scholarly journals Examining Statistical Distributions and Statistical Behavior of Stem Tapers of Fagus Sylvatica in Municipal Forest of Naoussa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Messaritakis Spyridon
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Statistical Behavior ◽  
Measures Of Dispersion ◽  
Second Category

The aim of the present research is the study of the statistical behavior of ninety-three tapers. Tapers are classified into three categories depending on whether they use measured diameters at relative or absolute heights in the tree trunk. In each taper, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion and a measure of skewness were examined. Each taper was examined if it fits normal distribution or not. It emerged that in the first category all tapers approached the normal distribution. In the second category, eight of the ten tapers are satisfactorily reaching the normal distribution, while in the third category thirty-seven out of seventy-eight are satisfactorily reaching the normal distribution. Data used in the research were collected in the Municipal Forest of Naoussa from 300 trees of Fagus sylvatica using random sampling.

Excel: Uma ferramenta estatística

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliel Alves Ferreira ◽  
João Vicente Zamperion
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Measures Of Dispersion ◽  
Normal Probability Distribution

This study aims to present the concepts and methods of statistical analysis using the Excel software, in a simple way aiming at a greater ease of understanding of students, both undergraduate and graduate, from different areas of knowledge. In Excel, mainly Data Analysis Tools will be used. For a better understanding, there are, in this book, many practical examples applying these tools and their interpretations, which are of paramount importance. In the first chapter, it deals with introductory concepts, such as introduction to Excel, the importance of statistics, concepts and definitions. Being that in this will be addressed the subjects of population and sample, types of data and their levels of measurement. Then it brings a detailed study of Descriptive Statistics, where it will be studied percentage, construction of graphs, frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. In the third chapter, notions of probability, binomial and normal probability distribution will be studied. In the last chapter, Inferential Statistics will be approached, starting with the confidence interval, going through the hypothesis tests (F, Z and t tests), ending with the statistical study of the correlation between variables and simple linear regression. It is worth mentioning that the statistical knowledge covered in this book can be useful for, in addition to students, professionals who want to improve their knowledge in statistics using Excel.

Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Dana Kubíčková ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Nulíček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

Consistency analysis of global positioning system position errors with typical statistical distributions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mariusz Specht
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Position Error ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Research into statistical distributions of φ, λ and two-dimensional (2D) position errors of the global positioning system (GPS) enables the evaluation of its accuracy. Based on this, the navigation applications in which the positioning system can be used are determined. However, studies of GPS accuracy indicate that the empirical φ and λ errors deviate from the typical normal distribution, significantly affecting the statistical distribution of 2D position errors. Therefore, determining the actual statistical distributions of position errors (1D and 2D) is decisive for the precision of calculating the actual accuracy of the GPS system. In this paper, based on two measurement sessions (900,000 and 237,000 fixes), the distributions of GPS position error statistics in both 1D and 2D space are analysed. Statistical distribution measures are determined using statistical tests, the hypothesis on the normal distribution of φ and λ errors is verified, and the consistency of GPS position errors with commonly used statistical distributions is assessed together with finding the best fit. Research has shown that φ and λ errors for the GPS system are normally distributed. It is proven that φ and λ errors are more concentrated around the central value than in a typical normal distribution (positive kurtosis) with a low value of asymmetry. Moreover, φ errors are clearly more concentrated than λ errors. This results in larger standard deviation values for φ errors than λ errors. The differences in both values were 25–39%. Regarding the 2D position error, it should be noted that the value of twice the distance root mean square (2DRMS) is about 10–14% greater than the value of R95. In addition, studies show that statistical distributions such as beta, gamma, lognormal and Weibull are the best fit for 2D position errors in the GPS system.

Investigation of Body Awareness Level and Performance Emotional Status of Athletes in Different Branches of Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Arzu Erden ◽  
Murat Emirzeoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
And Performance

Context: The level of body awareness, performance emotional state (PES), and demographic characteristics in different sports are subjects to be investigated. It is important to examine the concepts of PES and body awareness to better understand the body–mind relationship in different sports. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of body awareness and PES of athletes. Design: In this cross-sectional study, the independent variables are groups (4 different sports), and the dependent variables are body awareness and PES. Participants: The study was conducted on 188 licensed athletes (85 footballers, 36 basketball players, 34 handball players, and 33 swimmers). The mean age of the participants was 14.64 (1.89) years, mean height was 172.44 (11.03) cm, and mean body weight was 62.35 (13.12) kg. Settings: Four sports clubs and 2 high schools were the intervention facilities. Intervention: Body Awareness Questionnaire and Continuous Optimal Performance Emotional Status Scale-2 were used for data collection. Sociodemographic information was recorded. Main Outcome Measures: One-way analysis of variance was used for analysis of normal distribution data in 4 different groups, and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the analysis of data that did not show normal distribution. Results: There was no difference in body awareness among the branches (P = .17). The PES of the footballers was better than that of other athletes (P = .01). The correlation between body awareness and PES was medium (r = .47, P < .01), and the correlations between body awareness and age, licensed year, and number of weekly training sessions were weak (r = .22, P < .01; r = .19, P < .01; r = .15, P = .03). Conclusions: The body awareness of athletes may not differ among different sports, but PES is related to many factors such as mood, age, license years, and number of training sessions. In rehabilitation and training, body awareness and PES should be evaluated together.

scholarly journals Fast Ways to Detect Outliers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Emad Obaid Merza ◽  
Nashaat Jasim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Zero Values

The occurrence of tremendous developments in the field of data has led to the formation of huge volumes of data, and it is normal that this leads to the presence of outliers in this data for many reasons, which may have small or large values ​​compared to the rest of the normal data, and the presence of outliers in the data affects the statistical analysis of this data, so we must try to reduce its impact in various ways. On the other hand, the presence of outliers ​​may be of great benefit, for example knowledge of geological activities that precede natural disasters such as (earthquakes, forest fires, floods ... etc.). Therefore, detection of outliers is of great importance in various fields. In this research, we aim to develop easy methods for detecting outliers in big data, as the problem that this research addresses is that many of the newly developed methods for detecting outliers suffer from computational complexity or are efficient when the sample size is small. An experimental approach was used in this research by suggesting three methods for detecting outliers, the first method is based on standard deviation and was tested and compared with the normal distribution method and the z-score method. The second method depends on the maximum and minimum value of the data, and the third method depends on the range between successive data points. The results of second and third methods are compared with Hample's Test method result. The accuracy of the results is measured based on the confusion matrix. The results of the proposed methods test showed the conformity of the first method with the results of the normal distribution method and the Z-Score method, as well as the superiority of the third method over the Hample's test method. In this paper, it was concluded that the Hample's test method suffers from a serious weakness when the zero values in the data constitute more than 50% of the number of elements.

scholarly journals The Culture of the Sakas of Semirechye: Contemporary State and Current Issues of Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ernar A. Estemesov
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Third ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Second Category

Purpose. The article describes the history and analysis of the main issues in the study of archaeological sites of the Saka period in Semirechye. They are presented by three main types on this territory: burial and memorial complexes, settlements and hoards. The first type of monuments includes numerous burial mounds, where the elite burials of “royal” type and ordinary burials are located. Both social groups are combined by the unity of funeral rites, and the main differences are the complexity of architecture, memorial practices, and richness of burial equipment in the “royal” type burial mounds. The second category of monuments is presented by the settlements that are mostly small in size. The constructions like half dugouts were discovered on them, which gave a rich ceramic material. The third type of monuments of the Saka period in Semirechye includes numerous hoards of bronze items. Some of them are represented by the cult objects (sacrificial tables, lamps and cauldrons) that mark the places of worship. A significant percentage of the hoards contain items of weapons, horse equipment and household purposes and, apparently, serve as offerings to the spirits. However, despite the considerable progress in the study of the Saka monuments of the Semirechye Region, the main problem is their cultural attribution at this time. Some researchers suggest that the independent Saka archaeological culture was formed and developed on the territory of Semirechye in the Early Iron Age, while others believe that the Saka monuments of this region belong to the broader historical and cultural community that also covers the neighboring regions of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. Results Another important issue in the study of the Saka sites of Semirechye is to clarify the chronology of burial and memorial complexes. Up to now, the significant database of radiocarbon dates has been accumulated, which allows us to consider the chronological positions of a wide range of monuments in a new way. It was of great importance to obtain such dates from several burials of Karatuma necropolis, which showed that it belonged to the Saka period, since burial monuments of this appearance are traditionally dated back to the Wusun period. Conclusion. The necessity of solution of these problems is an urgent task for further research of burial and settlement objects of the Saka period in this region.

scholarly journals Excellent Teachers’ Strategies in Managing Students’ Misbehaviour in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rosilawati Sueb ◽  
Hamimah Hashim ◽  
Khadijah Said Hashim ◽  
Munirah Mohd Izam
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Teaching Experiences ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Category ◽  
Excellent Teachers ◽  
Student Misbehavior ◽  
Second Category

The study explores Excellent Teachers’ strategies in managing students’ misbehavior in the classroom. Students’ misbehavior are escalating and getting more variant and serious. The need to investigate how teachers manage the students’ behavior in the classroom is deemed important.  In this study the participants are Excellent Teachers or “Guru Cemerlang”  who earned their title as “Guru Cemerlang”, based on promotional basis, due to their expertise in their teaching areas, exhibition of exceptional qualities in their personality and leadership and accumulation of vast teaching experiences. This is a qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews and email interviews as its data collection method.  The interviews were conducted on nine (9) Malay Muslim Excellent Teachers; seven (7) females and two (2) males from nine different schools of nine different school districts in Selangor. Their age ranges from thirty seven (37) to fifty three (53) years with teaching experiences ranging from ten (10) to thirty one (31) years. The strategies that Excellent Teachers utilize could be categorized into  three higher categories: the first category pertaining to the preparation and activities that excellent teachers carried out in the classroom, the second category is interaction, which is the communication and reaction of excellent teachers towards student misbehavior and the third category is the presentation of treatment pertaining to pleasant or unpleasant consequences. In this article only discussion on the first category of the strategy which pertain to preparation and activities that excellent teachers carried out in the classroom will be highlighted. The sub- strategies are recognized as early year preparation, conducive learning environment, and classroom activities. Keywords: classroom discipline, classroom management, classroom strategies, excellent teacher.

scholarly journals Studiowanie, kształcenie, oczekiwania – z badań studentów pierwszego roku

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Stanisław Nowel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Study Skills ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
The University ◽  
Second Category

The results of a first year student survey are presented, divided into three categories: studying, education, expectations. In the first category, it was found that students have technical study skills. However, they do not have creative problem solving skills. In the second category, it was found that students accepted the forms and methods of education they at the university. In the third category, it was found that the university meets the students’ expectations regarding their aspirations related to the choice of field and form of study. On the other hand, it is alarming to note that the surveyed students do not feel a significant need for in-depth education, i.e. enriching their personality with qualities necessary in their future professional life.

scholarly journals Preference Reasons for Recreational Areas Which Belongs to the Local Administrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Kırtepe ◽  
Oguzhan Altungul ◽  
M. Fatıh Karahuseyınoglu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Groups

The purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors of people choosing outdoor recreation areas, which is belonging to local government in Elazıg Province Center, for feel comfortable in social, cultural and physiological aspects where they can evaluate their free time and benefit from different purposes according to different variables.The sample group of the study consisted of 232 persons, 106 male and 126 female, selected randomly using recreational areas of local governance in Elazıg province center. The data were obtained by participation preference factors for use of recreation area survey which consist 24 questions and 5 sub-dimensions that developed by Gümüs H. and Alay Özgül S. (2017) with face to face survey application method.The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 22 packet program. The normality test has been done so that analyzes can be done correctly. According to this, Kruskal-wallis was used in multiple groups in the analysis of data which not normal distribution and Mann Whitney-u Test was applied to determine the group which the difference occurred. In the analysis of normal distribution data, anova in multiple groups and independent samples t test in binary groups were applied. Significance level was accepted as p<0.05. There was a statistically significant difference between participants who are married and have children, who perform sports 3-4 days a week and who state their health status as good and good and sport diversity, personnel and activity sub-dimensions of the scale (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the private vehicle ownership variable and participation preference for recreation areas scale (p>0, 05).It was determined that, for participants who married and with children, it is effective that there is playground for children in the recreational areas, the individuals who are good and very good health status are influenced by the sport diversity, activity and personnel situation in choosing these areas, private vehicle ownership is not that important for choosing these areas.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN WAJIB PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA SAMSAT DRIVE THRU MATARAM UPTD PELAYANAN PAJAK DAERAH DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH (PPDRD) MATARAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ervan Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
Research Findings

The aim of this study is to identify the effect of service quality which covers services system and procedure, personnel skill and ability, and service facilities and infrastructure on the satisfaction of motor vehicle taxpayers. This research adopts the associative research design as research guidelines. Probability sampling with simple random sampling technique were used in distributing 100 copies of questionnaire provided to taxpayers who use the service of Mataram Drive Thru. 100 copies of distributed questionnaire were entirely completed and returned to the researcher. Pearson correlation product moment   were given to 100 respondents / taxpayer motorists who use services Mataram Drive Thru, 100 copies of questionnaires distributed, fully completed and returned to the researcher. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to analyze the data obtained from the respondents. The research findings indicate that  systems and procedures of services, personil skills and ability, and service facilities and infrastructure have significant effect on the level of customers satisfaction 0,05 (2-sided). Therefore, it can be concluded that those three variables significantly affect the customers satisfaction. Further, service facilities and infrastructure was on the top rank, personil skill and abilitywas on the second, and systems and procedures was on the third. Finally, it is expected that the result of this study will help stakeholders of Mataram UPTD PPDRD office (the office of area tax service and levies) understand and identify the rank of variables influencing motor vehicle taxpayers satisfaction. Keywords: Service Qualites, Service Systems and Procedures, Personnel Skill and Abilities, Service Facilities and Infrastructure, Customers Satisfaction.

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