The Effects of Roller Conveyor on Muscle Activity in Workpiece Loading on CNC Machining Centre: A Preliminary Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 673-677
Author(s):  
M. Hafiz Zani ◽  
Halim Isa ◽  
S.M. Muhammad Syafiq ◽  
O. Rawaida ◽  
Z. Nuradilah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Roller Conveyor ◽  
Preliminary Study

In the recent years, Advance Manufacturing Technology (AMT) has been widely used in manufacturing industry to increase manufacturing process capability. However, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine designs have only focused on its operational capability. The harmonious coordination between users and CNC machines is often neglected, which can contribute to hazardous working practices that can affect the health of users. Bending posture while loading the work piece to the machine can cause fatigue and discomfort to the users. Thus, the focus of this preliminary study is to analyse the effect of CNC machine work piece loading on muscle activity levels and to determine the effectiveness of roller conveyor in reducing muscle activity levels. Muscle activity has been analysed using surface electromyography (sEMG) technique. Erector spinae, biceps and trapezius muscles were concurrently measured during the work piece loading. Five male subjects (n=5) participated in the pre-intervention study and two subjects (n=2) in the post-intervention study (roller conveyor implementation) participated to test the effectiveness of the roller conveyor. Result pre-intervention study found that muscle activity level of biceps was the highest followed by trapezius and erector spinae. Based on the post-intervention study involving the roller conveyor, muscle activity of the erector spinae was reduced meanwhile the muscle activity of biceps and trapezius increased for both subjects.

Can healthy motivated British adults achieve the revised UK government fibre recommendations of 30 g per day? Results from a preliminary study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine O’Connor ◽  
Sophie Crosswaite
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Average Body

Background: UK Government recommendations for dietary fibre intakes have recently increased to 30 g per day, well below current population intakes. Aim: This study aimed to explore whether the target for dietary fibre intake could be achieved and the effects on markers of cardiometabolic health. Methods: In this 4-week high-fibre intervention study, 15 participants were instructed to achieve dietary fibre intakes of 30 g/day. Results: Dietary fibre intakes significantly increased post intervention (16.0 ± 8.1 g/day, p < 0.001). No significant changes in glucose and triglyceride concentrations were observed and there was a significant increase in average body weight (0.7 ± 1.2 kg, p = 0.025). Conclusions: This study shows that achieving the new dietary fibre recommendations of 30g/day is achievable, in the short term, in a sample of British adults without any observed effect on health markers.

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

Lumbar Muscle Activity During Common Lifts: A Preliminary Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Mayer ◽  
James E. Graves ◽  
Todd M. Manini ◽  
James L. Nuzzo ◽  
Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, and quadratus lum-borum muscle activity during lifts as measured by changes in transverse relaxation time (T2) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirteen healthy adults performed dynamic squat, stoop, and asymmetric stoop lifts at a standard load, with each lift followed by MRI. Increase in T2 for the multifidus and erector spinae was greater for the stoop than squat. No difference in T2 increase was noted between the multifidus and erector spinae for the squat or stoop. Increase in T2 for the contralateral multifidus was less for the asymmetric stoop than stoop. Future research using MRI and other biomechanical techniques is needed to fully characterize lumbar muscle activity during lifts for various populations, settings, postures, and loads.

scholarly journals Examine the optimal position of controls and display in computer numerical control machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar K ◽  
◽  
T. Jishin Jayan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Optimum Range

In Engineering Industries suffering due to industrial wound and ill health, of the Computer Numerical Control machines operators are in the increasing trend, in the subjective analysis which we carried out for the CNC machine, the operators expressing the discomfort at the neck, upper back, lower back, shoulder, and arm because of working with the keys in the controls and viewing the display. The aim of this examination is to identify the most favourable location of control and display through various muscles that activate while performing in CNC machine operations. We introduce surface Electromyogram (EMG) to determine the muscle activity and deliberate on plane of the body close to respective muscles of an operator.The muscle activity measured for all the twenty subjects, at five different levels to find out the best optimal location for controls and display to establish the findings of the subjective study. Though there is no clear trend when all the subjects are aggregated, it is seen that 90 cm-100 cm be the optimum range for the midpoint of the control panel and 143cm-148 cm appears to be the optimum range for the midpoint of the display. Since changes in muscle activity are comparatively small for all the six muscles taken for study, however, the effect of cumulative activity borne over a shift, week, month, and year are to be considered. Muscle activity may increase in repetitive head/finger movements. These combined effects are to be captured for the ergonomic design of the CNC operator interface.

scholarly journals 3D Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of Friction Drilling Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1070-1074
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Work Material ◽  
Al 7075 ◽  
Friction Drilling

Friction drilling is an advanced drilling process in which that can be utilize the heat produced between the workpiece and rotating drilling tool bit to soften the work material and producing a hole on it. In this investigation our interest is to choose work material is Al 7075-T351 to analyze the stress, strain, temperature and work material deformation in friction drilling. Al 7075-T351 square-tube materials were drilled on a computer numerical control (CNC) machine centre by friction drilling has analyzed at different rotational speed and feed rate through controlled operation tests. The temperatures in work piece and tool were more in Friction drilling. Simulation has required perceiving the material flow, stresses, temperatures, and strains. Those are tough to quantify experimentally through friction drilling. In this study, CATIA is used to design the tool model and the software which is used to simulate the performance of friction drilling is DEFORM-3D and effect of tool material speed and feed rate on shape of bushing formed is observed. Taguchi’s technique L9 Orthogonal Array was used to analyze the optimum values. Signal to noise ratios also administered for optimization of parameters.

Efficacy of an activity tracker-and app intervention to increase physical activity in the entire family: Pilot single-arm intervention study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schoeppe ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Susan L. Williams ◽  
Deborah Power ◽  
Stephanie Alley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Family Program ◽  
Intervention Efficacy

BACKGROUND Interventions using activity trackers and smartphone apps have demonstrated their ability to increase physical activity in children and adults. However, they have not been tested in entire families. Further, few family-centred interventions have actively involved both parents, and assessed intervention efficacy separately for children, mothers and fathers. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the short-term efficacy of an activity tracker and app intervention to increase physical activity in the entire family (children, mothers and fathers). METHODS This was a pilot single-arm intervention study with pre-post measures. Between 2017-2018, 40 families (58 children aged 6-10 years, 39 mothers, 33 fathers) participated in the 6-week Step it Up Family program in Queensland, Australia. Using commercial activity trackers combined with apps (Garmin Vivofit Jr for children, Vivofit 3 for adults), the intervention included individual and family-level goal-setting, self-monitoring, performance feedback, family step challenges, family social support and modelling, weekly motivational text messages, and an introductory session delivered face-to-face or via telephone. Parent surveys were used to assess intervention efficacy measured as pre-post intervention changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children, mothers and fathers. RESULTS Thirty-eight families completed the post intervention survey (95% retention). At post intervention, MVPA had increased in children by 58 min/day (boys: 54 min/day, girls: 62 min/day; all P < .001). In mothers, MVPA increased by 27 min/day (P < .001), and in fathers, it increased by 31 min/day (P < .001). Furthermore, the percentage of children meeting Australia’s physical activity guidelines for children (≥60 MVPA min/day) increased from 34% to 89% (P < .001). The percentage of mothers and fathers meeting Australia’s physical activity guidelines for adults (≥150 MVPA min/week) increased from 8% to 57% (P < .001) in mothers, and from 21% to 68% (P < .001) in fathers. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that an activity tracker and app intervention is an efficacious approach to increasing physical activity in entire families to meet national physical activity guidelines. The Step it Up Family program warrants further testing in a larger, randomised controlled trial to determine its long-term impact. CLINICALTRIAL No trial registration as this is not an RCT. It is a pilot single-arm intervention study

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Feasibility of NaCaPO4-Blended Zirconia as a New CAD/CAM Material for Dental Restoration

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3819
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsun Lan ◽  
Yu-Feng Chen ◽  
Yen-Yun Wang ◽  
Mitch M. C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Better Than

The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication technique has become one of the hottest topics in the dental field. This technology can be applied to fixed partial dentures, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NaCaPO4-blended zirconia as a new CAD/CAM material. Eleven different proportional samples of zirconia and NaCaPO4 (xZyN) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Vickers microhardness, and the milling property of these new samples was tested via a digital optical microscope. After calcination at 950 °C for 4 h, XRD results showed that the intensity of tetragonal ZrO2 gradually decreased with an increase in the content of NaCaPO4. Furthermore, with the increase in NaCaPO4 content, the sintering became more obvious, which improved the densification of the sintered body and reduced its porosity. Specimens went through milling by a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, and the marginal integrity revealed that being sintered at 1350 °C was better than being sintered at 950 °C. Moreover, 7Z3N showed better marginal fit than that of 6Z4N among thirty-six samples when sintered at 1350 °C (p < 0.05). The milling test results revealed that 7Z3N could be a new CAD/CAM material for dental restoration use in the future.

Simulate and sense force exertions during virtual patient transfer tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2092-2096
Author(s):  
Ken Chen ◽  
Rebecca Widmayer ◽  
Karen B. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Patient Lifting ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Forceful Exertion ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
Transfer Tasks

Virtual reality (VR) is commonplace for training, yet simulated physical activities in VR do not require trainees to engage and contract the muscle groups normally engaged in physical lifting. This paper presents a muscle activity-driven interface to elicit the sensation of forceful, physical exertions when lifting virtual objects. Users contracted and attained predefined muscle activity levels that were calibrated to user-specific muscle activity when lifting the physical counterpart. The overarching goal is to engage the appropriate muscles, and thereby encourage and elicit behaviors normally seen in the physical environment. Activities of 12 key muscles were monitored using electromyography (EMG) sensors while they performed a three-part patient lifting task in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment. Participants reported higher task mental loads and less physical loads for the virtual lift than the physical lift. Findings suggest the potential to elicit sensation of forceful exertion via EMG feedback but needed fine-tuning to offset perceived workload.

scholarly journals Impact of a behaviourally focused nutrition education intervention on attitudes and practices related to eating habits and activity levels in Indian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Panchali Moitra ◽  
Jagmeet Madan ◽  
Preeti Verma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Indian Adolescents

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a behaviourally focused nutrition education (NE) intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to eating habits and activity levels in 10–12-year-old adolescents in Mumbai, India. Design: School-based cluster randomised controlled trial. The experimental group (EG) received weekly NE and three parent sessions over 12 weeks; no sessions were conducted for the control group (CG). The theoretical framework of HBM and focus group discussion results guided the development of behaviour change communication strategies and NE aids. KAP were measured using a validated survey instrument, administered at baseline and endline in EG and CG. Paired and independent t tests determined within-group and between-group changes in pre–post scores. Setting: Two aided and two private schools that were randomly allocated to either an EG or CG. Participants: Adolescent boys and girls (n 498; EG n 292 and CG n 206). Results: EG reported improvements in mean knowledge (39·3%), attitude (7·3 %), diet (9·6 %) and activity practice (9·4%) scores from pre to post intervention. No significant changes were observed in CG. Significant improvements in scores associated with perceived benefits, barriers and self-efficacy, breakfast and vegetable consumption, and moderate-to-vigorous activities were observed in EG. Conclusions: Integrating NE into the academic curriculum and adopting evidence-based lessons that entail targeted information delivery and participatory activities can improve knowledge, foster right attitudes and facilitate better eating and activity-related practices in Indian adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document