Study on H2S Corrosion Resistance of L245/825 Lined Steel Pipe Welding Gap

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1264-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Zhi Zeng ◽  
Yuan Hua Lin ◽  
Da Jiang Zhu ◽  
Hong Jun Zhu ◽  
Tan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Welding Process ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Pipe Welding ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Sour Gas

The exploitation of high acid wells is facing severe corrosion challenges in the A and B gas fields in Sichuan, thus using lined steel pipe is a reliable and cost-effective anti-corrosion measure. However, lined steel pipe welding involves dissimilar steel welding, and anti-corrosion performances will be affected if the welding process is unreasonable. So it is necessary to make evaluation for corrosion of lined steel pipe. In this paper, taking welding gap of L245/825 lined steel pipe as example, the anti-SSC performances of L245/825 straight and ring welding gaps in NACE A solution were studied by CR method, and anti-cracking performances of them were evaluated by laboratory experiments. Then corrosion performances of L245/825 lined steel pipe welding gaps and L360NCS carbon steel were studied in the corrosive environment found in the Tian Dong 5-1 high sour gas well. Laboratory and field tests show that straight and ring welding gaps of L245/825 lined steel pipe have good anti-environment and anti-cracking performances of electrochemical corrosion in the high acid environment. The technology of welding process selected in the paper is reliable. Research results provide references for welding operation of L245/825 lined steel pipe in high sour gas fields.

Stainless Steel Pipe Welding With No Backing Gas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidyanath Rajan ◽  
Badri Narayanan ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Kevin Beardsley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Pipe Welding ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Gmaw Welding

Abstract For pipe fabrication shops, stainless steel pipe welding typically represents 15%–20% of their business. The pipe materials fabricated in these shops are primarily austenitic stainless 304L and 316L pipe. The quality requirements in stainless pipe fabrication shops are determined by performance requirements for service applications in low temperature, high temperature or corrosive environments. To enable the performance required in these applications, codes, standards and recommended practices for welding are frequently written from a conventional GTAW or SMAW welding paradigm. In addition, for the root pass and the first fill pass made with GTAW, an inert backing gas is always recommended to minimize or eliminate the discoloration or oxidation on the ID surface of the pipe near the root pass. The use of GTAW with inert backing gas adds significant time, complexity and cost to the welding of stainless pipe. In stainless pipe shop fabrication, very few welding practices recognize or encourage the use of GMAW welding solutions for these applications, even though it is known to be a more productive and economical welding process. Moreover, the absence of a consistent and proven GMAW welding solution in terms of either no backing gas GMAW, alternative options for expensive shielding gases, implementing unique welding waveforms etc., proves to be a hindrance in the adoption of GMAW solutions for the welding of stainless pipe. In this paper, we discuss advances that have been made in producing acceptable stainless pipe welds with a 1G GMAW welding solution using an STT® waveform for the root pass and a unique “Rapid X™” waveform for fill passes with no use of backing gas. One goal of this project was to also find a shielding gas mixture to provide acceptable welds from root to cap that takes into account both welding process performance as well as fabrication of defect free welds. Six different shielding gas mixtures with varying amounts of Ar, He, CO2 and N2 were evaluated. Results indicate that STT/RAPID X™ welds made with 97%Ar/2%CO2/1%H2 provide very promising results in terms of weld appearance and other conventional metrics such as radiography, bends and tensile properties. However, assessment of the corrosion performance in comparison to welds made with conventional GTAW requires development of a better test protocol than the ASTM G48 Method A test for it to be relevant and meaningful.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis of Premature Corrosion of HF Seam-Welded Steel Pipe in Central Heating System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Tyrala ◽  
Bogdan Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Central Heating

AbstractPremature corrosion in the form of longitudinal cracking in a high-frequency (HF) induction seam-welded steel pipe occurred after just 24 months in service. The failed pipe was investigated to reveal the main cause of its failure, and the results of microstructural examinations (light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry) suggest that the failure resulted from an HF induction welding process defect—a so-called cast weld, that is, a huge number of iron oxides in the weld line caused by insufficient ejection of the molten metal from the bond line.

Experimental Research on Erosion of P110 Tubing during Perforating

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2244-2247
Author(s):  
Hu Sun ◽  
Zhi Jun Ning ◽  
Zu Wen Wang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Zhi Guo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Gas Fields

Erosion is a main failure of tubings and downhole tools in Changqing gas field. It is necessary to evaluate the erosion rate for the safety of tubing and strings. In this paper, the erosion of P110 steel, in the 0.2%wt guar gum fracturing fluid which contains sands, is investigated by weight loss method in the self-made jet experiment device. It is indicated that the erosion rate increases with the increment of slurry velocity exponentially. When the slurry velocity is in low velocity area, the electrochemical corrosion of dissolved oxygen dominates in erosion mechanism; when slurry velocity increases into middle velocity area, the weight loss is controlled by the synergism of corrosion-erosion; and when the slurry velocity increases into high velocity area, the weight loss rate is dominantly depended on erosion of particles. The results can provide guidelines for large-scale fracturing work of Changqing gas fields.

scholarly journals The Effect of Copper and Brass on Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminium Alloy When Used as in Thin Sheet Form

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
G. Gopala Krishna ◽  
P.Ram Reddy ◽  
M.Manzoor Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Effect Of Copper

In recent year’s aluminium and aluminium alloys are most widely used in many applications because of light weight, good formability and malleability, corrosion resistance, moderate strength and low cost. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is efficient and cost effective method for welding aluminium and aluminium alloys. FSW is a solid state welding process that means the material is not melted during the process. Complete welding process accomplishes below the melting point of materials so it overcomes many welding defects that usually happens with conventional fusion welding technique which were initially used for low melting materials. Though this process is initially developed for low melting materials but now process is widely used for a variety of other materials including titanium, steel and also for composites. The present butt jointed FSW experimental work has been done in two ways. Initially a comparison of tensile properties of friction stir (FS) welded similar aluminium alloy (AA6351 with AA6351) and dissimilar aluminium alloy (AA6351 with AA5083) combinations. Later the effect of impurities (copper and brass) in sheet form (0.1 mm thick) when used as insert in between two dissimilar aluminium alloy (AA6351 with AA5083) plates during FSW. Tensile tests were performed for these combinations and results were compared for with and without using strip material (copper and brass).

Bilinear Model Predictive Control of Plasma Keyhole Pipe Welding Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Qian ◽  
YuMing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Bilinear Model ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Pipe Welding

Controlled quasi-keyhole plasma arc welding process adjusts the amperage of the peak current to establish a keyhole in a desired time. This keyhole establishment time is the major parameter that controls the consistence of the weld penetration/quality and needs to be accurately controlled. This paper addresses the control of keyhole establishment time during pipe welding around the circumference, in which the gravitational force acting on the weld pool continuously changes. Because of this continuous change, the dynamic model of the controlled process, with the keyhole establishment time as the output and the amperage of the peak current as the input, varies around the circumference during welding. In addition, it is found that this dynamic model is nonlinear. To control this time varying nonlinear process, the authors propose an adaptive bilinear model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. A self-search algorithm is proposed to decouple the input and output in the model to apply the proposed MPC. Experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the developed control system including the adaptive bilinear MPC.

Workstation Design Optimization Through a Simulation Model

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Mark S. Hoffman ◽  
Martin L. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Workstation Design ◽  
Marketing Tool

A man-machine systems simulation model was developed as a cost-effective marketing tool for systems design in the retail sales environment. SAINT (Systems Analysis Integrated Network of Tasks) modeling technique was chosen because of its capabilities to simulate complex human engineering system performances. Tasks performed at the workstations ranged from an automated real-time inventory control device requiring a high degree of man-machine interactivity to social interactions between the operator and customer. Network parameters were defined from performances observed both in laboratory and field tests. The model included the capability to mix and simulate multiple workstations within a given environment. Work surface dimensions, operator ability levels, and processing strategies were manipulated to maximize productivity. This approach to workstation design proved to be an effective method of systematically reducing the number of alternative configurations. It also reduces the requirement of elaborate time-consuming laboratory experiments to verify a proposed design concept. A conversational interface was developed to encourage its utilization by the untrained user.

A Portable Slurry Wear Test for the Field

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Processing Site

A new portable slurry wear test apparatus developed by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, makes it possible to gather materials wear and corrosion data at a mineral processing site. The portable wear cell is identical in design to a laboratory cell reported previously. It allows simultaneous evaluation of 16 specimens in a continuous flow of fresh slurry. Data obtained from selected metals and polymers showed high-chromium white cast irons to perform particularly well in tests with an aqueous lead-zinc sulfide ore slurry. However, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene that exhibited superior wear resistance in comparable laboratory tests with an aqueous slurry of silica sand did not perform as well in field tests. Such results show how misleading it can be to use laboratory data to predict relative rates of wear in industrial slurries, even under nominally identical flow conditions. Field testing is therefore needed. In situ electrochemical corrosion measurements on a low-alloy steel showed that the field and laboratory slurries were similarly corrosive.

scholarly journals Application of Microbial Bioenzymes in Soil Stabilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eshetu Mekonnen ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Tekle Tafesse ◽  
Mesfin Tafesse
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Dust Generation

Soil stabilization is a mechanical or chemical alteration of one or more soil properties to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. The aim of this article was to review bioenzyme-based soil stabilization techniques with an emphasis on bioenzymes production, mechanism of soil stabilization and future challenges, and opportunities of the sector. Soils are stabilized to increase strength and durability or to prevent erosion and dust generation. Cost-effective soil stabilization technology has been a fundamental part of any construction and is very important for economic growth in any country. In some cases, construction has been challenged due to the high cost of soil stabilization processes. Besides, methods of stabilizations using common stabilizing agents are getting costly. Currently, there is a growing interest to identify new and green technology to improve construction techniques and to expand the road network. Therefore, the search for new materials and improved techniques to process the local materials has received an increased focus. For developing countries, bioenzymes are now creating an opportunity to improve soil stability with tremendous effectiveness in the overall process of soil stabilization. In the world, bioenzymes have been used in different projects for several years and are generally proprietary products, often of patented formulation that needs intensive field tests. Currently, the use and production of bioenzymes is becoming the most promising key for the advancement of a country by saving time, energy, and finance. It also reduces environmental pollution due to carbon emission by the conventional stabilizers. Thus, a better understanding of this emerging technology is of utmost importance to exploit any improvement it can offer to soil stability. With little research and practice, it is possible to produce soil stabilizing bioenzymes using local raw materials. Due to this, production of low cost, easily and widely applicable, and environmentally friendly enzymatic formulations from locally available raw materials should be the interest of research and academic institutes of any country.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective Method to Reproduce the Morphology of the Nearshore and Intertidal Zone in Microtidal Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Stefano Furlani ◽  
Valeria Vaccher ◽  
Vanja Macovaz ◽  
Stefano Devoto
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sea Wall

The photogrammetric method is widely used in coastal areas and in submerged environments. Time-lapse images collected with unmanned aerial vehicles are used to reproduce the emerged areas, while images taken by divers are used to reproduce submerged ones. Conversely, 3D models of natural or human-made objects lying at the water level are severely affected by the difference in refractive index between air and seawater. For this reason, the matching of 3D models of emergent and submerged coasts has been very rarely tested and never used in Earth Sciences. The availability of a large number of time-lapse images, collected at the intertidal zone during previous snorkel surveys, encouraged us to test the merging of 3D models of emerged and submerged environments. Considering the rapid and effective nature of the aforementioned program of swim surveys, photogrammetric targets were not used during image acquisition. This forced us to test the matching of the independent models by recognizing prominent landforms along the waterline. Here we present the approach used to test the method, the instrumentation used for the field tests, and the setting of cameras fixed to a specially built aluminum support console and discuss both its advantages and its limits compared to UAVs. 3D models of sea cliffs were generated by applying structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Horizontal time-lapse images, collected with action cameras while swimming parallel to the coastline at nearly constant velocity, were used for the tests. Subsequently, prominent coastal landforms were used to couple the independent models obtained from the emergent and submerged cliffs. The method was pilot tested in two coastal sites in the north-eastern Adriatic (part of the Mediterranean basin). The first site was a 25 m sea wall of sandstone set within a small harbor, while the second site was a 150 m route below plunging limestone cliffs. The data show that inexpensive action cameras provide a sufficient resolution to support and integrate geomorphological field surveys along rocky coastlines.

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