Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation Method on Cure Characteristics and Morphology of EPDM Foam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudeerat Suntako
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Cure Time

ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by precipitation method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized exhibited a crystalline structure with hexagonal structure. The average primary size of ZnO synthesized around 22.71 nm and the specific surface area around 28.17 m2/g. EPDM foam used oxy-bis benzene sulfonylhydrazide (OBSH) as blowing agent and ZnO nanoparticles synthesized as activator of sulphur vulcanization. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized compared with conventional ZnO on cure characteristics and morphology of EPDM foam were investigated. The result showed that the maximum torque (MH) increased, optimum cure time (t90) and scorch time (T5) decreased with increasing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading. The cell structure of EPDM foam was spherulite and smaller when increased ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading. The compressive load value increased with increasing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized loading which may be attributed to thickness of the cell wall and hardness increased. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized could be reduced successfully from 5 to 3 phr (40%) for EPDM foam.

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles as Activator in Unfilled Natural Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudeerat Suntako
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
Cure Time

In this work, the effect of ZnO nanoparticles as activator is studied in unfilled natural rubber and compared with conventional ZnO on cure characteristics and mechanical properties. ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by precipitation method using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium hydroxide as precursor. Particle size of ZnO nanoparticles can be controlled by polymeric additive. It is found that the average primary size of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles around 28.71 nm and the specific surface area around 31.45 m2/g. The crystalline structure exhibits hexagonal structure with wurtzite. The rheological properties of unfilled natural rubber show that the maximum torque (MH) and the optimum cure time (t90) increase with increasing synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loading. The minimum torque (ML) of unfilled natural rubber which uses synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loading higher than conventional ZnO. Compression set and tension set are the permanent deformation also investigated. It is found that deformation reduces when increase synthesized ZnO nanoparticles loading. The mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, 100% and 300% modulus, tear strength, elongation at break are improved, without detrimental effect on properties. For unfilled natural rubber, synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can be reduced successfully from 5 to 2 phr and stearic acid 1 to 0.3 phr, respectively.

Size and Shape Tailoring of ZnO Nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerapong Santhaveesuk ◽  
Yoottana Keawtoakrue ◽  
Kwunta Siwawongkasem ◽  
Supab Choopun
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Hydroxide Solution

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials. Size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles were well controlled by varying the ratio of sodium hydroxide solutions (0.5-0.9 mole) and the synthesized temperatures (65, 75 and 85 °C). ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a high degree crystallinity with wurtzite hexagonal structure for all conditions carried out using SEM, XRD, EDS and Raman. It was clearly observed that both sodium hydroxide solution and synthesized temperatures strongly affected on the size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles. The smallest ZnO nanoparticle was observed to be 47 nm with 0.7 mole of sodium hydroxide solution at 75 °C. Uniformed ZnO nanoparticles were obtained at synthesized temperatures above 65 °C. Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were also studied and carried out as absorbance spectra. In addition, optical energy band gap of ZnO nanoparticles was in the range of 3.24-3.35 eV.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Talam ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Karumuri ◽  
Nagarjuna Gunnam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns

ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by precipitation method from Zinc nitrate. The powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, UV-vis optical absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses. XRD patterns showed that ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal unit cell structure. SEM and TEM pictures reveal the morphology and particle size of prepared ZnO nanoparticles. The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 355 nm due to ZnO nanoparticles. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits two emission peaks one at 392 nm corresponding to band gap excitonic emission and another located at 520 nm due to the presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancies. The synthesis method has potential for application in manufacturing units due to ease processing and more economical reagents.

The Influence of Cure Characteristics and Crosslink Density of Virgin Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (vNBR/rNBR) Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridhwan Jamalul Nasir ◽  
N.Z. Noimam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Rosniza Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Blend Ratios

Cure characteristics and crosslink density of virgin acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (vNBR/rNBR) blends were studied. Three different size ranges of rNBR particles, i.e., 150 - 350 μm, 2.0-15.0 mm, and 5-10 cm were used in this study. The vNBR/rNBR blends with blend ratios of 95/5, 85/15, 75/25, 65/35, and 50/50 were prepared using a two roll-mill at room temperature. The characterization results of the blends show that scorch time, t2, of the vNBR/rNBR blends decreased with increased rNBR content as well as decreasing sizes of rNBR particles while cure time, t90of the vNBR/rNBR blends increase with increased rNBR content as well as increasing sizes of rNBR particles. Among all blend ratios, the vNBR/rNBR blends with smallest size of rNBR particles exhibit lowest minimum torque (ML) compared with the bigger particle sizes of it in vNBR/rNBR blends which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all vNBR/rNBR blends shows the inclining trend with increased rNBR. The cross-linking density of vNBR/rNBR blends also show an increasing trend with increasing rNBR content.

Synthesis Study of Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide for Near-Infrared Shielding Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Sujittra Kaenphakdee ◽  
Supan Yodyingyong ◽  
Jeerapond Leelawattanachai ◽  
Wannapong Triampo ◽  
Noppakun Sanpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Optical Property ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Doped Zno

Undoped ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO were prepared to use as near-infrared (NIR) shielding by simple precipitation method with zinc acetate and zinc nitrate as Zn precursor and silver nitrate as Ag precursor. The Ag-doped ZnO and undoped ZnO were characterized by XRD, SEM, and UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The NIR reflectance performance reveals that Ag-doping improves the NIR shielding and optical property of pure ZnO. The 10 mol% Ag loading shows the lowest reflection in the visible region of about 15% and the highest reflection in the NIR region of about 50%. It not only shows the best NIR reflection but also exhibits the best thermal insulation. It reduces the inner temperature of the in-lab setup to mimic a house by 7.5°C when compared to the uncoated glass window. It is concluded that 10 mol% Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles can result in UV-NIR shielding coatings.

Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Imperata cylindrica Activated Carbon Filled SMR L Compounding

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Torque

The potential of activated carbon as a filler in rubber compound has been reviewed .Cure characteristics and physical properties ofImperataCylindricaactivated carbon filled natural rubber of Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L) were studied. SMR L was used as the elastomer and the composition of filler loading were varied from 0-50 parts per hundred rubber (phr). A semi-efficient vulcanization system was used throughout the study. The cure characteristics of the rubber compound was determined by using rheometer. The samples of hardness and resilience were measured by durometer shore A and Wallace Dunlop Tripsometer. Cure characteristics showed that cure time, t90and scorch time,t2increased as increased filler loading which indicate poor interaction between rubber and filler which slow down the vulcanization time. Minimum torque,MLand maximum torque,MHincreased as increased filler loading due to the low processability of the SMR L compounds. Crosslink density and hardness exhibit increment as increased filler loading due to increase rigidity of the SMR L compounds. The resilience will decrease correspondingly as increased in rigidity of the compounds.

Influence of Filler Types on Mechanical Properties and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Wongsorat ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Cure Time

Natural rubber (NR) was reinforced with three types of filler: carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sisal fiber. NR composites were prepared on a two-roll mill. Filler content was 20 phr. Mechanical properties and cure characteristics of NR composites were studied. All NR composites had higher maximum torque than NR. NR filled with carbon black showed the highest maximum torque. However, scorch time and cure time of the NR composites were not much affected by filler types. In addition, influence of fiber treatment (alkalization) on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber-NR composites was investigated. Alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber- NR composite due to improved adhesion between the fiber and NR matrix. Moreover, alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite had superior specific modulus and strength than NR composites filled with carbon black and calcium carbonate.

High Performance Humidity Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerapong Santhaveesuk ◽  
Kwunta Siwawongkasem ◽  
Siriwimon Pommek ◽  
Supab Choopun
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Zno Particles ◽  
Co Precipitation

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a low cost co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as the raw materials. It was observed that the synthesized temperatures greatly effect on the size of ZnO nanoparticles. The lower synthesized temperatures resulted in the smaller nanoparticles. By adjusting the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide, the size of ZnO nanoparticles was also changed. The smallest ZnO particles was 47 nm obtained with 0.7 mole of sodium hydroxide. The smallest ZnO nanoparticles from each synthesized temperatures were fabricated as humidity sensor, showing an impressive performance under different relative humidity (17-94% RH). It should be noticed that the ZnO nanoparticles humidity sensor synthesized at 75 °C exhibited high response for 2 times higher than that of synthesized at 95 °C. This is attributed to the higher surface area of ZnO nanoparticles for absorbed water molecule.

Modification of Structural and Vibrational Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Simple Chemical Precipitation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natpasit Chaithanatkun ◽  
Korakot Onlaor ◽  
Thutiyaporn Thiwawong ◽  
Benchapol Tunhoo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Simple Chemical

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple chemical precipitation method in the present of zinc nitrate as zinc precursor and sodium hydroxide as hydroxide precursor. The vitamin C was used as modifier media to modify the structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles. The microstructures of ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed that polycrystalline hexagonal phase of ZnO. The defects and impurity contents in nanoparticles were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show few carboxylate and hydroxyl impurities for larger particles when addition modifier increases. Surface areas of nanoparticles were measured by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. In addition, the results exhibited the dramatically change in structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles due to the effect of vitamin C.

Effect of Foaming Temperature and Blowing Agent Content on Cure Characteristics, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Natural Rubber Foams

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worawan Pechurai ◽  
Tatsanee Muansupan ◽  
Petcharat Seawlee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Foaming Temperature

Influences of foaming temperature (i.e. 150 and 160OC) and blowing agent content on cure characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties of natural rubber (NR) foams were investigated. The blowing agent used in this study was oxybis (benzene sulfonyl) hydrazide (OBSH). The expandable rubber samples were prepared using a conventional compression molding technique via a heat transfer foaming process and an air-circulating oven. For cure behavior, it was found that maximum torque and torque difference tended to decrease with increasing the OBSH content for both processing temperatures. Decreasing of cure time was observed at 3 phr of the OBSH content and then it tended to increase. Moreover, cure time and scorch time decreased with increasing foaming temperature. As a result, the NR foam with large cell size and non-uniform foam cell distribution was observed. Mechanical properties of the NR foam in a term of hardness gradually decreased upon increasing the OBSH content. Whilst compression set increased with increasing the OBSH content up to 6 phr after that it decreased.

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