Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles as Activator in Unfilled Natural Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudeerat Suntako
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Cure Time

In this work, the effect of ZnO nanoparticles as activator is studied in unfilled natural rubber and compared with conventional ZnO on cure characteristics and mechanical properties. ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by precipitation method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide as precursor. Particle size of ZnO nanoparticles can be controlled by polymeric additive. It is found that the average primary size of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles around 28.71 nm and the specific surface area around 31.45 m2/g. The crystalline structure exhibits hexagonal structure with wurtzite. The rheological properties of unfilled natural rubber show that the maximum torque (MH) and the optimum cure time (t90) increase with increasing synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loading. The minimum torque (ML) of unfilled natural rubber which uses synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loading higher than conventional ZnO. Compression set and tension set are the permanent deformation also investigated. It is found that deformation reduces when increase synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loading. The mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, 100% and 300% modulus, tear strength, elongation at break are improved, without detrimental effect on properties. For unfilled natural rubber, synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can be reduced successfully from 5 to 2 phr and stearic acid 1 to 0.3 phr, respectively.

Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation Method on Cure Characteristics and Morphology of EPDM Foam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudeerat Suntako
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Cure Time

ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by precipitation method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized exhibited a crystalline structure with hexagonal structure. The average primary size of ZnO synthesized around 22.71 nm and the specific surface area around 28.17 m2/g. EPDM foam used oxy-bis benzene sulfonylhydrazide (OBSH) as blowing agent and ZnO nanoparticles synthesized as activator of sulphur vulcanization. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized compared with conventional ZnO on cure characteristics and morphology of EPDM foam were investigated. The result showed that the maximum torque (MH) increased, optimum cure time (t90) and scorch time (T5) decreased with increasing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading. The cell structure of EPDM foam was spherulite and smaller when increased ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading. The compressive load value increased with increasing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading which may be attributed to thickness of the cell wall and hardness increased. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized could be reduced successfully from 5 to 3 phr (40%) for EPDM foam.

Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanograins on Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudeerat Suntako
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Permanent Set

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanograins are synthesized by precipitation method filled epoxidized natural rubber compared to conventional ZnO. The synthesized ZnO nanograins are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and found that average primary size of ZnO synthesized around 40 nm and the specific surface area of 28.72 m2 g-1. Furthermore, the cure characteristics, rubber mechanical properties and permanent set were investigated. The obtained results are found that the ZnO nanograins significantly affected to cure characteristics, rubber mechanical properties and permanent set. This is due to small grain size and large specific surface area.

Influence of Filler Types on Mechanical Properties and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Wongsorat ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Cure Time

Natural rubber (NR) was reinforced with three types of filler: carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sisal fiber. NR composites were prepared on a two-roll mill. Filler content was 20 phr. Mechanical properties and cure characteristics of NR composites were studied. All NR composites had higher maximum torque than NR. NR filled with carbon black showed the highest maximum torque. However, scorch time and cure time of the NR composites were not much affected by filler types. In addition, influence of fiber treatment (alkalization) on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber-NR composites was investigated. Alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber- NR composite due to improved adhesion between the fiber and NR matrix. Moreover, alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite had superior specific modulus and strength than NR composites filled with carbon black and calcium carbonate.

Size and Shape Tailoring of ZnO Nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerapong Santhaveesuk ◽  
Yoottana Keawtoakrue ◽  
Kwunta Siwawongkasem ◽  
Supab Choopun
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Hydroxide Solution

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials. Size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles were well controlled by varying the ratio of sodium hydroxide solutions (0.5-0.9 mole) and the synthesized temperatures (65, 75 and 85 °C). ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a high degree crystallinity with wurtzite hexagonal structure for all conditions carried out using SEM, XRD, EDS and Raman. It was clearly observed that both sodium hydroxide solution and synthesized temperatures strongly affected on the size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles. The smallest ZnO nanoparticle was observed to be 47 nm with 0.7 mole of sodium hydroxide solution at 75 °C. Uniformed ZnO nanoparticles were obtained at synthesized temperatures above 65 °C. Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were also studied and carried out as absorbance spectra. In addition, optical energy band gap of ZnO nanoparticles was in the range of 3.24-3.35 eV.

Effect of Oleic Acid on Properties of Natural Rubber Filled Bacterial Cellulose

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Saowaluk Boonyod ◽  
Chaiwute Vudjung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

Natural rubber (NR) containing the nata de coco fiber or Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by co-coagulation of BC and concentrated NR latex with CaCl2 and compounded by two roll mill. The effect of oleic acid (OA) containing in NR filled BC (NR/BC) was the important factor in this study. BC was varied from 0–25 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and the Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics and mechanical properties of NR/BC with and without OA as compatiblizer was evaluated. It was found that tear strength and elongation at break of NR/BC containing OA improved. The addition of OA into NR/BC affect vulcanization properties of NR/BC masterbatch that retard the cure time of their compound. Of all BC contents investigated, the vulcanized NR/BC at 10-20 phr of BC with OA shows the optimum tear strength and the morphology of the vulcanized NR/BC is improved by the addition of OA.

Mechanical Properties, Morphological Properties, and Cure Characteristics of Sisal Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites: Effects of Fiber and Compatibilizer Content

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Wongsorat ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time

Sisal fiber/natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by the incorporation of sisal fiber into NR at various content (10, 20, 30 phr) using a two-roll mill. Natural rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) prepared in house was used to improve interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and NR matrix. NR-g-MA contents were varied. Mechanical properties, morphologies, and cure characteristics of the composites were studied. Maximum torque, modulus at 100% strain (M100), modulus at 300% strain (M300), and hardness of the composites increased with increasing fiber content while scorch time, cure time, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased. The addition of NR-g-MA into the composites gave a positive impact on M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness. Moreover, increasing NR-g-MA content resulted in increased scorch time, cure time, maximum torque, M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness of the composites. SEM micrographs of the composites revealed that the addition of NR-g-MA into the composites improved the interfacial interaction between sisal fiber and NR matrix. In addition, the compatibilized NR composites exhibited higher specific tensile strength and modulus than the carbon black/NR composites.

Study on sulfur vulcanized natural rubber formulated with nitrosamine safe diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide/tertiary butyl benzothiazole sulphenamide binary accelerator system

2020 ◽  
pp. 147776062097749
Author(s):  
IHK Samarasinghe ◽  
S Walpalage ◽  
DG Edirisinghe ◽  
SM Egodage
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Study Behavior ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Accelerator System

An outstanding interest on elimination of nitrosamine generation in traditional sulfur vulcanization systems has led to introduce nitrosamine safe accelerator/s to produce safe natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates. It is an effective way to prevent formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds during manufacture of rubber products. In the present study, behavior of nitrosamine safe binary accelerator system consisting of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXP) with commonly used non-regulated accelerator N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS) was investigated in efficient sulfur vulcanization of NR. Cure characteristics, physico-mechanical properties and crosslink density of vulcanizates prepared with different combinations of the accelerator system were evaluated and compared with those of individual accelerators. The study reveals that moduli and strength properties of the vulcanizate prepared with DIXP accelerator are inferior to those of the vulcanizate prepared with TBBS accelerator. Nevertheless, optimum cure time of the DIXP compounds is lower in comparison to TBBS compounds. Moreover, progressive replacement of DIXP with TBBS in the accelerator system showed a synergistic effect in regard to cure characteristics and physico-mechanical properties.

Effects of Surfactant Content and Clay Content on Properties of NR Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalermpan Keawkumay ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by octadecylamine (ODA) surfactant. The surfactant contents were varied, i.e. 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the MMT. XRD and FTIR spectra of the organoclay revealed that ODA molecules intercalated into MMT layers. The MMT-ODA was melt-mixed with natural rubber (NR) using a two roll mill. Effects of surfactant content and organoclay content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphologies of NR nanocomposites were investigated. Morphologies of the NR nanocomposites, with increasing surfactant content, revealed the exfoliated structure and the good dispersion of the organoclay in the NR matrix. These caused the enhancement of mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposites. With increasing the MMT-ODA2 content up to 5 phr, scorch time and cure time of the NR nanocomposites decreased while their tensile strength increased.

Effect of Nanosilica Fillers on the Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makara Lay ◽  
A. Rashid Azura ◽  
Nadras Othman ◽  
Yasuyuki Tezuka ◽  
Chhorda Pen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Cure Time

In recent years, polymer/nanofiller composites have received intense attention and become a core focus of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In polymer-nanoscale filler composites research, the primary goal is to enhance the strength and toughness of polymeric components using molecular or nanoscale reinforcement. In this study, nanosilica was used as filler with various loading from 1-5 phr to enhance mechanical properties and cure characteristics of natural rubber composites. 3 phr of nanosilica filler loadings showed highest tensile strength and shortest cure time compared to the other filler loadings. Tear strength was improved with increasing filler loadings. The effect of nanosilica loading has been analyzed using FTIR characterization and the tensile fracture was investigated by SEM analysis.

Elastomer nanocomposites based on NBR/BR/nanoclay: morphology and mechanical properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Tolooei ◽  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Shirin Shokoohi ◽  
Sedigheh Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Uptake ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Nanoclay Content

Abstract Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and two types of nanoclay (Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B) were prepared using a laboratory scale two-roll mill. The effects of nanoclay composition on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of NBR/BR (50/50) nanocomposite samples containing 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt% nanoclay were investigated. According to the cure characteristics both types of nanoclay caused a reduction in the scorch time and optimum cure time of the nanocomposite compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was utilized to study the dispersion state of nanoclay within the elastomer blend matrix. The results showed the development of mechanical properties with the establishment of interactions between nanoclay and polymer chains. Antiknock and brake fluid uptake were also reduced with increasing the nanoclay content.

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