Sliding Joints from Traditional Asphalt Belts

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Smirakova ◽  
Marie Stara ◽  
Petr Mynarčík
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Sliding Joint ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Correct Function ◽  
Sliding Joints

Problems with horizontal deformation in the subsoil are often solved for building on undermined areas not only in our region. There are many ways to solve this problem. The existing building can be draw together in total or stiffened belt can be carried out around the structure foundation. But the best solution is that which is carried out beforehand. One of the methods which can be applied beforehand is using of sliding joint with using of rheological properties of asphalt. The basic principle of this method lies on application an asphalt belts or another material between foundation and subsoil. It is also created concrete base layer between sliding layer and subsoil to ensure base flatness and to protect of sliding layer material. The type of material is important for correct function of sliding joint and there are very often used the rheological properties of traditional asphalt belts. The laboratory tests are carried out at the Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava to verify their rheological behavior at different loads and different temperatures. Following the test there is the effort to use of obtained values to other calculations and there is effort to contribute to innovation of currently method of design which is based on old materials from the 80th. The principle and the results from the laboratory test as well as current conclusions will be presented in this paper.

New Knowledge in the Field of Reduction of Shear Stress in the Foundation Structures of Concrete or Masonry Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Martina Smirakova
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Sliding Joint ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Sliding Joints ◽  
Foundation Structure

This paper deals with application of sliding joint into foundation structures which can be very helpful in case that the foundation structure is exposed to effect of relative horizontal deformation. These deformations can be created direct in the structure from the effect of creep or shrinkage of concrete, from the effect of pre-stressing of foundation structure or they can arise in the subsoil as a consequence of undermining. Sliding joints are often created from asphalt belts which help to increase of friction forces in the foundation bottom. Due to fact that today ́s market gives a lot of new modern materials, the laboratory tests are carried out to verify their behavior at the Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB Technical University of Ostrava (Czech Republic). The basic principle of these tests is to simulate real behavior sliding joint in foundation structure and great attention is also focused on thermal sensitivity of majority of used materials. Thermal sensitivity at the action of mechanical load relates closely with their rheological properties. Rheology is the science about deformation of substances in the dependence on time and it helps to describe difficult materials using simpler rheological materials models. A right created rheological model of asphalt belt could be used to prediction of behavior of sliding joint with regard to time of loading and ambient temperature. The knowledge of change of asphalt belt behavior consequently to temperature change could be used in the future to design of this type sliding joint where the temperature will be not only monitored but also managed in the dependence on necessity of increasing or decreasing of shear resistance. Partial results from laboratory tests as well as current conclusion will be presented in this paper.

Design of Bitumen Asphalt Belt Sliding Joint Based on Experiment Results

2017 ◽  
Vol 738 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Pavlina Matečková ◽  
Martina Smirakova ◽  
Jan Kubosek ◽  
Radim Čajka
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Sliding Joint ◽  
Undermined Area ◽  
Sliding Joints ◽  
Foundation Structure

Foundation structures are usually exposed to dominant vertical load. However, in some cases there is also significant value of horizontal load caused e.g. by horizontal terrain deformation on areas attached with underground mining or by horizontal deformation of foundation structure due to pre-stressing, creep, shrinkage, and temperature variation. Through the friction between subsoil and foundations, the foundation structure must resist significant normal forces. The idea of sliding joints between subsoil and foundation structure, which eliminates the friction in footing bottom, comes from the 1970’s. The bitumen asphalt belt given rheological properties has been proven as an effective material for sliding joints. In the paper there are test results of shear resistance of currently used asphalt belts. The test results are used for subsoil shear stress analysis in model example of strip foundation. Shear resistance is calculated according to Czech code for designing buildings on undermined area and also using advanced FEM analysis.

Comparison of the Shear Resistance in the Sliding Joint between Asphalt Belts and Modern PVC Foils

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 945-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Smirakova
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Sliding Joint ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Foundation Structure

This paper deals with sliding joint in the foundation structure. Application of sliding joint into foundation structure is an effective method to reduce effect of horizontal deformation of foundations. These can arise from effect of undermining or from shrinkage or creep of concrete. A different material can be used to create sliding joint but some are advantageous and some are not. It is often used an asphalt belt or newly different modern foils are used too. Different types of asphalt belts are tested at Faculty of Civil Engineering at different loads and at different temperatures. Some foils are tested too. The effect of ambient temperature is monitored to better description of temperature dependency of asphalt belts. Long-term goal of this research is to simplify process of design buildings with sliding joint and to help designer with right choice of the most advantageous material.

Bitumen Sliding Joints for Friction Elimination in Footing Bottom

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Čajka ◽  
Pavlina Matečková ◽  
Martina Smirakova
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Deformation Velocity ◽  
Sliding Joint ◽  
Sliding Joints ◽  
Foundation Structure

Use of a sliding joint is an effective method to decrease the stress in foundation structure where there is a horizontal deformation of subsoil (areas afflicted with underground mining) or horizontal deformation of a foundation structure (pre-stressed foundations, creep, shrinkage, temperature deformation). A convenient material for a sliding joint is a bitumen asphalt belt. Experiments for different types of bitumen belts were undertaken at the Faculty of Civil Engineering - VSB Technical University of Ostrava in 2008. Since 2011 an extension of the 2008 experiments has been in progress and the shear resistance of a slide joint is being tested as a function of temperature in a temperature controlled room. In this paper experimental results of temperature dependant shear resistance are presented. The result of the experiments should be the sliding joint shear resistance as a function of deformation velocity and temperature. This relationship is used for numerical analysis of stress/strain relation between foundation structure and subsoil.

scholarly journals Rheological and Microbiological Characteristics of Hops and Hot Trub Particles Formed during Beer Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Monika Sterczyńska ◽  
Marek Zdaniewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Post Process ◽  
High Shear Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Beer Production

During the production of beer, and especially beer wort, the main wastes are spent grain and hot trub, i.e., the so-called “hot break.” Combined with yeast after fermentation, they represent the most valuable wastes. Hot trub is also one of the most valuable by-products. Studies on the chemical composition of these sediments and their rheological properties as waste products will contribute to their effective disposal and even further use as valuable pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. So far, hot trub has been studied for morphology and particle distribution depending on the raw material composition and beer wort extract. However, there are no preliminary studies on the rheological properties of hot trub and hops. In particular, no attention has yet been paid to the dependence of these properties on the hop variety or different protein sources used. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different hopping methods on hot trub viscosity and beer wort physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the hop solutions were measured at different temperatures. A microbiological analysis of hop sediments was also performed to determine the post-process survival of selected microorganisms in these wastes. For manufacturers of pumps used in the brewing industry, the most convenient material is that of the lowest viscosity. Low viscosity hot trub can be removed at lower velocities, which reduces costs and simplifies washing and transport. The sediments also had similar equilibrium viscosity values at high shear rates.

Rheological Properties of Tomato Concentrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Dak ◽  
Radha Charan Verma ◽  
S N A Jaaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Arrhenius Model ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Consistency Coefficient ◽  
Flow Behaviour Index ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
Good Agreement

Rheological properties of tomato concentrate were evaluated using a wide-gap rotational viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories: Model LVDV-II) at different temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60oC, at concentration of 18, 12.18 and 8.04 % total solids, and at appropriate shear rate(1-100 RPM). The power law model was fitted to the experimental results. The values of flow behaviour index (n) were found less than unity (0.23 to 0.82) at all the temperature and the concentration indicating shear-thinning (pseudoplasticity) behaviour of the concentrate. The correlation between the observed consistency coefficient ranging from 0.09 to 65.87 Pa.sn and the inverse absolute temperature has been exhibited by Arrhenius model. Consistency coefficient increased exponentially with increase in the concentration. Statistical model was used for prediction of the consistency coefficient as a function of temperature and concentration which showed a good agreement (r2=0.99) between experimental and theoretical values. The magnitude of activation energy were found to be in the range of 8.6 to 14.08 kJ/mol.K.

scholarly journals Primary care use of laboratory tests in Northern Ireland’s Western Health and Social Care Trust: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026647
Author(s):  
Magda Bucholc ◽  
Maurice O’Kane ◽  
Ciaran Mullan ◽  
Siobhan Ashe ◽  
Liam Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Test Ordering

ObjectivesTo describe the laboratory test ordering patterns by general practitioners (GPs) in Northern Ireland Western Health and Social Care Trust (WHSCT) and explore demographic and socioeconomic associations with test requesting.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWHSCT, Northern Ireland.Participants55 WHSCT primary care medical practices that remained open throughout the study period 1 April 2011–31 March 2016.OutcomesTo identify the temporal patterns of laboratory test ordering behaviour for eight commonly requested clinical biochemistry tests/test groups in WHSCT. To analyse the extent of variations in laboratory test requests by GPs and to explore whether these variations can be accounted for by clinical outcomes or geographical, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.ResultsThe median number of adjusted test request rates over 5 consecutive years of the study period decreased by 45.7% for urine albumin/creatinine ratio (p<0.000001) and 19.4% for lipid profiles (p<0.000001) while a 60.6%, 36.6% and 29.5% increase was observed for HbA1c(p<0.000001), immunoglobulins (p=0.000007) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p=0.0003), respectively. The between-practice variation in test ordering rates increased by 272% for immunoglobulins (p=0.008) and 500% for HbA1c(p=0.0001). No statistically significant relationship between ordering activity and either demographic (age and gender) and socioeconomic factors (deprivation) or Quality and Outcome Framework scores was observed. We found the rural–urban differences in between-practice variability in ordering rates for lipid profiles, thyroid profiles, PSA and immunoglobulins to be statistically significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted significance level p<0.01.ConclusionsWe explored potential factors of the interpractice variability in the use of laboratory tests and found that differences in requesting activity appear unrelated to either demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of GP practices or clinical outcome indicators.

scholarly journals RHEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VEGETABLE OILS USED FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Silva ◽  
C. A. C. Santos ◽  
J. E. S. Ribeiro ◽  
C. C. Souza ◽  
A. M. S. Sant’Ana
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Concentric Cylinder ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Different Temperatures

Rheology attempts to define a relationship between the stress acting on a given material and the resulting deformation and/or flow that takes place. Thus, the knowledge of rheological properties of fluid materials such as vegetable oils generates auxiliary data that can be used in its storage and application. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological behavior of vegetable oils (cotton, canola, sunflower, corn and soybean) at different temperatures, using four rheological models (Ostwald- de-Waelle, Herschel-Bulkley, Newton and Bingham). The rheological properties were determined using a Thermo Haake rheometer with concentric cylinder geometry. Measurements were taken at 30, 45 and 60 °C by controlling the temperature using a thermostatic bath coupled to the equipment. The software Rheowin Pro Job Manager was used for process control and data record. The rheograms were obtained by measuring the values of shear stress varying the shear rate from 100 to 600 s-1 within 250 seconds. For the analysis of the apparent viscosity at different shear rates was applied simple linear regression until 2nd degree with the aid of SAS (SAS/Stat 9.2) program. The apparent viscosity data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Higher temperatures of the samples were correlated to lower shear stress values, hence lower values for viscosity and consistency index were obtained, since it is known that the density and viscosity are highly sensitive to temperature and that the increase in temperature results in reduction of viscosity, benefiting the fluid flow. The models of Newton and Ostwald-de-Waelle were chosen to evaluate the rheological behavior of the samples, showing a good fit for the rheological data.

Stabilization of Marine Clay by Biomass Silica (Non-Traditional) Stabilizers

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus ◽  
Faizal Pakir ◽  
Nima Latifi ◽  
Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Marine Clays

The presence of marine clay in Iskandar Malaysia Region, Nusajaya had caused expensive solutions in the construction of structures and roads. Alternatively, soil treatment is suggested to increase the strength of the unsuitable material to meet the constructions requirement for foundation and also to achieve the specifications for development work. In this study, a series of laboratory test has been conducted to determine the potential of Biomass Silica (BS), one of the commercial brands namely “SH-85” to stabilize marine clay to form the basis of a strong, reliable land for construction of roads and building. Testing program involves obtaining specimens of marine clays from various locations at Iskandar Malaysia Region, followed by laboratory tests to determine the Atterberg limits and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) for treated and untreated of marine clay soils. The proportions of BS added were 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% and tested at 0, 3, 7 and 28 days curing periods. The results shows that the Plasticity Index (PI) was reduce with increment of BS content. While, an addition of BS content increase in strength treated soils 60 times more than untreated soils, which is gain in early 7 curing days period. This finding indicates the BS is a suitable stabilizer for the marine clay to become strong foundation for construction of road and building.

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