. This study retrospectively investigated 1) relationships between young handball field players’ technical throwing skills and (a) their potential nomination to youth national teams and (b) their long-term career attainment 10 years later, and 2) associations between nomination status and career attainment. Results Results from retrospectively predicting nomination status and career attainment using logistic regression analyses show that technical throwing skills were partly able to explain players’ nomination status (Nagelkerke R2: females 9.2%, males 13.1%) and career attainment (Nagelkerke R2: 9.8% for female players). Here, variables throwing velocity and time on exercise showed statistically significant effects. In addition, nomination status and career attainment were shown to be associated using chi-square tests (w of .37 and .23 for female and male players, respectively) and nomination status as a predictor increased the prediction of career attainment remarkably (Nagelkerke R2: females 20.3%, males 12.7%). Conclusions Given these results, basic technical throwing skills may serve rather as a prerequisite in this age group on national level, emphasizing its importance already on lower levels and in younger age groups. Furthermore, advantages from entering the national TID system early especially for females are discussed.

scholarly journals Personal Digital Health Assistants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Uday Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Working Day

The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY. Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant. Responsibility at work increased up to 58.2% and 54.5%, respectively in dynamics among young men and women. In 2016-17, the perception of responsibility at the workplace returned to the semblance of 1988 without gender differences. Regarding changes in the workplace, in 1988, the most frequent were "change of salary" and "change of workplace" for both sexes. Men more often than women indicated conflicts with their superiors and subordinates. In 2013, the change of workplace was reported more often than changes in salary (especially in the youngest group of 25-34 years old) but in 2017 these answers correlated with each other, amounting to 11-12%. No gender differences were observed. In 2013-16, share of men and women who reduced their workload increased to 20%. This proportion decreased in 2016-17. And the trend towards an increase in workload at the workplace moved at a faster pace, especially among middle-aged and older men. The proportion of women who cannot relax and rest after usual working day in the period from 1988 to 2013-16 was stable at 38-39%; but by 2016-2017 it decreased by a third. The proportion of such men has been growing over 29 years and began to exceed women by 10% in 2016-17. Conclusions: Both genders began to perform additional work tasks more often and to assess their responsibility at work as high over 29 years of observations. There is a trend towards eliminating of sex differences.

scholarly journals Age and sex variation in visceral adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Pallavi Panchu ◽  
Biju Bahuleyan ◽  
Rose Babu ◽  
Vineetha Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Pattern

Background: Adipose tissue mainly visceral fat is said to be harmful and acts as a harbinger of metabolic disorders. A changing trend is seen in the recent decades with decreasing incidence of metabolic disorders in men even though visceral fat is said to be higher in them. Sex hormones may influence the deposition pattern of adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to observe effects of age on visceral fat and to know if the difference in gender pattern of fat distribution is maintained throughout life or disappears after menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Thrissur on 385 apparently healthy subjects using Omron body composition analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. The tests employed were NOVA, independent samples t-test.Results: In each age group, men had significantly higher visceral fat than females. As age increased, visceral fat increased significantly in both genders. In each group, except for younger age groups, VF levels were equal in men and women.Conclusions: Visceral fat is higher in men and this difference is seen in all age groups. As age increases, visceral fat levels also increased in men and women. The distribution of visceral fat is such that a greater number of men have high to very high levels at a younger age group, a feature observed in women only in the peri and post-menopausal age. Adoption of an active lifestyle coupled with healthy diet should protect against onset of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Monitoring HIV Epidemic in Pregnant Women: Are the Current Measures Enough?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Purva Sarkate ◽  
Supriya Paranjpe ◽  
Nayana Ingole ◽  
Preeti Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Program Data ◽  
Local Levels

Introduction. Burden of HIV in pregnant women follows overall epidemic in India. Hence, it is imperative that prevalence calculations in this group be accurate. The present study was carried out to determine prevalence of HIV in pregnant women attending our hospital, to determine trend of HIV infection and to compare our results with reported prevalence. Methods. All pregnant women are routinely counselled for HIV testing using opt-out strategy. Year-wise positivity and trend were determined in these patients over a period of five years. The positivity in different age groups was determined. Results. 31,609 women were tested of which 279 (0.88%) were positive. Positivity showed a declining trend over study period and significant quadratic trend (biphasic, P<0.05) was observed. The positivity in older age group ≥35 years (1.64%) was significantly more than younger age groups (0.76% in 15–24-year and 0.94% in 25–34-year age group) (P=0.0052). Conclusion. A significant decline in HIV positivity was seen over the study period. Taking into account heterogeneous nature of HIV epidemic even within the same district, analysis at local levels especially using the prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV program data is critical for HIV programming and resource allocation.

Ontogeny of neonatal pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. H684-H690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Tod ◽  
K. Yoshimura ◽  
L. J. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Previously we reported that pulmonary vascular pressure gradients determined by vascular occlusion varied as a function of neonatal age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood flow on pressure gradients during normoxia (inspired O2 28%) and hypoxia (inspired O2 4.2%) in isolated, indomethacin-treated lungs obtained from lambs at less than 1, 2-4, 12-14, and 30-32 days of age (n = 6 at each age). The total pulmonary pressure gradient was partitioned into pressure gradients across relatively indistensible arteries and veins and relatively compliant vessels in the middle region (delta Pm) by inflow and outflow occlusions at flows of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ml.kg-1.min-1. During normoxia, lungs from lambs less than 1 day of age had significantly greater pressures at each flow than lungs from older lambs, due primarily to a significantly greater delta Pm in this age group. During hypoxia, the greatest vasoconstriction occurred in the youngest group, also due mostly to an increased delta Pm. This enhanced response to hypoxia in the younger age groups was due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; without indomethacin treatment, the older age groups had a greater hypoxic pressor response than the younger groups. The arterial vascular resistance at all ages was relatively constant as a function of blood flow during both normoxia and hypoxia, whereas the total and middle vascular resistances generally decreased as a function of flow. The venous resistance initially decreased and then was constant. These results suggest that the neonatal pulmonary circulation h as a fixed arterial resistance, a slightly distensible venous region at low flows, and a more distensible middle region.

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