Economic Aspects Related to Investments in Energy-Efficient Houses in the Framework of Bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Ramona Camelia Silvestru ◽  
Gabriela Mehedinţu ◽  
Cătălin Ionu ◽  
Ana Maria Ifrim ◽  
Cătălin Petcu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Legislative Structure

The challenges related to the sustainable use of renewable natural resources and the European Union's attention to the bioeconomy provide Romania with the legislative framework and building and innovation opportunities in the field of construction, with benefits for consumers, society, and the environment. EU-wide regulation focuses on nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB), with a differentiated degree for each member state of the European Union. That is the reason why, in this article, the authors focus on the economic and the technical aspects, on the minimal way in which it is approached in the scientific literature, as it is reflected in the national legislative structure, and as it is present in the applied practice in Romania.

Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽  
Eugene B. Solntsev ◽  
Oleg Yu. Malafeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

scholarly journals Concentrated Solar Power Plants with Molten Salt Storage: Economic Aspects and Perspectives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bielecki ◽  
Sebastian Ernst ◽  
Wioletta Skrodzka ◽  
Igor Wojnicki
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power Plants

Concentrated solar power plants belong to the category of clean sources of renewable energy. The paper discusses the possibilities for the use of molten salts as storage in modern CSP plants. Besides increasing efficiency, it may also shift their area of application: thanks to increased controllability, they may now be used not only to cover baseload but also as more agile, dispatchable generators. Both technological and economic aspects are presented, with focus on the European energy sector and EU legislation. General characteristics for CSP plants, especially with molten salt storage, are discussed. Perspectives for their development, first of all in economic aspects, are considered.

scholarly journals Has the Action for Failure to Act in the European Union Lost its Purpose?

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Daukšienė ◽  
Arvydas Budnikas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the purpose of the action for failure to act under article 265 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The statements are derived from the analysis of scientific literature, relevant legislation, practice of the European Union Court of Justice (CJEU) and the European Union General Court (EUGC). Useful information has also been obtained from the opinions of general advocates of the CJEU. The article of TFEU 265, which governs the action for failure to act, is very abstract. For this reason, a whole procedure under the article 265 TFEU was developed by the EU courts. The original purpose of the action for failure to act was to constitute whether European Union (EU) institution properly fulfilled its obligations under the EU legislation. However, in the course of case-law, a mere EU institution’s express refusal to fulfill its duties became sufficient to constitute that the EU institution acted and therefore action for failure to act became devoid of purpose. This article analyzes whether the action for failure to act has lost its purpose and become an ineffective legal remedy in the system of judicial review in the EU. Additionally, the action for failure to act is compared to similar national actions.

scholarly journals Study of a test methodology to assess potential drift generated by air-assisted sprayers

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Balsari ◽  
Paolo Marucco ◽  
Claudio Bozzer ◽  
Mario Tamagnone
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Test Methodology

During pesticide application spray drift may cause diffuse pollution phenomena in the environment. In the last years the European Union, through the Directive on the sustainable use of pesticides (128/2009 EC), has recommended the adoption of measures enabling to prevent spray drift. Among these measures, the adoption of buffer zones beside the sprayed fields requires to consider different widths for these no spray zones according to the amount of spray drift generated by the spraying equipment used for application. It is therefore necessary to classify the different sprayer models according to drift risk. For what concerns the sprayers used on arboreal crops, in order to make this classification in a simple and quick way as it was already proposed for the field crop sprayers (ISO FDIS 22369-3), a study was started aimed at defining a methodology to assess potential drift produced by the different sprayer models in absence of wind, using ad hoc test benches. On the basis of the positive first experimental data obtained, a first proposal for a new ISO standard methodology was prepared.

scholarly journals Is there an opportunity to establish the social-capitalism in the post socialist transition?

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-425
Author(s):  
Alpar Losonc
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Welfare State ◽  
Social Capitalism

Recently Claus Offe has put the question that concerns the fate of the European model of social capitalism: Can the model of social capitalism survive the European integration in the context of certain contemporary tendencies? Offe has presupposed that the mentioned model is challenged by the processes of globalization and the integration of the post socialist countries into the European Union. The working hypothesis of the article is that there is an opportunity to provide a coherent answer to this question. The article consists of two parts. In the first part the author starts with the Polanyi's socio-economic theory and emphasizes the importance of this approach for the analyzing of the tendencies of capitalism in Western Europe and in the post socialist countries. The author argues that with the Polanyi's theory we are able to explicate the forms of the embedded liberalism in Western Europe after 1945 and the orientation of non-embedded neo-liberalism and the functioning of the workfare state after the crisis of the Keynesian welfare state. Despite the tendencies of the globalization projected by neo-liberalism, the central element of the social capitalism namely, the welfare state, remains with the dimensions of the continuity. In the next part the author points out that there is an asymmetrical structure between the Western-Europe and non-Western part of Europe concerning the socialization of capitalism. The neoliberalisation in accordance with the model of the transfer of ideal-type of capitalism is more strongly implemented in the countries of transition. In addition, the mentioned theoretical approach provides opportunities to explain the failures of implementing of neo-liberalism in the post socialist countries. On the basis of the endorsing of the socio-economic aspects we can address the issue pointed out by Offe.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of Technological Innovations on Unemployment in the European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Zigmas Lydeka ◽  
Akvile Karaliute
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact

Innovation and unemployment are two economic elements related to each other that have been constantly analyzed in the economic debates from the beginning of the 21st century. A classical question is whether innovation creates or destroys jobs. The conventional approach contemplates innovation as a transformation instrument of an economy, resulting in economic growth and jobs creation. Another approach points out to various mechanisms which can compensate the primary effect of innovations and cause an ultimate effect of innovations on labour demand to be unclear. In view of the fact that there are many different explanations about the impact of innovations on labour demand, this paper, after the analysis of theoretical and empirical scientific literature in this field, provides an empirical analysis with unemployment as the dependent variable. The authors use data from 28 European Union countries for the period of 1992–2016 and pursue to research how technological innovations affect unemployment rate. There are two core independent variables – expenditure on R&D (research and development) and number of patent applications – as the main proxies for technological innovations. Control variables that affect unemployment are included to the model as well. The model was estimated using a dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) of a panel data system. After the composition of 12 different estimations of the model, the results suggest that, in some cases, technological innovations affect unemployment.

scholarly journals THE WAYS TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONING OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Stelmakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Legislative Framework

The research stipulates that the infrastructure is a certain system, and its task is to secure main conditions for the development of other subsystems and the system as a whole. Next, the paper analyzes the relationship between infrastructure and economic development by examining the legislative framework of its sectors and outlines the main problems of functioning and searching for ways to overcome them. The expected economic growth of the country includes quantitative changes in the economy, which are particularly expressed by changes in Gross Domestic Product and improvement of socio-economic life. On the other hand, economic development, which is sometimes called the socio-economic combination of quantitative and qualitative changes, can mostly be reduced to economic transformations and reforms of the sectors of infrastructure. The paper determines the problems of the sectors of infrastructure and the ways to overcome them and develops a range of recommendations. Examining the controlling and its use in the respective domains, in particular in forming of transport-logistics system deserves special attention. Nowadays, the sectors of Ukrainian infrastructure require reforming and improvement, namely selecting the appropriate sector that would bring them closer to the standards of the European Union. For instance, the paper offers the closed Internet survey among the managers and employees of enterprises in the agricultural sector of Lvivska oblast and detects weaknesses in the functioning of the sectors of infrastructure based on their results. The further research stipulates the detection of strengths and weaknesses of infrastructure, legislative framework, and results of conducted reforms, especially in terms of implementation of the 2030 National Transport Strategy Подальші (transport sector management efficiency, provision of qualitative transport services, securing of sustainable transport funding, improvement of security and reliability, improvement of urban mobility and regional integration).

scholarly journals Thermal Behaviour Analysis of Complex Joints for an Energy Efficient School Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Szilárd Karda ◽  
Tamás Nagy-György ◽  
József Boros
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
School Building ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
U Value ◽  
Thermal Simulations

Abstract Energy-efficient buildings have received increasing attention in recent times as they represent a direction that promotes the objectives of a sustainable, competitive and decarbonized energy policy. In order to meet the minimum requirements of the nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) the thermal characteristics of the envelope play an important role. The aim of the paper is to present and analyse the thermal behaviour of complex joints for an energy efficient school building, for which the formation of thermal bridges has been reduced by applying improved geometrical and technological solutions. Since most of the thermal bridge catalogues did not provide updated details for the studied joints, numerical calculations, as two-dimensional finite elements thermal simulations, were performed to determine thermal transmittance coefficients and the U-value..

Cost-effectiveness of AI in medicine from a clinical, technical, and economic perspective: A scoping review and a framework of analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Gomez Rossi ◽  
Ben Feldberg ◽  
Joachim Krois ◽  
Falk Schwendicke
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Health Policy Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Use

BACKGROUND Research and Development (R&D) of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine involve clinical, technical and economic aspects. Better understanding the relationship between these dimensions seems necessary to coordinate efforts of R&D among stakeholders. OBJECTIVE To assess systematically existing literature on the cost-effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) from a clinical, technical and economic perspective. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to study the cost-effectiveness of AI solutions and summarised within a scoping framework of health policy analysis developed to study clinical, technical and economic dimensions. RESULTS Of the 4820 eligible studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Internal medicine and emergency medicine were the most studied clinical disciplines. Technical R&D aspects have not been uniformly disclosed in the studies we analysed. Monetisation aspects such as payment models assumed have not been reported in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS Existing scientific literature on the cost-effectiveness of AI currently does not allow to draw conclusive recommendations. Further research and improved reporting on technical and economic aspects seem necessary to assess potential use-cases of this technology, as well as to secure reproducibility of results. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

ICTs, Public Access to Documents, and Transparency in the European Union

2014 ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Marios Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Access To Documents

This chapter examines the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and transparency in the public sphere. The link between the two is rather easy to conceive: ICTs facilitate flow and management of information, which is crucial to achieve openness and accountability and advance public debate. In this chapter, the issue is examined in the context of the European Union (EU), from the point of view of public access to documents and the role of the European Ombudsman (EO). The author presents the applicable legislative framework and discusses the role of the EO in facilitating and promoting public access to documents, with emphasis on the EO's mandate, the procedure followed, and its possible outcomes. The last part of the chapter examines the decision of the EO on a recent case concerning public access to documents of interest to a wide public, whereby it is illustrated that ICTs, by facilitating access to documents and information, advance openness, transparency, good governance, and accountability.

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