Scouring Cotton Fabric by Water-Extracted Substance from Soap Nut Fruits and Licorice

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 768-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antika Noochuay ◽  
Porntip Sae-Bae ◽  
Pimpawan Kumphai ◽  
Siwipha Suangtho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Scouring Process ◽  
Fabric Weight

This study used water to extract substances from hulls of soap nut fruits (Sapindus Emarginatus) and licorice root (Glycyrrhizaglabra L.) found in Thailand to remove waxes in cotton scouring process. CMC value from soap nut fruits were found to be 6 mg/ml with surface tension of 54.67 mN/m and can be used as wetting agent when the temperature is lower than 70 °C. CMC value from licorice root was 10 mg/ml with surface tension of 51.50 mN/m and can be used as wetting agent at temperature higher than 95°C. The results exhibited that both substances can be used to remove waxes in cotton scouring process. At the 40% of substance powder by fabric weight, the cotton fabric absorbed water in 5 seconds.

Interactions of modified Gemini surfactants: Interactions with direct dyes and dyeing properties in cotton fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 1940002
Author(s):  
Chiu-Chun Lai ◽  
Kuo-Shien Huang ◽  
Po-Wei Su ◽  
Chang-Mou Wu ◽  
Ching-Nan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Isosbestic Point ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Direct Dyes ◽  
Normal Surface ◽  
Surface Activities ◽  
Surfactant Interactions ◽  
Red Dye

This study investigated dye–surfactant interactions between a series of modified Gemini surfactants and commercial direct dyes in aqueous solution and their corresponding effects on cotton fabric dyeing. A surface tension meter was also used to measure surface activities of compounds containing electrolyte under conditions similar to those in dyeing processes. The surface tension measurements showed lower than normal surface tension in surfactant solutions containing electrolyte. From the UV-Vis spectra, the isosbestic point indicated that dye–surfactant complexes had formed and existed as hydrophilic interaction between direct dyes and modified Gemini surfactants. When dyeing cotton fabric with red dye and orange dye, the presence of these surfactants decreased dye uptake rate but increased for blue dye because the dye–surfactant interaction had formed a hydrophilic complex.

An Analysis of how Water-Based Ink Affects the Low Energy Surface Wettability

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1383-1387
Author(s):  
Ling Jia ◽  
Bei Qing Huang ◽  
Xian Fu Wei ◽  
Na Feng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Surface Wetting ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Surface Contact Angle

Water-based ink in low-energy surface wetting more difficult and hinder its application. In order to solve water ink in low-energy on the surface wettability problem, change the kind of cosolvent, kind and content of surfactants prepared ink. They were tested in low-energy CD the surface contact Angle to examine wettability of ink, test the surface tension, ink affecting wettability factors were analyzed. Results show that: in water-based ink add isopropyl alcohol, flow ping agent 432 and substrate wetting agent 245, can better improve its surface wettability in low-energy, and base material wetting agent 245 content about 1.25% wet effect is good.

scholarly journals Effect of Workwear Fabric Characteristics on the Changes in Tensile Properties of Sewing Threads after Sewing

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Midha ◽  
V. K. Kothari ◽  
R. Chattopadhyay ◽  
A. Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Cotton Thread ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
Thread Strength ◽  
Fabric Weight ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Needle Thread

During sewing at high speed, the needle thread is subjected to repeated tensile stresses, heat, bending, pressure, torsion and wearing. These stresses act on the thread repeatedly and the thread passes 50–80 times through the fabric, the needle eye and the bobbin case mechanism, before getting incorporated into the seam. As a result both the sewing thread and the yarns in the fabric get abraded/ severed during the seaming process. A number of researchers observed that there could be 30% to 40% strength loss in the cotton needle thread after sewing. The extent of damage becomes more critical if the fabric being used is of a dense, thick and heavy construction. A number of studies have been carried out on thread strength loss after sewing, but the impact of fabric characteristics on thread strength loss is still unexplored. In this paper, the effect of weight and fabric composition of workwear fabrics, on the changes in the tenacity, breaking elongation and initial modulus of the needle thread has been studied. The tenacity and breaking elongation loss increase with increase in fabric weight for staple threads and remain unchanged for core spun threads. The loss in initial modulus increases for polyester threads as fabric weight increases, and decreases for cotton thread. When sewn on polyester-cotton fabric of same weight, the cotton thread shows decrease in tenacity and breaking elongation loss, whereas loss in initial modulus increases. The polyester core spun threads show exactly opposite change, i.e. tenacity and elongation loss increase and loss in initial modulus decreases when sewn on polyester-cotton fabric.

scholarly journals Perlukah Kita Menggunakan Obat Kumur?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Nia Yuniarsih
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Surface Active

Obat kumur dapat digunakan untuk dua tujuan. Mereka bersifat terapeutik dan kosmetik. Bersifat terapeutik pada pembedahan mulut atau mencuci, untuk mengurangi plak, radang gusi, karies gigi, dan stomatitis.Surfaktan digunakan karena dapat membantu pelarut rasa dan menghilangkan kotoran dengan memberikan tindakan berbusa. Agen pembasah (wetting agent) didefinisikan sebagai senyawa yang mempunyai aktifitas permukaan (surface active agent) sehingga dapat menurunkan tegangan permukaan (surface tension) antara udara – cairan dan cairan – cairan yang terdapat dalam suatu sistem.Jadi obat kumur merupakan pembersih tambahan dan bukan pengganti. Pada akhirnya, obat kumur hanya berfungsi untuk "penyegar" mulut.Keyword : obat kumur, radang, aktivitas permukaan, mulut

AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DETERMINING THE SMUT SPORE LOAD ON CEREAL SEED

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (3) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
W. J. Cherewick
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Colloidal Properties ◽  
Electrical Effect ◽  
Cereal Seed ◽  
Washing Water ◽  
Spore Load

The determinations of the smut spore loads present on cereal seed samples revealed that, owing to variability in surface tension and viscosity of the washings, and apparently to some electrical effect, the spore counts were unreliable. These sources of error were very largely eliminated by adding to the washing water a proprietary wetting agent that not only is a good electrolyte but also effectively reduces the surface tension, and by adding to the residue a gelatine sol, which, by virtue of its colloidal properties, promotes a better distribution of the spores.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

The Use of Styrenes as Embedding Media for Electron Microscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
Edward D. De-Lamater ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Thad Schoen ◽  
Cecil Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Styrene Polymerization ◽  
Radical Initiation ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Free Radical Initiation

Monomeric styrenes are demonstrated as excellent embedding media for electron microscopy. Monomeric styrene has extremely low viscosity and low surface tension (less than 1) affording extremely rapid penetration into the specimen. Spurr's Medium based on ERL-4206 (J.Ultra. Research 26, 31-43, 1969) is viscous, requiring gradual infiltration with increasing concentrations. Styrenes are soluble in alcohol and acetone thus fitting well into the usual dehydration procedures. Infiltration with styrene may be done directly following complete dehydration without dilution.Monomeric styrenes are usually inhibited from polymerization by a catechol, in this case, tertiary butyl catechol. Styrene polymerization is activated by Methyl Ethyl Ketone peroxide, a liquid, and probably acts by overcoming the inhibition of the catechol, acting as a source of free radical initiation.Polymerization is carried out either by a temperature of 60°C. or under ultraviolet light with wave lengths of 3400-4000 Engstroms; polymerization stops on removal from the ultraviolet light or heat and is therefore controlled by the length of exposure.

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