scholarly journals Male and Female Trajectories of Social Isolation in Russia from 1994 To 2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Valery V Gafarov ◽  
◽  
Panov DO ◽  
Gromova EA ◽  
Krymov EA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Close Contacts

Purpose: To determine gender differences in trends of social support levels in an open population aged 25-64 years over long-term period - 23 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1994-95 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n = 1527, 43% males, mean age 44.85 ± 0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34,9% males, mean age 54,25±0,2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43,8% males, mean age 34,5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 гг.( n=663, 41,3% years 51,95±0,32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. АААА-А17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Social support is assessed using the Berkman-Syme scale. The index of close contacts (ICC) and social networks (SNI) was assessed. Results: In 1994, a high prevalence of a low level of close contacts was established in an open population of 25-64 years, more pronounced among men compared with women (62% vs 56.8%). In 2003 and 2013, there was a trend towards a decrease in the frequency of the low close contact index to 46-50%, although the ICC levels did not differ by gender. In 2017, on the contrary, women were 14.4% more likely to show a lack of close contacts compared to men, especially in the 45-54 age group, where the low ICC rate exceeded the 1994 level. The prevalence of low SNI in an open population of 25-64 years in 1994 was similar for men and women and was 77%. In 2003-2005, women in older age groups showed a slight increase in the frequency of low SNI levels up to 80.1%. By 2013, a downward trend in the frequency of low SNI among young age groups of both sexes was established, but this trend turned out to be unstable, and after a short period of time the SNI indicators returned to the 1994 levels. Conclusion: In the period 1994-2005, a high level of social isolation among men and women was determined in the open population. By 2017, the clear trend in the increase in the level of social interactions changed to a negative side, especially among women in the 45-54 age group.

Consumer Behavior and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction

2022 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Ana Nery Rodrigues Carneiro ◽  
João Conrado de Amorim Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Consumption Habits

This chapter aims to present the motivational factors that determine the behavior of beer consumers. The research considered the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that men consume and spend more on beer than women, including by age group; however, women consume more expensive types of beer, reducing this inequality relatively. It was also found that women are more likely to be influenced by their relatives, friends, and social occasions. As for preference, women showed more interest in light beers than men, especially craft beer. It has also been found that differences in preferences between men and women are narrowing as opportunities to try beer increase. In this sense, younger age groups tend to show fewer differences. It was also observed that, during the period of social isolation, consumption habits were maintained, but purchases took place through a delivery system, which affected the performance of bars and restaurants.

scholarly journals Social Support and the Risk of Hypertension in an Open Population in Russia/ Siberia (Who Monica-Psychosocial Program)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Valery Gafarov ◽  
◽  
EA Gromova ◽  
DO Panov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Open Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Screening Survey ◽  
Close Contacts

Purpose: To study the impact of social support (indices of close contacts and social netwotks) on the risk of arterial hypertension (AH) in an open population of 25-64 years in Novosibirsk. Methods: A random representative sample of the population of both sexes of 25-64 years old in Novosibirsk in 1994 (men: n = 657 44.3 ± 0.4 years response - 82.1% women: n = 689 45.4 ± 0.4 years response - 72.5%). The screening survey program included: registration of socio-demographic data determination of the level of social support (ICC - index of close contacts SNI - index of social networks). The period of prospective follow-up of participants was 16 years. Results: In the open population of 25-64 years low rates of ICC and SNI were in 62% and 43.5% of men and 56.8% and 33.9% of women. During the first 5 years the risk of hypertension in men and women with a low ICC was the same in men HR = 2.063 (95% CI 1.019-5.213 p <0.05) and women with HR = 2.009 (95% CI 1.025- 3.938 p <0.05). The increase in the risk of AH in persons with low SNI over 5 years was higher in men in 5.9 (95% CI 1.278-8.361 p <0.05) times 10 years later the risk of developing AH in women 25-64 was 1.884 (95% CI 1.09-3.255 p <0.05). The risk of hypertension was highest among men: never married divorced and widowed with low ICC and SNI. Among women at risk were widowed women with low ICC as well as women with primary education with low ICC and SNI. Conclusion: Low level of social support increased the risk of AH in men and women.

scholarly journals Empowerment among adult patients with type 2 diabetes: age differentials in relation to person-centred primary care, community resources, social support and other life-contextual circumstances

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Simonsen ◽  
Anne M. Koponen ◽  
Sakari Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Younger Adults

Abstract Background Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), also among younger adults, constitutes a growing public health challenge. According to the person-centred Chronic Care Model, proactive care and self-management support in combination with community resources enhance quality of healthcare and health outcomes for patients with T2D. However, research is scarce concerning the importance of person-centred care and community resources for such outcomes as empowerment, and the relative impact of various patient support sources for empowerment is not known. Moreover, little is known about the association of age with these variables in this patient-group. This study, carried out among patients with T2D, examined in three age-groups (27–54, 55–64 and 65–75 years) whether person-centred care and diabetes-related social support, including community support and possibilities to influence community health issues, are associated with patient empowerment, when considering possible confounding factors, such as other quality of care indicators and psychosocial wellbeing. We also explored age differentials in empowerment and in the proposed correlates of empowerment. Method Individuals from a register-based sample with T2D participated in a cross-sectional survey (participation 56%, n = 2866). Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Respondents in the youngest age-group were more likely to have low empowerment scores, less continuity of care, and lower wellbeing than the other age-groups, and to perceive less social support, but a higher level of person-centred care than the oldest group. Community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, was independently and consistently associated with high empowerment in all three age-groups, as was person-centred care in the two older age-groups. Community support was the social support variable with the strongest association with empowerment across age-groups. Moreover, vitality was positively and diabetes-related distress negatively associated with high empowerment in all age-groups, whereas continuity of care, i.e. having a family/regular nurse, was independently associated in the youngest age-group only. Conclusion Person-centred care and community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, supports empowerment among adults with T2D. Findings suggest that age is related to most correlates of empowerment, and that younger adults with T2D have specific healthcare needs.

SATU UNTUK TIGA : HUNIAN MULTIGENERASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Musselina Oktavanya Widiyanto ◽  
Nina Carina
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Senior Housing ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
Architectural Programming ◽  
Space Concept

Dwelling is an essential form of conscious human activity. The form, aesthetics or beauty, and organization of environment that build become part of how a person lives. The concept of dwelling itself closely related to time and space. Therefore, the concept may shift or replaced according to the phenomena that occurred during the period of time. It is the same thing that we feel today in the presence of COVID – 19. Newly promoted health protocols, such as social isolation creates domino effect. Outdoor activities must be carried out in the dwelling, causing the shelter to need a place to accommodate these new needs. This also creates new problems with the existence of various age groups in one family. With the aim of creating a family ecosystem in one dwelling based on issue of social isolation that interferes with how to interact, the Architectural Programming (Cherry, 2009) method are applied and also points from MASS : Designing senior housing for safe interaction (2020). The application of this method produces programs that suit the needs of each age group in a family as well as paying attention to initial issue, in this case social isolation. One for Three: Multigenerational House is a new shared space concept that combines the needs of three generation and attention to safe interaction in social isolation. In addition, One for Three: Multi-generational House retains the value of independence and identity in all group of age.  Keywords : group of age; multigeneration; safe interaction; shared space; social isolationAbstrak Berhuni merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan manusia secara sadar yang esensial. Bentuk, estetika, dan organisasi lingkungan binaan semuanya menjadi bagian dari bagaimana seseorang tinggal. Konsep berhuni memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan waktu dan ruang. Oleh karena itu, konsepnya akan tergeser atau digantikan sesuai dengan fenomena yang terjadi pada kurun waktu yang dimaksud. Sama hal nya yang kita rasakan saat ini yaitu adanya COVID – 19. Protokol kesehatan yang baru digalakan seperti sosial isolation dan menimbulkan efek domino. Kegiatan outdoor harus dilakukan di dalam hunian sehingga menyebabkan hunian memerlukan tempat untuk menampung kebutuhan baru tersebut. Hal ini juga menimbulkan masalah baru dengan adanya kelompok usia yang bervariasi pada satu keluarga. Dengan tujuan menciptakan ekosistem keluarga dalam satu hunian berdasarkan isu terhadap social isolation yang mengganggu cara berinteraksi, maka diterapkan metode Architectural Programming (Cherry, 2009) dan poin dari MASS : Designing senior housing for safe interaction (2020). Penerapan metode ini kemudian menghasilkan program yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan setiap kelompok usia dalam suatu keluarga, serta memperhatikan isu awal yaitu social isolation. Satu untuk Tiga : Hunian Multigenerasi merupakan konsep berhuni shared space yang baru dengan menyatukan kebutuhan tiga generasi dan memperhatikan poin safe interaction in social isolation. Selain itu, . Satu untuk Tiga : Hunian Multigenerasi tetap mempertahankan nilai kemandirian dan identitas pada segala usia. 

scholarly journals Personal Digital Health Assistants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Uday Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Working Day

The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY. Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant. Responsibility at work increased up to 58.2% and 54.5%, respectively in dynamics among young men and women. In 2016-17, the perception of responsibility at the workplace returned to the semblance of 1988 without gender differences. Regarding changes in the workplace, in 1988, the most frequent were "change of salary" and "change of workplace" for both sexes. Men more often than women indicated conflicts with their superiors and subordinates. In 2013, the change of workplace was reported more often than changes in salary (especially in the youngest group of 25-34 years old) but in 2017 these answers correlated with each other, amounting to 11-12%. No gender differences were observed. In 2013-16, share of men and women who reduced their workload increased to 20%. This proportion decreased in 2016-17. And the trend towards an increase in workload at the workplace moved at a faster pace, especially among middle-aged and older men. The proportion of women who cannot relax and rest after usual working day in the period from 1988 to 2013-16 was stable at 38-39%; but by 2016-2017 it decreased by a third. The proportion of such men has been growing over 29 years and began to exceed women by 10% in 2016-17. Conclusions: Both genders began to perform additional work tasks more often and to assess their responsibility at work as high over 29 years of observations. There is a trend towards eliminating of sex differences.

scholarly journals Physical activity of Poles in the care for their health potential before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kamil Zaworski ◽  
Zofia Kubińska ◽  
Adrianna Dziewulska ◽  
Olga Walasek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Gender And Age

Abstract Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the engagement of adult Poles in physical activity (PA) before and during the coronavirus pandemic, taking into consideration: frequency, duration and types of the activity depending on the gender and age of the participants. Methods: The study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire. 688 residents of Poland aged 18 to 58 (28.61±9.5) years old participated in the study. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the frequency of PA was noted in the group of men (p=0.0001) and in the age group of 39 to 58 years old. The analysis of the duration of a single PA before and during the pandemic has shown a statistically significant reduction in the workout time among both men and women and across all age groups (p=0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of women undertaking flexibility exercises, e.g. yoga (p=0.000), as well as a decrease in marching and walks (p=0.003). Men significantly less frequently did strength exercises (p=0.002). Conclusions: During the pandemic, there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and duration of PA. The preferences of the participants as to the type of PA undertaken changed as well.

Gender Differences in Motor Performance of 50- to 79-Year-Old Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Rudisill ◽  
Tonya Toole
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

This study was conducted to assess gender and age differences among 73 men and women (50—59, 60—69, and 70—79 yr.) on five motor tasks (balance, standing long jump, sit and reach, hand grip, and Softball throw). Differences between men and women on the standing long jump, hand grip, and the Softball throw favored men. The men had better performance scores than the women on each of these tasks. An interaction of gender by age was noted on the balance task. Women 50—59 yr. old balanced significantly longer than the men of that age group. Age differences were found for the standing long jump, hand grip, and Softball throw. The 50—59 age group performed significantly better than the 60—69 and the 70—79 age groups Performance decreased on each task across age groups. These findings suggest gender differences in motor performance of older adults as has been noted for children.

scholarly journals Vegetable intake in Korea: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2001 and 2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1499-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Sug Lee ◽  
Jeongseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Health And Nutrition

The purpose of the present study was to analyse vegetable intake by the Korean population based on different meal formats. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess daily vegetable intake and consumption ratio of vegetables for different meal types/dining locations. Analysis was stratified by sex and age group. Daily vegetable intake increased from 293·5 g in 1998 to 305·7 g in 2001 and to 335·9 g in 2005. Findings were similar in men and women, as well as in each age group. Analyses for each meal type revealed that vegetable intake during breakfast did not substantially change, but vegetable intake increased during lunch and dinner. While vegetable consumption ratio during breakfast decreased, it increased during lunch and snack time. Men and women showed similar change in the analysis for meal types and dining locations. There were some differences between the age groups in daily vegetable intake depending on the meal type. Another notable observation was the increasing change of vegetable intake during lunch and during meals eaten at cafeterias and restaurants in all the age groups. Analysis of vegetable consumption ratio showed an increased consumption in cafeterias, restaurants, and other places and decreased vegetable intake at home for those aged 16–64 years with time. Since this change may be related to improvements in socioeconomic status, it will be necessary to further investigate difference in vegetable intake based on socioeconomic levels within the population.

scholarly journals Psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease: gender differences and 22-year dynamics among the population of Siberia (WHO MONICA-Psychosocial Program, HAPIEE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
V V Gafarov ◽  
I V Gagulin ◽  
A V Gafarova ◽  
D O Panov ◽  
E A Krymov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Open Population ◽  
The Family ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Aim. To determine the gender differentiation and dynamics for 22 years of psychosocial factors (PSF) of the risk of cardiovascular disease among the population aged 25-64 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Materials and methods. Representative samples of the population of the city of Novosibirsk under the program of the World Health Organization “MONICA-MOPSY” in 1994-1995 were examined. III screening (men - 657, women - 870, 25-64 years old); IV screening project HAPIEE in 2003-2005 (men - 576, women - 1074, 45-64 years old) and V screening in 2013-2016. (men - 427, women - 548, 25-44 years old). We used Spielberger tests, MONICA-MOPSY tests, the Breckman - Sim test, the “Knowledge and attitude to your health” questionnaire. Results. In an open population of 25-64 years old, high levels of anxiety (T), depression (D), life exhaustion (LM), and hostility (B) were higher in women than in men. In the group of 55-64 years over 10 years, women have increased personality T, decreased D and LM. Over 22 years, in the group of 25-34 years, men and women decreased T and MI, but D and B increased, while women decreased T, LM and B and D. grew. Low and high close contact indices were higher among men. A low index of social ties prevailed in men, and a high index in women. High levels of stress in the family were more common in women, and at work - in men. For 10 years, the level of stress in the family and at work in men has decreased. Sleep disorders in the population in all age groups were more often in women. Conclusion. It was found that women have significantly higher PSF than men, with the exception of stress at work. The decrease in PSF in women and men in the dynamics

scholarly journals Association Between Social Support and Mental Health in Pre-Old and Old Age: Is It Different Depends on the Object? A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaya Li ◽  
Mai Kabayama ◽  
Kei Kamide
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Social Support

Abstract Background The association of social support with mental health for the older adults has been well documented; however, object-specific support was rarely discussed. This study examined the relationships of multiple aspects of social support, especially focusing on objects of social support, across different aging stages. Methods We conducted a self-reported cross-sectional survey in Osaka, Japan in 2013. We analyzed 659 pre-old and 888 old age participants. SF-36v2 was used to measure mental health. Objects of social support was divided into 3 categories (kin, friends, community) with integrating sub-dimensions of social support such as instrumental / emotional social support (function) and provided / received social support (role). Ordinary least squares, controlled for covariates, was carried out to analyze the variation among three objects of social support on mental health in two age groups. Results The results showed a positive association within the pre-old age group but not within the old age group. For the pre-old age group, either emotional or instrumental social support either provided to or received from a community neighbor had a positive association, while emotional social support provided to kin or friends and instrumental support received from friends didn’t show any relation to mental health.Conclusions The relationship between social support and mental health varied by objects and age groups.

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