scholarly journals Implementation of the pact for health in Brazil: what changes did it bring to child mortality?

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48889
Author(s):  
Talita Araujo de Souza ◽  
Fábia Barbosa de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
The Family

This study aimed to verify the association of social inequalities with infant mortality rate so as to infer what has changed in Brazil with the implementation of the Pact for Life. This was an epidemiological ecological study of the time series type with spatial correlation carried out through the Mortality Information System, considering the years from 1996 to 2016. For the development and analysis of the data, the 161 Intermediate Regions of Urban Articulation were considered. The infant mortality coefficient in the years studied was the dependent variable, and as independent variables, the ones selected were the Human Development Index, Gini Index, percentage of poor people and the coverage of the Family Grant Program. Descriptive data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Mortality data were spatialized to determine bivariate spatial autocorrelations using the Geoda software. It was identified in the results that there was a decrease in the infant mortality rate in the decades; spatial autocorrelation showed high coefficients in the Northeast in the first decade, and higher coefficients in the North and Midwest in the second decade. In the bivariate analysis of the infant mortality coefficient with the Human Development Index, greater autocorrelation was observed in the Southeast, South and Midwest regions in the two decades; with the Gini index, the first decade showed autocorrelation in the North and Northeast, and in the second decade, there was autocorrelation in the North, Northeast, and Midwest. When assessed with poverty, autocorrelation was observed in the North and Northeast; and with coverage of the Family Grant Program, autocorrelation was concentrated in the Northeast. Even before and after the release of the Pact for Life, social inequalities were directly related to infant mortality. The Pact, which had one of its indicators the reduction in infant mortality, was effective when evaluated in isolation, however, despite the decrease in this problem.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Angka Kematian Bayi, Angka Partisipasi Murni, Rasio Ketergantungan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi Jawa Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Zia Azuro Zuhairoh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Enrollment Rate ◽  
Development Index

The human development index is indicator to measure efficacy of human development. The human development index is composed of life expectancy at birth (health factor), average length of school and school life expectancy (education factors), and also gross national per capita (economic factor) expenditure. The human development index in East Java Province in 2016 was below national rate and still of medium status. This achievement depends on the factors that influence it. The goal was to analyze the effect of infant mortality rate, net enrollment rate for elementary school, and dependency ratio on human development index of East Java Province. This study includes the type of analytical research with non-reactive method. Sample size was 29 districts and 9 cities in East Java Province 2016. The analysis used multiple linear regression. The study showed that the three independent variables are simultaneously affect human development index (p-value = 0.000). Partially, the net enrollment rate for elementary school (p-value = 0.164) was insignificant whereas infant mortality rate (p-value = 0.0000) and dependency ratio (p-value = 0.000012) had negative affect and significant to human development index. The conclusion of this research is the value of human development index can be increase while decreasing infant mortality rate and dependency ratio.

scholarly journals Impact of human capital on economic growth: A case study of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Raheela Khatoon ◽  
Iqbal Javed ◽  
Muhammad Munawar Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Impact

A country is prosperous if it has efficient development programs. Human capital contains resources like education, health, training, skills etc. For economic progress these qualities are very vital. Basic objective of this research is to explain the impact of human capital on growth and development of economics sector of the Pakistan. Because today in the developing countries, human development and growth has becomes the burning issues. To analyse the association between human capital and economic growth, used GDP as a dependent variable. This study further use Human development index as independent variable. Proxy of human development index consist of education index, health, fertility, infant mortality, life expectancy and sanitation. Our focus will be more on the education. Time series data for the years 1990-2019 were used. ARDL model was used by incorporating the human capital formation with other explanatory variables. The findings shows that the human capital has positive and significant impact on growth and the negative influence on the population and infant mortality rate.

scholarly journals Morbidence of pregnant anemia and its impact on infant mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dmitry O. Ivanov ◽  
Vadim K. Iurev ◽  
Kseniia G. Shevtsova ◽  
Karina E. Moiseeva ◽  
Shalva D. Kharbedia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

An important role in the normal development of the fetus and the successful outcome of pregnancy is played by the state of health of pregnant women. One of the significant factors of perinatal risk is anemia of pregnant women. In order to assess the level and dynamics of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, official statistical reports and publications of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2005-2017 and Central Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for 2012-2018 were analyzed. Using a trend analysis using a trend method, a prognosis was made for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women up to 2021 in the Russian Federation as a whole and separately in the North-West Federal District. In order to assess the impact of the predictor “anemia of pregnant women” on the infant mortality rate, data from primary medical documentation was copied to 250 children who died before the age of 1 year in the North-West Federal District. It has been established that the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the North-West Federal District significantly exceeds the average level in the Russian Federation. Provided that factors affecting the course of pregnancy remain unchanged, the incidence of anemia in pregnant women by 2021 on average in the Russian Federation will decrease to 32.2% of the number of women who have completed pregnancy, and in the North-West Federal District will increase to 37.5%. During pregnancy, the incidence of anemia in women whose child died before the age of 1 year in the North-West Federal District amounted to 44.16 ± 0.39% of the number of women who completed the pregnancy, which significantly exceeded the average figure in the district, which in 2017 was equal to 35.90 ± 0.35% (p < 0.05). A direct correlation has been established between the predictor “anemia in pregnant women” and the infant mortality rate.

scholarly journals Taxa de mortalidade infantil no Piauí e determinantes sociais

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djalma Ribeiro Costa ◽  
Alexandre Gabriel Silva ◽  
Lucas Guilherem Mota de Souza ◽  
Bruno Pinheiro Falcão
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Administration

Introdução: a taxa de mortalidade infantil é um indicador sensível às transformações sociais de uma região, sinaliza o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e as condições de vida, importando, por isso, aos profissionais da administração em saúde e da medicina preventiva e social. Objetivos: estabelecer a associação entre determinantes sociais e a taxa de mortalidade infantil nos municípios do Piauí em 2010. Metodologia: estudo ecológico de correlação e autocorrelação espacial entre a taxa de mortalidade infantil e os indicadores índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal e seus componentes longevidade, renda e emprego e educação, coeficiente de Gini e proporção de pobres em 2010. Os dados foram obtidos no sítio eletrônico do Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de correlação de Spearman e dependência espacial univariada e bivariada com o índice de Moran. Consideraram-se estatisticamente significante um valor p menor de 0,05 e um pseudo-p menor ou igual a 0,05 quando o módulo do valor z fosse maior ou igual a 1,96. Utilizaram-se os softwares MINITAB v.17, GeoDa e R Studio. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo CEP da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade infantil correlacionou-se de modo complexo e nem sempre homogêneo com o IDHM, com os componentes do IDHM e com a proporção de pobres. Não houve correlação com o coeficiente de Gini. O IDHM renda e emprego foi o único determinante social que não exibiu dependência espacial. Apenas o IDHM longevidade correlacionou-se espacialmente com a taxa de mortalidade infantil, predominando a formação de outliers onde maior IDHM longevidade esteve associado com menor mortalidade infantil. Conclusões: Existiram correlação e autocorrelação espacial entre taxa de mortalidade infantil e determinantes sociais no Piauí em 2010. As áreas de maior risco, principalmente aquelas com piores indicadores sociais, são alvo das ações de planejamento estratégico em administração em saúde e em medicina preventiva e Social.Palavras-chave: Mortalidade Infantil. Determinantes Sociais da Saúde. Correlação de Dados. Análise Espacial. ABSTRACTIntroduction: infant mortality rate is a sensitive indicator to regional social transformations and indicates the socioeconomic development and the way of life, consequently it matters to health administration and to preventive and social medicine. Objectives: to establish the association between social determinants and the infant mortality rate in the cities of Piaui in 2010. Methodology: ecological study of correlation and spatial autocorrelation between the infant mortality rate and the human development index and their components (‘longevity’, ‘income and employment’ and ‘education’), Gini’s coefficient and proportion of poverty in 2010. Data were obtained from the website of Atlas of Human Development in Brazil. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation test and univariate and bivariate spatial dependence with the Moran index were performed. A p-value less than 0.05 and a pseudo-p equals to or less than 0.05 with an absolute z-value equals to or greater than 1.96 were considered statistically significant. The software MINITAB v.17, GeoDa and R Studio were used. This paper was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Piaui. Results: The infant mortality rate correlated in a complex and not always homogeneous way with the HDI, with the components of the HDI and with the proportion of poverty. There was no correlation with the Gini’s coefficient. The income and employment component of HDI was the only social determinant that did not demonstrate spatial dependence. Only the longevity component of HDI was spatially correlated with the infant mortality rate, with the formation of outliers predominating where greater longevity component of HDI was associated with lower infant mortality rate. Conclusions: There were correlation and spatial autocorrelation between infant mortality rate and social determinants in Piaui in 2010. The areas of greatest risk, especially those with the worst social determinants, are the target of strategic planning actions in health administration and preventive and social medicine.Keywords: Infant Mortality. Social Determinants of Health. Correlation of Data. Spatial Analysis.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in India

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Shekhar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Low Income Country

India is a low-income country that is characterised by huge diversity within and between its 35 states and union territories. For example, the infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) ranges from a low of 16.3 in Kerala to a high of 86.7 in Uttar Pradesh, over a fivefold difference (International Institute for Population Sciences & ORC Macro, 2001). This considerable variation is evident in virtually every aspect of human development in India, and any summary figures are likely to be unrepresentative of most parts of the country. Within the scope of this short article, this important limitation of averages must be recognised at the outset.

Perbandingan Linieritas Dalam Pendeteksian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Bayi Di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desfira Ahya ◽  
Inas Salsabila ◽  
Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Aceh Province

Angka Kematian Bayi/ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pengembangan kesehatan. Nilai IMR juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan ibu, kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan secara umum, tingkat pengembangan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model IMR terbaik menggunakan tiga pendekatan: Model Linear, Model Linear Tergeneralisir dan Model Aditif Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan model tersebut akan terlihat variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah kematian bayi di tahun 2013-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam menjelaskan angka kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh tahun 2013-2015 ialah Model Linear Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline menggunakan parameter penghalusan 100 dan titik knots 8. Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi angka kematian ialah jumlah pekerja yang sehat.   Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator in measuring the success of health development. IMR also can be used to knowing the level of maternal health, environmental health conditions and generally the level of socio-economic development in community. This research aims to get the best model of infant mortality data using three approaches: Linear Model, Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model with Penalized Spline (P-spline) base. In addition, based on the model can be seen the variables that affect to infant mortality in Aceh Province. This research uses data number of infant mortality in Aceh Province period 2013-2015. The data in this research were obtained from Aceh’s Health Profile. The results show that the best model can be explain infant mortality rate in Aceh Province period 2013-2015 is GAM model with P-spline base using smoothing parameter 100 and knots 8. Factor that high effect to infant mortality is number of health workers.

Empirical analysis of factors influencing the public health expenditure in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kok Wooi Yap ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita

This study aims to investigate the determinants of public health expenditure in Malaysia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran & Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied to analyse annual time series data during the period from 1970 to 2017. The study focused on four explanatory variables, namely per capita gross domestic product (GDP), healthcare price index, population aged 65 years and above, as well as infant mortality rate. The bounds test results showed that the public health expenditure and its determinants are cointegrated. The empirical results revealed that the elasticity of government health expenditure with respect to national income is less than unity, indicating that public health expenditure in Malaysia is a necessity good and thus the Wagner’s law does not exist to explain the relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Malaysia. In the long run, per capita GDP, healthcare price index, population aged more than 65 years, and infant mortality rate are the important variables in explaining the behaviour of public health expenditure in Malaysia. The empirical results also prove that infant mortality rate is significant in influencing public health spending in the short run. It is noted that macroeconomic and health status factors assume an important role in determining the public health expenditure in Malaysia and thus government policies and strategies should be made by taking into account of these aspects.

Measuring Effectiveness Of Economic Growth On Reducing Infant Mortality Rate In Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Mr. Y. EBENEZER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Bound Test

                   This paper deals with economic growth and infant mortality rate in Tamilnadu. The objects of this paper are to test the relationship between Per capita Net State Domestic Product and infant mortality rate and also to measure the impact of Per capita Net State Domestic Product on infant mortality rate in Tamil Nadu. This analysis has employed the ADF test and ARDL approach. The result of the study shows that IMR got reduced and Per capita Net State Domestic Product increased during the study period. This analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between IMR and the economic growth of Tamilnadu. In addition, ARDL bound test result has concluded that per capita Net State Domestic Product of Tamilnadu has long run association with IMR.

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