scholarly journals Robust regression analysis for the relationship between welding parameters and microhardness of 410 NiMo martensitic steel deposits on SAE 1020 steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e49807
Author(s):  
João Roberto Sartori Moreno ◽  
Celso Alves Corrêa ◽  
Elisangela Aparecida da Silva Lizzi ◽  
Émillyn Ferreira Trevisani Olivio ◽  
Paulo Sergio Olivio Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Welding Speed ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Pulsation Frequency ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Average Current

The objective of this study was to analyze the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) welding parameters and microhardness levels on surface quality of 410 NiMo martensitic stainless-steel coatings. The parameters of the FCAW process applied to the coating, included pulsation frequency, voltage, welding speed, average current and contact tip to work distance. The welding was carried out by the pulsed tubular wire process with pulsed current, constant voltage, Ar+2% O2 shielding gas and short-circuit metal transfer for the deposition of EC410 NiMo Martensitic Steel Deposits alloy coatings on a SAE 1020 steel substrate. For the statistical analysis, the Taguchi experimental planning was applied to test the influence of the parameters of the FCAW process (average current, CTWD, pulsation current and welding speed) on the coating properties. The best configuration with respect to the increased microhardness of the fusion zone in the coating welding process is: Average Current 200 A; CTWD 40 mm; Pulsation Frequency 26.31 Hz and Welding Speed 300 mm min.-1. The lowest microhardness of the melting zone in the coating welding process is: Average Current 170 A; CTWD 30 mm; Pulsation Frequency 23.26 Hz and Welding Speed 400 mm min.-1.

scholarly journals Prediction of Bead Geometry with Changing Welding Speed Using Artificial Neural Network

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Manshu Dong ◽  
Hongming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Bead Width ◽  
Artificial Neural

Bead size and shape are important considerations for industry design and quality detection. It is hard to deduce an appropriate mathematical model for predicting the bead geometry in a continually changing welding process due to the complex interrelationship between different welding parameters and the actual bead. In this paper, an artificial neural network model for predicting the bead geometry with changing welding speed was developed. The experiment was performed by a welding robot in gas metal arc welding process. The welding speed was stochastically changed during the welding process. By transient response tests, it was indicated that the changing welding speed had a spatial influence on bead geometry, which ranged from 10 mm backward to 22 mm forward with certain welding parameters. For this study, the input parameters of model were the spatial welding speed sequence, and the output parameters were bead width and reinforcement. The bead geometry was recognized by polynomial fitting of the profile coordinates, as measured by a structured laser light sensor. The results showed that the model with the structure of 33-6-2 had achieved high accuracy in both the training dataset and test dataset, which were 99% and 96%, respectively.

scholarly journals Study of Laser Welding of HCT600X Dual Phase Steels

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Pavol Švec ◽  
Viliam Hrnčiar ◽  
Alexander Schrek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Steel Sheets

AbstractThe effects of beam power and welding speed on microstructure, microhardnes and tensile strength of HCT600X laser welded steel sheets were evaluated. The welding parameters influenced both the width and the microstructure of the fusion zone and heat affected zone. The welding process has no effect on tensile strength of joints which achieved the strength of base metal and all joints fractured in the base metal.

scholarly journals Effect of Electron Beam Welding Parameters on Temperature and Stress Field of AISI P20 Tool Steel in Vacuum Roll-cladding Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
lanyu mao ◽  
Zongan Luo ◽  
Yingying Feng ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Aisi P20

Abstract Vacuum roll-cladding (VRC) is an effective method to produce high quality ultra-heavy AISI P20 plate steel. In the process of VRC, reasonable welding process of electron beam welding (EBW) can significantly avoid welding cracks and reduce the cost. In this paper, the electron beam welding process of AISI P20 tool steel was simulated by using a combined heat source model based on finite element method, and the temperature field and stress field under different welding parameters were studied respectively . The results showed that welding parameters have a greater effect on weld penetration than that of weld width, which making the aspect ratio increases with the increase of welding current, and decrease with the increase of welding speed. The weld morphologies were consistent with those of the modeling and the measured thermal heat curves were good agreement with those of simulated, which was verified the feasibility and effectiveness of temperature fields. The results of stress fields under different welding parameters indicat ed that lower welding speed and higher welding current resulting in lower residual stress at welded joint, which means lower risk of cracking after EBW. The results of this study have been successfully applied to industrial production.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kedalaman Penetrasi Las Stainless Steel 304 dengan Medan Magnet Eksternal pada Pengelasan Autogenous Tungsten Inert Gas Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Haikal Haikal ◽  
Moch. Chamim ◽  
Deni Andriyansyah ◽  
Apri Wiyono ◽  
Ario Sunar Baskoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Bead Width

<p class="Abstract">In this study, research on the use of the External Magnetic Field method – Tungsten Inert Gas was done to determine the effect of welding arc compression on the quality of <em>AISI 304 </em>thin plate weld. The welding process was performed using autogenous welds. In this study, an external magnetic field was generated by placing a magnetic solenoid around the <em>TIG</em> welding torch. Enabling this electromagnetic field is done dynamically using a microcontroller. Welding parameters used are welding current <em>100; 105; 110 A</em> and welding speed <em>1.6; 1.8; 2.05 mm/s</em>. The results of this study showed that <em>EMF-TIG</em> welding can produce a more uniform bead width along the weld line with a standard deviation of 0.08 compared with conventional <em>TIG </em>welding of <em>0.12</em>. Increased welding speed of  <em>2.05 mm/s</em> causes no effect on the addition of an external magnetic field to the width of the weld bead. The current parameters are <em>105 A </em>with a speed of <em>1.6; 1.8; 2.05 mm/s</em> resulted in compression of the top bead width by <em>0.87; 0.61; 0.1 mm</em>. The welding parameters with a current of 105 A and welding speed of <em>1.6 mm/s</em> have a larger upper bead compression effect of <em>0.84 mm</em> compared to <em>110 A</em> currents of <em>0.38 mm</em>. Moreover, the <em>D/W</em> ratio obtained under an external magnetic field was higher than without magnetic.</p>

Development of Welding Procedures for X90-Grade Seamless Pipes for Riser Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nagayama ◽  
Masahiko Hamada ◽  
Mark F. Mruczek ◽  
Mark Vickers ◽  
Nobuyuki Hisamune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Procedure ◽  
Submerged Arc

Ultra-high strength seamless pipes of X90 and X100 grades have been developed for deepwater or ultra-deepwater applications. Girth welding procedure specifications (WPSs) should be developed for the ultra-high strength pipes. However, there is little information for double jointing welding procedure by using submerged arc welding process for high strength line pipes. This paper describes mechanical test results of submerged arc welding (SAW) and gas shielded flux cored arc welding (GSFCAW) trials with various welding consumables procured from commercial markets. Welds were then made with typical welding parameters for riser productions using high strength X90 seamless pipes. The submerged arc weld metal strength could increase by increasing alloy elements in weld metal. The weld metal with CE (IIW) value of 0.74 mass% achieved fully overmatching for the X90 pipe. The weld metal yield strength (0.2% offset) was 694 MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength was 833 MPa. It was also confirmed that the reduction of boron in weld metal can improve low temperature toughness of high strength weld metal. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the HAZ has excellent mechanical properties and toughness for riser applications. In this study GSFCAW procedures were also developed. GSFCAW can be used for joining pipe and connector material for riser production welding. The weld metal with a CE (IIW) value of 0.54 mass% could meet the required strength level for X90-grade pipe as specified in ISO 3183. Cross weld tensile testing showed that fractures were achieved in the base metal. Good Charpy impact properties in weld metal and HAZ were also confirmed.

Coupled Field Analysis of a Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Butt Joint—Part II: Parametric Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sen ◽  
M. A. Pierson ◽  
K. S. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Welded Structure

The process of welding has a direct influence on the integrity of the structural components and their mechanical response during service. Welding is an inherently multiphysics problem, encompassing a large array of physical phenomena—fluid flow in the weld pool, heat flow in the structure, microstructural evolution/phase transformations, thermal stress development, and distortion of the welded structure. The mathematical model to simulate the coupled fields of the welding process has been outlined in Part I of the present study. In Part I, the developed model have been validated with experimental results and the depth/width (D/W) predictions agree well. Part II documents the effects of welding parameters (welding current/speed, electrode gap, and electrode angle) on the weld D/W ratio, for both low (≤40 ppm) and high (≥150 ppm) surface active agent (oxygen) content. The parametric characterization of the weld D/W ratio is validated with published experimental data. They agree well. Results show that increasing the oxygen content beyond 150 ppm does not increase the weld D/W ratio. At high oxygen content of 150 ppm and under current variation, the weld D/W ratio increases and remains constant beyond 160 A. However, when the welding speed is varied, the weld D/W ratio decreases with increasing speed. Similarly, increasing the electrode gap under high oxygen content decreases the weld D/W ratio. The weld D/W ratio shows weak variation with electrode tip angle. The results from the present simulations have also been used to predict the modes of weld solidification. With increase in welding speed, finer dendritic microstructures are expected to be formed near the weld centerline. The variation of weld D/W with heat input per unit length of weld is also presented elaborately. The workpiece deformation and stress distributions are also highlighted. The present study shows the pertinence of coupled welding process simulation to delineate the underlying physical processes and thereby better predict the behavior of welded structures.

A Study on the Welding Characteristics of Dissimilar Metal Using a High Power CW Nd:YAG Laser

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 539-542
Author(s):  
Ho Jun Shin ◽  
Young Tae Yoo ◽  
Byung Heon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Welding Speed ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Dissimilar Metal

Laser welding process is widely used in the industrial field due to its numerous advantages: a small heat affected zone(HAZ), deep penetration, high welding speed, ease of automation, single-pass thick section capability, enhanced design flexibility, and small distortion after welding. In this paper, the laser weldability of Austenite stainless steel and INCONEL600 at dissimilar metal welds using a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser are experimentally investigated. INCONEL600 is being used in a steam generator tubing of pressurized water reactor(PWR) exposed to some corrosion. Therefore stress corrosion cracking can occur on this material. A research work is conducted to determine effects of welding parameters, on eliminating or reducing the extent welding zone formation at dissimilar metal welds and to optimize those parameters that have the most influence parameters such as focus length, laser power and welding speed were tested.

Effect of Porosity on Residual Stress of 2024-Aluminum GTAW Specimen

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarawadee Poolperm ◽  
Wasawat Nakkiew
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tensile Residual Stress ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aluminum alloys are used widely in many applications due to its low in density which can lead to a lightweight product. A high percentage of Cu in the chemical composition of the 2024 aluminum alloys helps withstand the occurrence of corrosion as well. Thus, aluminum alloy grade 2024 is used as a material for several parts in aircraft and spacecraft components, (e.g. the body of commercial airplanes), as well as parts in many other applications. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is used widely in joining material parts together. Inappropriate welding parameters usually cause problems such as porosity in the welding. The occurrence of porosity is undesirable in welding because it can affect the strength of the welding area as well as other properties. Tensile residual stress near the surface of the material expedites the fatigue crack initiation. The relationship of porosity and residual stress for GTAW parts was very limited in literatures. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the relationship of porosity to the occurrence of residual stress after the welding process. Full factorial design of experimental technique was used for setting up welding conditions of the GTAW. The specimen with highest porosity was selected for further analysis of its effect on residual stress. Porosity was analyzed by the radiographic testing (RT) and the residual stress was measure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using sin2 method. The results showed that the highest porosity in the welded bead was found at the current of 130 A, the welding speed of 210 mm./min., and the wire feed rate of 700 mm./min. The results also suggested that lower current and welding speed caused an increase in porosity. The residual stress results on both longitude and transverse directions showed tensile residual stress at locations around the welded bead area.

scholarly journals Underwater Pulse-Current FCAW - Part 1: Waveform and Process Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (05) ◽  
pp. 135s-145s ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUANBAO JIA ◽  
◽  
JUNFEI WU ◽  
YANFEI HAN ◽  
YONG ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Current ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Repulsive Forces

The typical metal transfer mode in conventional underwater wet flux cored arc welding (FCAW) delivers large droplet repulsive transfer with low frequency. The process stability and the weld quality are seriously deteriorated with significant spatter and frequent arc extinctions. It is thought the repulsive forces applied on droplets can be reduced by rapidly decreasing the welding current, making the droplets sag and oscillate. A novel underwater pulsecurrent FCAW was proposed to periodically regulate the forces applied on droplets. The experimental system was developed with specially designed pulse current and reliable arc length control. Visual and electrical signals were collected simultaneously to study the process features. It was found that the maximum droplet diameter decreased to less than 5 mm; the temporary arc-extinguishing frequency decreased significantly; there was almost no short-circuit transfer and surface-tension transfer; and the stability of the welding process was significantly improved.

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