Applicability of Modified TOPMODEL in the Arid Zone and the Humid Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1418-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Jing Wen Xu ◽  
Jun Fang Zhao ◽  
Peng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Humid Zone

This study aims at discussing the applicability of modified TOPMODEL in different areas with various climate conditions in China, choosing the Youshuijie catchment (the humid zone) and the Yingluoxia catchment (the arid zone) . Hydro-meteorological data and 90-m-resolution DEMs are used for driving the models. From the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NE), we can see that TOPMODEL performed much better in the Youshujie catchment than in the Yingluoxia catchment, which suggests that modified TOPMODEL is much more suitable in the humid zone.

scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of Municipal Sludge as a Low-Grade Nutrient Source: A Case Study from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9950
Author(s):  
Eyob Habte Tesfamariam ◽  
Zekarias Mihreteab Ogbazghi ◽  
John George Annandale ◽  
Yemane Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Humid Zone

Municipal sludge has economic value as a low-grade fertilizer as it consists of appreciable amounts of the macro and micronutrients. When using sludge as fertilizer, the economic aspect should be taken into account. In this study, the following specific objectives were identified: (a) to investigate the economic feasibility of using sludge as a fertilizer; (b) to estimate the maximum economic distance sludge can be transported as a fertilizer; and (c) to test the economic feasibility of selling sludge using commercial inorganic fertilizer as a bench mark. The study showed that for anaerobically digested, paddy dried, municipal sludge consisting of 3% N, 2% P, and 0.3% K the economic feasibility of transporting the sludge was limited to a diameter of 20 km in the arid zone, 28 km in the semi-arid zone, 51 km in the sub humid zone, 66 km in the humid zone, and 75 km in the super-humid zone. Therefore, the economic feasibility of using sludge as a substitute for or complementary to commercial inorganic fertilizer is dictated by the distance between the wastewater care work and the farm, sludge nutrient concentration, agro-ecological zone (rain and temperature), and the real-time commercial inorganic fertilizer price.

scholarly journals Seasonal influence of snow conditions on Dall’s sheep productivity in Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0244787
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Cosgrove ◽  
Jeff Wells ◽  
Anne W. Nolin ◽  
Judy Putera ◽  
Laura R. Prugh
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Dall’S Sheep

Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) are endemic to alpine areas of sub-Arctic and Arctic northwest America and are an ungulate species of high economic and cultural importance. Populations have historically experienced large fluctuations in size, and studies have linked population declines to decreased productivity as a consequence of late-spring snow cover. However, it is not known how the seasonality of snow accumulation and characteristics such as depth and density may affect Dall’s sheep productivity. We examined relationships between snow and climate conditions and summer lamb production in Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska over a 37-year study period. To produce covariates pertaining to the quality of the snowpack, a spatially-explicit snow evolution model was forced with meteorological data from a gridded climate re-analysis from 1980 to 2017 and calibrated with ground-based snow surveys and validated by snow depth data from remote cameras. The best calibrated model produced an RMSE of 0.08 m (bias 0.06 m) for snow depth compared to the remote camera data. Observed lamb-to-ewe ratios from 19 summers of survey data were regressed against seasonally aggregated modelled snow and climate properties from the preceding snow season. We found that a multiple regression model of fall snow depth and fall air temperature explained 41% of the variance in lamb-to-ewe ratios (R2 = .41, F(2,38) = 14.89, p<0.001), with decreased lamb production following deep snow conditions and colder fall temperatures. Our results suggest the early establishment and persistence of challenging snow conditions is more important than snow conditions immediately prior to and during lambing. These findings may help wildlife managers to better anticipate Dall’s sheep recruitment dynamics.

scholarly journals Numerical Climatic Analysis of Soybean Development in Sowing Dates in Humid Subtropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Roberto Trentin ◽  
Ivan Carlos Maldaner ◽  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Climatological Station ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the mean duration and the interannual variability of phenological subperiods and total soybean development cycle for 11 sowing dates in the humid subtropical climate conditions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas agroclimatological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the main climatological station of Santa Maria. The soybean development simulation was performed considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0, with intervals between the sowing dates of approximately 10 days, comprising September, 21 to December, 31. The data of phenological subperiods duration and total development cycle were subjected to the exploratory analysis BoxPlot, analysis of variance and mean comparison by the Scott-Knott test, with 5% of probability. The development cycle duration is greater in Pelotas than in Santa Maria. There was a decrease in soybean cycle duration from the first to the last sowing date for both locations. The R1-R5 subperiod duration is decreasing from October to December due to photoperiod reduction.

Assessment of future climate change impacts on the hydrological regime of selected Greek areas with different climate conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Paparrizos ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Future

Assessment of future variations of streamflow is essential for research regarding climate and climate change. This study is focused on three agricultural areas widespread in Greece and aims to assess the future response of annual and seasonal streamflow and its impacts on the hydrological regime, in combination with other fundamental aspects of the hydrological cycle in areas with different climate classification. ArcSWAT ArcGIS extension was used to simulate the future responses of streamflow. Future meteorological data were obtained from various regional climate models, and analysed for the periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100. In all the examined areas, streamflow is expected to be reduced. Areas characterized by continental climate will face minor reductions by the mid-century that will become very intense by the end and thus these areas will become more resistant to future changes. Autumn season will face the strongest reductions. Areas characterized by Mediterranean conditions will be very vulnerable in terms of future climate change and winter runoff will face the most significant decreases. Reduced precipitation is the main reason for decreased streamflow. High values of actual evapotranspiration by the end of the century will act as an inhibitor towards reduced runoff and partly counterbalance the water losses.

scholarly journals Realtime monitoring for groundwater level and local climate based on universal communication system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Rony Teguh ◽  
Hepryandi Usup
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The People ◽  
Universal Communication

The groundwater level and weather patterns and climate conditions are several of the very significant factors which influence the quality of livelihood and the other activity of the tropical peatland environment. The current method of groundwater level and meteorological information aggregate build the use of certain expensive weather station devices, prominent to a lack of vast monitoring suitable to cost barriers and disturbance in some countries. In this research, we have developed and implemented a hardware module based on an Arduino microcontroller and mobile communication, which measures the groundwater level and meteorological data, including air temperature, air humidity, and soil temperature, and humidity, rainfall in peatland area. The data groundwater level is received by a specially developed application interface running on an Internet of Things (IoT) connected through a Global Mobile System (GSM) communication. In this work, our proposed system is a model system that can able to generate alerts based on the real-time groundwater level and data weather as potential peat fire in Indonesia. It provides online and data real-time monitoring. In this works, we have resulted in a system to monitor the groundwater level and data weather alert, condition mapping, and warn the people from its disastrous effects.

scholarly journals Mapping of agro-ecological zones of North-West India in context to climate change using Geographical Information System

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
MOHAN SINGH ◽  
R.K. AGGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Humid Zone ◽  
North West ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

A study was conducted to quantify agro-climatic and agro-ecological zones in north-west India using 34 years (1980-1914) weather data of twenty two agro-meteorological stations of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The weather data and the coordinates were converted into decimal system for each meteorological station, for spatial analysis. The map of north-west India was digitized and thermal, humidity, rainfall and moisture index and Length of growing period layers were prepared in the GIS environment using Arc GIS 10.1. These layers were combined by union operation and polygons were grouped into different zones. The moisture index and length of growing period zones were integrated with other spatial input layers of soil texture on logical manner to demarcate different agro-climatic and agro-ecological zones and sub zones. Based on texture the soils of study area were broadly characterized in five classes. North-west India was divided into ten agro-climatic zones as Z-1 to Z-10 and thirty six sub agro-ecological zones which represent homogeneity with respect to climate, growing periods and soil texture, which covers all features of abiotic crop environment. These zones helped to adjust cropping season according to moisture, temperature, vegetations and their combination regime. A shift in climatic belt was observed towards south-west as moist sub humid zone in Haryana which did not exist in old climatic map of Haryana. Itwas a new zone noticed in this state. The south-western limit of dry sub humid zone shifted about 40 km and of semi-arid zone shifted to about 60 km. The study will be very useful in the planning of farming system as well as cropping systems and may fill the gaps in ecological zonation of the area.

scholarly journals Rainfall-runoff simulation of Bagmati River Basin, Nepal

Jalawaayu ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Yam Prasad Dhital ◽  
Binod Dawadi ◽  
Dambaru Ballab Kattel ◽  
Krishna Chandra Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Rugged Topography ◽  
Relative Coefficient ◽  
Monthly Runoff

Runoff simulation is a complex problem in mountain catchments due to high rainfall variability and rugged topography. In the lower parts of Nepal, river flooding is a serious disaster problem in July and August; sometimes it also occurs in September. In this context, Hydro-Informatic Modeling System (HIMS) was used for daily and monthly runoff simulation from the set of daily hydro-meteorological data (Maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, and discharge) in the time series 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2009, respectively. The model performed well for the monthly runoff simulation, whereas the efficiency coefficient and relative coefficient both were found a very good correlation between observed and simulated hydrographs, which varied between 0.883 to 0.940 and 0.889 to 0.945, respectively. However, the efficiency coefficient and relative coefficient both were found a very poor correlation between observed and simulated hydrographs for the daily runoff simulation, which averaged 0.342 and 0.348, respectively. The daily simulation result also might have been improved, if more number of uniformly distributed meteorological station data is available.

scholarly journals Comparison of two mapping methods of potential distribution of pests under present and changed climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kocmánková ◽  
M. Trnka ◽  
Z. Žalud ◽  
D. Semerádová ◽  
M. Dubrovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Global Circulation Models

The study compares two methods for modeling the potential distribution of pests when applied to the European corn borer (<I>Ostrinia nubilalis</I>Hubner). The development of the European corn borer (ECB) is known to be closely correlated with daily air temperature as well as other climate variables. The climatic parameters are, therefore, used to predict the potential geographical distribution using tested tools such as CLIMEX or ECAMON. These models consider the climatic suitability of a given site/region for the pest’s development and, thus, the possible establishment of a population at a given location. In this study, meteorological data from 1961 to 2000 and from 45 meteorological stations were used to characterise the current climate conditions in the Czech Republic. Validation was based on available field data of the occurrence of ECB in the same period. The climate parameters were later modified according to the estimates based on the combination of three SRES emission scenarios and three global circulation models. Under all climate change scenarios, we noted a marked shift of the pest’s potential niches to higher altitudes, which might lead to an increase in the infestation pressure during the first half of this century. The present area of the univoltine population will increase due to temperature increases even above 800 m a.s.l. In addition there is a risk of the establishment of a bivoltine population in the main agricultural areas and 38% of arable land in the Czech Republic before 2050.

scholarly journals Neuro-fuzzy systems to estimate reference evapotranspiration

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousaab Zakhrouf ◽  
Hamid Bouchelkia ◽  
Madani Stamboul
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Subtractive Clustering ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Semi Empirical

Routine and rapid estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) at regional scale is of great significance for agricultural, hydrological and climatic studies. A large number of empirical or semi-empirical equations have been developed for assessing ET from meteorological data. The FAO-56 PM is one of the most important methods used to estimate evapotranspiration. The advantage of FAO-56 PM is a physically based method that requires a large number of climatic parameter data. In this paper, the potential of two types of neuro-fuzzy system, including ANFIS based on subtractive clustering (S_ANFIS), ANFIS based on the fuzzy C-means clustering method (F_ANFIS), and multiple linear regression (MLR), were used in modelling daily evapotranspiration (ET0). For this purpose various daily climate data – air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (U) and insolation duration (ID) – from Dar El Beidain Algiers, Algeria, were used as inputs for the ANFIS and MLR models to estimate the ET0 obtained by FAO-56 based on the Penman-Monteith equation. The obtained results show that the performances of S_ANFIS model yield superior to those of F_ANFIS and MLR models. It can be judged from results of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (EC) where S_ANFIS (EC = 94.01%) model can improve the performances of F_ANFIS (EC = 93.00%) and MLR (EC = 92.12%) during the test period, respectively.

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