Design of Natural Gas Ejector in the Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 1753-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fei Chen ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Jian Chun Xiao ◽  
Ke Ming Liu ◽  
Lian Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mixed State ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Ejection Time ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Cng Engine ◽  
Jet Control ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Through Hole

in order to meet the requirements of the supplying system of CNG engine to the mixed state of fuel and the ejection time control of fuel, the overall structure of CNG fuel ejector is given. The structural characteristics of the main components of the CNG ejectors are analyzed and the structure parameters which have significant effect on the performance of the ejector are designed and calculated. Through the calculation on the through-hole diameter, spring, coil and minimum wall thickness, it is indicated that the designed ejector satisfies the demand of the jet pressure and jet control.

Ozonation of natural organic matter and aquatic humic substances: the effects of ozone on the structural characteristics and subsequent trihalomethane formation potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Sadrnourmohammadi ◽  
Kenneth Brezinski ◽  
Beata Gorczyca
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Humic Fractions

Abstract The effect of ozonation on the structural and chemical characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) and its isolated humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid, were studied using Fourier transform infrared coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and synchronous scanning fluorescence (SSF) spectroscopy. The results were linked to the effect of ozonation on trihalomethane formation potential (THMfp) reduction for water standards with high THM precursors. Results showed that ozonation at a dose of 1 mg ozone/mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was capable of reducing DOC, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and THMfp by up to 42%, 95%, and 89% for the HA water standard, respectively. The study of UV/Vis, FTIR-ATR, and SSF revealed trends showing that ozone can alter the composition of DOC in the water standards, causing a significant reduction in aromaticity. The reduction of UV254 for each ozonated sample also affirms that ozone mainly targets aromatic moieties contained in NOM. FTIR-ATR results showed that the reduction of unsaturated functional groups, including aromatic rings and C = C bonds in the water standards tested, were the main components impacted by ozone application. SSF results also revealed that ozonation decreases the fluorescence intensity of the maximum peak – as well as the whole spectra.

Improving the Mechanical Properties in Tissue Engineered Scaffolds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Arafat ◽  
M. M. Savalani ◽  
I. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Through Hole

Scaffold-based tissue engineering research aims to aid in the repair and regeneration of bone defects. Scaffolds act as a basis for carrying cells or therapeutic agents for regenerative therapies. To achieve this, the scaffold should have appropriate osteoconductive, osteoinductive and biodegradable properties. To date, such structures have only been used with some success in low-load bearing applications, despite the large variety of biomaterials and fabrication techniques explored in the last two decades. Previous studies have illustrated the suitability of the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process in fabricating PCL-20% β-TCP scaffolds for low-load bearing bone tissue engineering applications. This paper aims to demonstrate the possibility of increasing the mechanical properties of such scaffolds by introducing a through-hole. In addition, it is conjectured that such through-holes may also become useful for the channeling or storage of nutrients. A number of scaffolds with through-holes of various sizes were fabricated in order to study the effect of the through-hole diameter on the modulus (stiffness) of the complete scaffold. It was observed that the stiffness of the scaffolds varies with the diameter of the through-hole. After a certain through-hole diameter threshold the stiffness of the scaffold begins to increase above that of the original scaffold. An improvement of approximately 37% was observed in the PCL-20% β-TCP scaffolds. Also, it was noted that the threshold value for the through-hole diameter depends on the spacing of the adjacent filaments of the scaffolds.

Structure Characteristics of Ce-Inoculated, Low Sulphur Grey Cast Irons

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Anton ◽  
Iulian Riposan
Keyword(s):  
Control Parameter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Grey Cast ◽  
Fesi Alloy

The structural characteristics of electric melt, as-cast grey irons were studied in critical solidification conditions, such as very low sulphur content (< 0.025%) and a low (%Mn) x (%S) control parameter (< 0.015) with low Al residual (< 0.002%), without resulphurising or preconditioning. The efficiency of Ce-Ca-Al-FeSi alloy was tested at lower addition rates (0.15-0.25wt.%), as traditionally high inoculant addition rates have been employed in low sulphur grey cast irons. Ce bearing ferrosilicon with similar Ca and Al levels appears to be more efficient than a commercial Ba-Ca-Al-FeSi inoculant, especially at low addition rates (< 0.2wt.%) for the key structure parameters: fewer carbides and less undercooled graphite with small eutectic cells at a higher count.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Chen ◽  
Wen-wen Jiang ◽  
Shi-qi Zhang ◽  
Jian-quan Kan ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6)α-D-Glcp(1→6)  α-D-Glcp (1→]nby methylation analysis and NMR. In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. However,O2-∙clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree.

The Comparative Analysis of Structure and Energy Consumption between Electric Cars and Traditional Fuel Cars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2301-2306
Author(s):  
Ji Chao Hong ◽  
Tie Zhu Zhang ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Ying Jie Hao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Main Components

Because of the defects in energy utilization and environment protection of the traditional fuel vehicle, the electric cars have increasing market advantage. This paper analyzed the main structural characteristics of the electric cars by comparing the traditional fuel vehicles from the vehicle structure principle, main components and so on. We known the electric car is different from traditional fuel vehicle in energy consumption economy from energy consumption analysis of the two aspects of efficiency and fuel consumption per hundred kilometers. It is concluded that electric vehicles are significantly higher than the traditional fuel efficiency cars and fuel consumption per hundred kilometers is lower than the traditional fuel cars by comparative analysis. To study the ways to improve the efficiency of energy of electric vehicles, we analyzed the key problems to further improve the development space of energy efficiency, pointed out the key problems which should be researched in the future.

Research on Formation Mechanism of Grinding Wheel Oxide Film in ELID Ultra Precision Mirror Grinding

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Xiao Gao ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Cheng Xing Xiao ◽  
Cheng Zu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Mirror Grinding

The characteristics, structural characteristics and composition of the grinding wheel oxide film is revealed by the theoretical analysis and simulating test in pre-dressing process of the ELID ultra precision mirror grinding, and the validity of oxide film formation mechanism analysis is verified by ELID experiments. Mirror grinding of hard brittle materials can be realized by on-line real-time control of the thickness of the oxide film.

scholarly journals The influence of sampling unit size and spatial arrangement patterns on neighborhood-based spatial structure analyses of forest stands

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxinag Wang ◽  
Gongqiao Zhang ◽  
Gangying Hui ◽  
Yuanfa Li ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Unit Size ◽  
Structure Unit ◽  
Dominance Indices ◽  
Selection Of

Aim of the study: Neighborhood-based stand spatial structure parameters can quantify and characterize forest spatial structure effectively. How these neighborhood-based structure parameters are influenced by the selection of different numbers of nearest-neighbor trees is unclear, and there is some disagreement in the literature regarding the appropriate number of nearest-neighbor trees to sample around reference trees. Understanding how to efficiently characterize forest structure is critical for forest management.Area of study: Multi-species uneven-aged forests of Northern ChinaMaterial and methods: We simulated stands with different spatial structural characteristics and systematically compared their structure parameters when two to eight neighboring trees were selected.Main results: Results showed that values of uniform angle index calculated in the same stand were different with different sizes of structure unit. When tree species and sizes were completely randomly interspersed, different numbers of neighbors had little influence on mingling and dominance indices. Changes of mingling or dominance indices caused by different numbers of neighbors occurred when the tree species or size classes were not randomly interspersed and their changing characteristics can be detected according to the spatial arrangement patterns of tree species and sizes.Research highlights: The number of neighboring trees selected for analyzing stand spatial structure parameters should be fixed. We proposed that the four-tree structure unit is the best compromise between sampling accuracy and costs for practical forest management.

scholarly journals The Sources of Fiscal Fluctuations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (220) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Levy ◽  
Luca Ricci ◽  
Alejandro Werner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commodity Export ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fiscal Outcomes

This paper assesses the dynamic impact of global macroeconomic conditions, commodity price movements, shifts in portfolio preferences, and domestic shocks on fiscal outcomes—notably the budget deficit, its main components, and debt—across a wide range of countries. Heterogeneity is investigated across the level of development and other structural characteristics. Dynamics are explored via panel local projections, while robustness is assessed via dynamic panel and system GMM regressions. World growth, financial risk appetite, political events, and commodity export prices are key determinants of fiscal outcomes in EM, while domestic growth, commodity import prices, and banking crises appear to matter more in AE. Our estimates help quantify the amount of fiscal risk generated by various factors, and thus provide inputs for the design of potential insurance mechanisms or state-contingent debt instruments that could assist in smoothing fiscal fluctuations.

scholarly journals Assessment of the ecological state of the pond on the phytoplankton indicators (for example, Kuchane Lake, Pskov Region)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Tatiana Victorovna Drozdenko ◽  
Anastasiya Andreevna Kurka
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components

Aquatic ecosystems are in balance with the external environment factors and have a complex system of biological connections, disturbed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. First of all, the influence of anthropogenic factors affect the taxonomic composition of aquatic communities. Assessment of the degree of water pollution on the composition of living organisms to quickly establish its ecological condition. In summer 2016 the first time studied the planktonic algae Kuchane Lake located in Pushkinogorsky district of the Pskov Region on the territory of the Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin Mikhailovskoye. Phytoplankton is one of the main components of the aquatic ecosystem, quickly responding to any changes in the environmental conditions, and its structural characteristics are the important elements in evaluating the ecological state of the pond. The article discusses the use of phytoplankton to assess the water quality of Kuchane Lake. Showed taxonomic composition of phytoplankton of the lake in the summer. Algae is characterized by relatively high species diversity. One hundred twenty six species taxa of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phylums were identified during the research: Chlorophyta (45), Bacillariophyta (38), Euglenohyta (15), Cyanophyta/ Cyanoprocaryota (9), Dinophyta (7), Chrysohyta (6), Сryptophyta (5), Xanthophyta (1). The basis of phytoplankton up green and diatoms. Investigated ecological and geographical analysis of phytoplankton and saprobiological analysis of the quality of the lake water.

scholarly journals The Influence of Structure Parameters on Nanoantennas’ Optical Response

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas ◽  
João Paulo N. Torres ◽  
António Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Optical Response ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Circular Holes ◽  
Response Peak ◽  
Response Dependence

Currently, huge opportunities for the inclusion of new optical devices in our lives have been appearing. There are evident and irrefutable examples for nanoantenna applications. They can be used to improve already developed devices or even be used as the device. In both cases, they can be applied in diverse areas, such as medicine, environment, energy, defense, and communications. A square arrayed metallic nanoantenna composed of circular holes is studied by performing simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. This article aims to study the influence of the nanoantenna’s metal, silver, gold, copper and aluminum, but also the optical response dependence on the nanoantenna’s periodicity, its thickness, the hole diameter, and the number of holes. It is evidenced that the optical response can be tuned using the structure parameters and by choosing an appropriate material. This tuning will allow developers to fulfil the specifications, since it is proven that the response peak can be deliberately shifted, amplified, or attenuated.

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