Development and Characterization of Beverages from Tigernut Milk, Pineapple and Coconut Fruit Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Jimoh Abdulfatai ◽  
Abdulkareem Ambali Saka ◽  
Ayo Samuel Afolabi ◽  
Kadiri Diana
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
New Products ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zero Growth

Two species of tigernut tuber (yellow and brown i.e. fresh and dried) were processed in different ways to formulate three new products, Product 1-Apple Tigernut Beverage (ATB), Product 2-Pineapple Tigernut Beverage (PTB) and Product 3-Coconut Tiger nut Beverage (CTB). ATB, PTB and CTB were blends of Apple juice, Pineapple juice and Coconut milk with the Tiger nut milk (yellow and brown mixed separately) by substitution at ratio (YTM:AJ, BTM:AJ) (YTM:PJ, BTM:PJ) (YTM:CJ, BTM:CJ) 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100. These samples were evaluated for their chemical composition, physiochemical properties, vitamins, mineral content, sensory and shell life and the samples maintained a good statue. Statistical analysis was carried out in chemical composition of which the result significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) existed between yellow tiger nut milk brown tiger nut milk at 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 but sample 0:100 of AJ, PJ and CJ were not significantly difference (P > 0.05). From the chemical composition results it was observed that the beverages had high content of moisture, carbohydrate and energy value. However, the beverages were fairly rich in protein, ash and fat contents. The microbial result of fungi was a bit at variance with standard record. Although, all samples were highly accepted but coconut tigernut beverage had the highest acceptability. Microbial content ranged from zero growth to 103cfu/ml which was not critical to the wholesomeness of the products. Furthermore, samples were stored in an air tight container in a cool place and were seen to last for 10 days before fermentation set in, hence, the presence of CO2increased their shell life.

scholarly journals Integration of Dental Implants in Conjunction with EDTA-Conditioned Dentin Grafts: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Payam Farzad ◽  
Ted Lundgren ◽  
Adel Al-Asfour ◽  
Lars Andersson ◽  
Christer Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C And N ◽  
Micro Implants ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

This study was undertaken to investigate the integration of titanium micro-implants installed in conjunction with previously dentin-grafted areas and to study the morphological appearance, mineral content, and healing pattern of xenogenic EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks and granules grafted to cavities in the tibial bone of rabbits. Demineralized and non-demineralized dentin blocks and granules from human premolars were implanted into cavities prepared on the lateral aspects of the tibias of rabbits. After a healing period of six months, micro-implants were installed at each surgical site. Histological examinations were carried out after 24 weeks. Characterization of the EDTA-conditioned dentin blocks was performed by means of light microscopy, dental X-rays, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). No implants were found to be integrated in direct contact with the dentin particles or blocks. On the EDTA-conditioned dentin surface, the organic marker elements C and N dominated, as revealed by EDX. The hydroxyapatite constituents Ca and P were almost absent on the dentin surface. No statistically significant difference was observed between the EDTA-conditioned and non-demineralized dentin, as revealed by BIC and BA. The bone-inductive capacity of the dentin material seemed limited, although demineralization by means of EDTA indicated higher BIC and BA values in conjunction with the installed implants in the area. A 12 h EDTA treatment did not fully decalcify the grafts, as revealed by X-ray analysis.

Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
David Buote ◽  
Craig R. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semisynthetic 50–50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
David Buote ◽  
Craig R. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semi-synthetic 50-50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

scholarly journals Physical, Nutritional and Functional Properties of Walnuts Genotypes (Juglans regia L.) from Romania

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Olimpia A. Iordănescu ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Ioana P. Buhan ◽  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Adina A. Berbecea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
The World ◽  
Proximate Chemical Composition

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the oldest fruit grown in the world and grows spontaneously almost throughout Romania. In this study, the physical properties and chemical composition of twenty types of walnuts from three different locations in Romania were studied. The physical analyzes that were performed were: walnut dimensions and shape properties (nut diameter, nut length, nut shape and nut size), fruit properties (walnut weight, walnut kernel weight and percentage of kernel) and external properties of walnut (walnut kernel extraction, kernel color and shell roughness). The proximate chemical composition (content of water, ash, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) was determined by standardized AOAC methods, while fatty compounds were determined by GSMS. Water content ranged from 1.23% to 5.00%, mineral content between 1.31% and 2.49%, lipids content between 56.09% and 66.56% and protein content ranged between 12.73% and 20.413%. Based on these, the carbohydrate content and nutritional value of the 20 walnut samples were calculated. In all samples, saturated palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) as well as unsaturated oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids were determined. A statistical analysis was also performed correlating the results obtained from the chemical analyzes of the walnuts.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ENAMEL AFTER MICROABRASION TECHNIQUE

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Dos Santos Bertoldo ◽  
Nubia Inocencya Pavesi Pini ◽  
Diogo De Azevedo Miranda ◽  
Anderson Catelan ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Diamond Paste

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the enamel microhardness, surface roughness, and chemical composition after microabrasion technique, followed by polishing and different immersion times in artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety enamel blocks (25 mm2) from bovine incisors were divided into two groups (G1 and G2), and then subdivided in five subgroups (n = 9) according to their microabrasion treatment and polishing with a diamond paste: 35% phosphoric acid and pumice (H3PO4+Pum) and polishing; just H3PO4+Pum; 6.6% hydrochloric acid and silica (HCl+Sil) and polishing; just HCl+Sil; and control (no treatment). For G1, roughness and microhardness analyses were performed before (L1) and after (L2) microabrasion. After 15 (L3) and 30 (L4) days of immersion in artificial saliva, microhardness analysis was also performed. After (L4) analysis, the specimens were subjected to SEM analysis. G2 was used for the chemical analysis using energy dispersion testing (EDS). The data was subjected to statistical analysis (α = 5%). For roughness, L2 presented higher values than L1, except for the polished groups. For microhardness, L2 presented higher values than L1, except for unpolished groups. The L3 and L4 did not differ and were higher than L1. RESULTS: No changes were observed in the phosphorus concentrations of the microabrasioned enamel. However, the specimens treated with HCl+Sil were observed as having decreased calcium and increased chlorine and silica on the EDS test. CONCLUSION: Microabrasion followed by polishing and immersion in artificial saliva for 15 days is enough to increase the microhardness of microabrasioned enamel surfaces, although the microabrasion procedure can alter the mineral content of the enamel.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of the pulp and peel of Brazilian Pitomba (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e122911774
Author(s):  
Layanne Nascimento Fraga ◽  
Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Pinheiro Aragão ◽  
Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Elma Regina Silva de Andrade Wartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
The State ◽  
High Income ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Physico Chemical

This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical composition and bioactive compounds of pulp and the peel of the pitomba arising from the state of Sergipe/Brazil. The income, the physico-chemical characterization, mineral content, vitamin C and carotenoids of pulp and pitomba peel were determined. The peel presented high income (44,60% of the fruit). A significant amount of vitamin C (20,68 ± 2,93 mg/100g of fresh sample) and carotenoids (43,56 ± 2,04 μg/mL of the extract) were observed in the pulp, while the peel had a high mineral content, mainly potassium (223,00 ± 2,00 mg/100g), calcium (78,90 ± 0,40 mg/100g) and magnesium (47,50 ± 0,90 mg/100g). The constituents’ knowledge of the peel and pulp of the pitomba in natura adds value to the fruit, since it allows a better use of it, considering that the peel is discarded and only its pulp is consumed.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characterization of Nabeghlavi Underground Mineral Waters

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Akaki Maghlakelidze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Stable Regime ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Drill Holes

Georgia is rich in groundwater deposits, which renew over time and are characterized by the best indicators of water quality and a stable regime. Groundwater is one of the main natural productive forces of Georgia, which plays an important role in the economic development and export industry. During 2015–2020, chemical composition of the Nabeghlavi mineral waters has been studied by the means of the modern unified methods. Almost all data from previous chemical analyzes have also been retrieved and systematized/collated. Using mathematical statistical analysis, the maximum, minimum, and mean arithmetic values of the major and specific components of water and the empirical deviation from the arithmetic mean have been calculated. Though comparison of the recent and historic data on chemical composition, based on the results of statistical analysis of the major ions, the natural fluctuation limits of the waters and stability of waters from all exploitation drill holes have been shown. According to the chemical composition and total mineralization there are three groups of waters in fresh and low mineralized category. It is shown that chemical composition of water from all exploitation drill holes meets requirements for the natural mineral water category, both the normative document of Georgia and directive of the European Commission.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FEATURES OF WEIGHT GROWTH, AGE AND DIRECTION OF BREED PRODUCTIVITY ON BEEF QUALITY INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ugnivenko ◽  
N. Slobodyanyuk ◽  
O. Shtonda ◽  
T. Antoniuk ◽  
O. Pylypchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

A comparative assessment of beef in the interbreed and age aspects of animals carried out. A specific difference in the beef quality from meat and dairy breeds raised in Kyiv and Cherkasy regions has been determined. The influence of different parameters of weight growth and slaughter age on the chemical composition of beef of 20-22-month-old bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy and meat breeds was established. The chemical composition of beef of young Ukrainian dairy and meat breeds has a significant difference. Meat bulls are inferior to dairy peers in terms of dry meat content (28.8 and 31.8%) and mineral content (5.9 times) and fat content (10.2 and 12.6 times). There is no difference in protein content between the groups. In the increasing the age of slaughter of young dairy and meat direction of productivity, the content of dry matter, minerals and fat does not change significantly. Only dairy animals at the age of 20 months have a higher protein content. Before the age of 22 months, animals of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed tend to increase their fat content with a slight reduction in protein. The weight of the animals before slaughter does not affect the chemical composition of beef. The dry matter content with an increase in actual live weight before slaughter has only a tendency to increase. There is no significant difference in protein, fat and mineral content. With faster growth of animals of both breeds, only the protein content in beef tends to increase, and the content of minerals - to decrease. The meat of bulls of the Ukrainian meat breed tends to increase in fat by 0.3 points as their growth increases. Comparison of chemical composition m. Longissimus dorsi of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy and beef cattle shows that the beef of the Ukrainian meat breed, which responds to satisfactory feeding with rapid growth of muscle tissue and late formation of adipose tissue, meets the market requirements the most. The biological feature of these cattle, in contrast to the dairy breed, is that the increase in their weight up to 20-22 months of age is mainly due to the accumulation of muscle tissue and moderate growth of adipose tissue. Beef from it should be considered a lenten, so it is in great demand. The accumulation of fat in the bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed is somewhat intensified. The ratio of protein to fat at 20 months in bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy is 1 to 0.29, while in Ukrainian meat - only 1 to 0.03

scholarly journals Aromatic compound in different peach cultivars and effect of preservatives on the final aroma of cooked fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Bavcon-Kralj ◽  
Tjasa Jug ◽  
Erika Komel ◽  
Nikita Fajt ◽  
Kristjan Jarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

In our study, we were used four yellow-fleshed peach cultivars ?Royal Glory?, ?Redhaven", 'Maria Marta' and 'Norman', during two-year period. The characterization of aromatic constituents of investigated cultivars was done using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME). The intention was to make implicit discrimination between cultivars by analysis of components present in all cultivars during two-year period. Also, the impact of added preservatives (Na-benzoate and citric acid) on the final aroma of cooked peaches was studied. The cultivars' differences and the impact of preservatives (Na-benzoate and citric acid) were statistically evaluated. Multiple discriminant analysis of peaches? aromatic profile was used to segregate investigated peach cultivars. Although they were very similar, the cultivars were segregated by two discriminant function, function 1 (which accounted for 56.9% of this peach model) and function 2 (31.7%). The use of preservatives had also an important impact on the aromatic profile of cooked peaches. The statistical analysis indicated that from 57 identified volatiles, 40 volatiles showed statistically significant difference regarding the way of preservation. The main negative impact had Na-benzoate compared to control or samples preserved with citric acid.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

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