Characterization of TiO2 Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Using Ti(OC4H9)4

2011 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li Yang ◽  
Jia Wei Bai ◽  
Wen Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Tio2 Film ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Sol Gel Process

TiO2 film was dip-coated on glass substrate by a sol-gel process. Ti(OC4H9)4 was used as the titanium source. Surface morphology, crystallite phase, UV-Vis transmittance spectrum and pore size distribution of TiO2 powder prepared under the same conditions of the film were investigated. Surface of TiO2 film is fairly smooth with very slight roughness. No obvious hole or pore is found on the surface of the film. The strongest diffraction peak situated at 2θ=25.3o is the characteristic of anatase TiO2. The absorption edge of the TiO2 film is around 350 nm, while the transmittance fluctuates between 50% and 90%. The average pore size of the TiO2 particles calculated by BJH method is 23 nm. The total pore volume and specific surface area are 0.16 ml/g and 27 m2/g, respectively.

Study on Environmental Materials with Pore Size and Photocatalytic Activity of Porous TiO2-Al2O3 Photocatalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ma ◽  
Wen Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Average Pore

A novel porous TiO2-Al2O3 composite as a kind of environmental material was prepared by sol-gel method. The pore size distribution is not even in the whole pore size range. When pore size is 7.049 nm, the maximum pore volume of the material is 0.06627 cm3·g-1. The average pore size for the material is 14.56 nm and the total pore volume is 0.3945 cm3·g-1, as calculated from BJH method. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange can be regarded as following first order kinetic reaction. After 90 min of reaction, methyl orange degradation on the material was 77.0% and the total dye decoloration rate was 95.1%, containing both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. The intensities of both peaks in visible and UV regions decreased sharply during photocatalytic degradation process.

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of silver and zinc co-doped TiO2 nanoparticle for photodegradation of methyl orange dye in aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. Oladipo ◽  
Akinola K. Akinlabi ◽  
Samson O. Alayande ◽  
Titus A.M. Msagati ◽  
Hlengilizwe H. Nyoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Methyl Orange Dye ◽  
Co Doped

In this study, TiO2 nanocrystals, 1 mol% Ag-doped TiO2, and 1 mol% Ag and 0.6 mol% Zn co-doped TiO2 powders were synthesized by the sol–gel route. Their photocatalytic activities on methyl orange dye under visible irradiation were investigated. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD results revealed the presence of a rutile phase with an average crystallite size of 9 and 11 nm. The UV–vis spectra showed a red-shift towards a longer wavelength with the corresponding decrease in band gap from 2.9 to 2.5 eV. The BET surface areas of the nanoparticles ranged from 4.7 to 11.8 m2 g−1 with an average pore size between 18.9 and 56.6 nm. The Ag-doped TiO2 has the largest surface area of 11.8 m2 g−1, whereas the Ag–Zn co-doped TiO2 was found to have the highest pore size and volume. The absorption bands at 750–500 cm−1 were attributed to the –O–Ti–O– bond in the TiO2 lattice. The photocatalytic efficiency was highest at an optimum pH of 4.1 for Ag–Zn co-doped TiO2. The results confirmed that Ag-doped and Ag–Zn co-doped TiO2 were more effective than pure TiO2. The kinetic data were fitted into a pseudo first-order equation using a Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model.

Preparation And Characterization Of Ultra-Small Sized Metal And Semiconductor Particles In Sol-Gel Materials

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Moon Choi ◽  
Kenneth J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Transition Metal Clusters ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Bridged Silsesquioxanes

ABSTRACTPoly(l,4-phenylene)-bridged and poly(1,6-hexylene)-bridged silsesquioxanes (PPS and HPS) were prepared by the sol-gel process. The surface areas and pore diameters of these porous xerogels were obtained by BET and BJH methods, respectively. These porous materials were used as a confinement matrix for the growth of small-sized semiconductor and transition metal clusters. Quantum-sized CdS particles in PPS (approximately 58+12 Â) and HPS (91+16 Â) matrices were prepared by first soaking the xerogel in a CdCl2 solution. Following a washing with water, a Na2S solution was then added. EDAX and electron diffraction techniques were used to identify the CdS particles. The particle sizes of CdS in PPS and HPS were determined by both UV measurements and from TEM images. Small-sized Cr clusters were prepared in dried xerogels by an internal doping method. Mixed Cr/CdS phases were also prepared by internal loading of a chromium metal precursor. Following deposition of CdS the xerogel was heated at 120 °C under high vacuum, resulting in formation of intimately mixed phases of Cr metal and CdS. Changes in morphology, in particular the surface area and pore size distribution were noted. A decrease in surface area and an increase in pore size were observed as a result of Cr metal deposition.

scholarly journals Direct characterization of ion implanted nanopore pyrolytic graphite coatings for molten salt nuclear reactors

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (59) ◽  
pp. 33927-33938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyao Zhang ◽  
Qiantao Lei ◽  
Jinliang Song ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Fluoride Salt ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Graphite Coatings ◽  
Ion Implanted

Nanopore pyrolytic graphite coatings (PyC, average pore size ∼64 nm) were prepared on graphite to inhibit liquid fluoride salt and Xe135 penetration.

Preparation and Characterization of Porous Silica Obtained by Hydrochloric Acid Selective Leaching Metakaolinite

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
Lin Jiang Wang ◽  
Xiang Li Xie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Selective Leaching ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Hcl Solution

Porous silica was prepared by selective leaching of metakaolinite with 20 mass% HCl solution. The metakaolinite was derived from the 1:1 layered structure clay mineral kaolinite by firing at 600°C for 24 h. The characteristics of porous silica were studied. The content of Al2O3 in metakaolinite was sharply changed from 45% to less than 2% after 2 h leaching. The maximum specific surface area of the leached sample was about 350 m2/g. The average pore size is about 2 nm. The total pore volume is 0.3 ml/g. The layer structure of kaolinite and metakaolinite is responsible for forming micropores.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of ZnO microfiltration membrane and its support using kaolin (DD3) and CaCO3

Cerâmica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (362) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boudaira ◽  
A. Harabi ◽  
F. Bouzerara ◽  
S. Condom ◽  
F. Zenikheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Membrane Layer ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Ceramic Support

Abstract The objective of the present paper was to prepare a ceramic support with membrane. Tubular ceramic supports prepared from kaolin (DD3) and calcium carbonate with 6 and 10 mm inner and outer diameters, respectively, were extruded and sintered at 1200 °C. It has been found that sintered supports had interesting characteristics: average pore size of about 5µm, porosity of about 50%, and monomodal pore size distribution. This support was used to be substrate for a membrane layer of microfiltration. This membrane layer was elaborated from zinc oxide, using slip casting technique. The specimens were subsequently sintered at 1000 °C. The microstructure and porosity as well as the permeability have also been studied. It has been found that the average pore size was about 1.2µm, the layer thickness was ~33µm, and the water permeability measured was about 880 L.h-1.m-2.bar-1.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Nanopores of Coconut Shell Chars for Pore Characterization and the Analysis of Adsorption Kinetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai ◽  
Supunnee Junpirom ◽  
Juejun Katesa
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Gcmc Simulation ◽  
Transient Measurement

The uptake data of CO2 adsorption at 273 K by coconut shell chars prepared at various carbonization temperatures from 250 to 550°C were used for characterizing pore texture of chars as well as the analysis of CO2 adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium isotherms were used to determine the porous texture of chars, employing the DR equation and GCMC simulation. It was found that all the test chars contain micropores of a size range from 0.8 to 2.2 nm with the pore size distribution becoming wider for char prepared at a higher carbonization temperature. Porous properties of chars, including surface area, total pore volume, and the average pore size, appear to increase with an increasing carbonization temperature. The analysis of CO2 uptake during the transient measurement of isotherms revealed that the kinetics of CO2 adsorption is governed by the internal diffusional transport of the adsorptive molecules. The effective pore diffusivity characterizing this transport process increases with increasing CO2 loading and passes through a maximum at a certain loading. This maximum pore diffusivity shifts to a higher value as the carbonization temperature is increased. A semiempirical equation was developed to correlate the effective pore diffusivity of CO2 with the equilibrium adsorption loading and its predictive capability is satisfactory.

Effect of Heat-Treatment in Ar Atmosphere on Pore Structure of Carbonaceous Materials from Polysiloxane

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Li Qun Duan ◽  
Chen Chen Zhang ◽  
Qing Song Ma ◽  
Zhao Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Nanoporous carbonaceous materials derived from polysiloxane were first prepared by pyrolysis at 1300°C followed with hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching treatment. Their thermal stability of pore structure in inert condition was investigated in this paper by nitrogen adsorption technique in detail. The specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (total pore volume, micropore volume, mesopore volume) decreased continually in the heat-treatment temperature range of 1000~1400°C. The average pore size almost kept the same with the raw sample. However, when the temperature exceeded 1400°C, the micropore interconnection began transforming to mesopore structure, which led to the decline of SSA and the increase of average pore size. Furthermore, the pore size distributions (PSDs) curves showed that heat-treatment had an advantage on the transition process of pore structure from disorder to regularity to some extent when heat-treated in the range 1000~1400°C for the most possible reason of relief of residue strain in the carbonaceous materials.

scholarly journals Sol-Gel Processed Cobalt-Doped Methylated Silica Membranes Calcined under N2 Atmosphere: Microstructure and Hydrogen Perm-Selectivity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4188
Author(s):  
Lunwei Wang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Ruihua Mu ◽  
Yingming Guo ◽  
Haiyun Hou
Keyword(s):  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Gel Technique

Methyl-modified, cobalt-doped silica (Co/MSiO2) materials were synthesized by sol-gel technique calcined in N2 atmospheres, and membranes were made thereof by coating method. The effects of Co/Si molar ratio (nCo) on the physical-chemical constructions of Co/MSiO2 materials and microstructures of Co/MSiO2 membranes were systematically investigated. The gas permeance performance and hydrothermal stability of Co/MSiO2 membranes were also tested. The results show that the cobalt element in Co/MSiO2 material calcined at 400 °C exists not only as Si–O–Co bond but also as Co3O4 and CoO crystals. The introduction of metallic cobalt and methyl can enlarge the total pore volume and average pore size of the SiO2 membrane. The activation energy (Ea) values of H2, CO2, and N2 for Co/MSiO2 membranes are less than those for MSiO2 membranes. When operating at a pressure difference of 0.2 MPa and 200 °C compared with MSiO2 membrane, the permeances of H2, CO2, and N2 for Co/MSiO2 membrane with nCo = 0.08 increased by 1.17, 0.70, and 0.83 times, respectively, and the perm-selectivities of H2/CO2 and H2/N2 increased by 27.66% and 18.53%, respectively. After being steamed and thermally regenerated, the change of H2 permeance and H2 perm-selectivities for Co/MSiO2 membrane is much smaller than those for MSiO2 membrane.

scholarly journals Sol–Gel Synthesis and Characterization of a Quaternary Bioglass for Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4515
Author(s):  
Ricardo Bento ◽  
Anuraag Gaddam ◽  
José M. F. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Hydrolysis And Condensation ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Sol–gel synthesis using inorganic and/or organic precursors that undergo hydrolysis and condensation at room temperature is a very attractive and less energetic method for preparing bioactive glass (BG) compositions, as an alternative to the melt-quenching process. When properly conducted, sol–gel synthesis might result in amorphous structures, with all of the components intimately mixed at the atomic scale. Moreover, developing new and better performing materials for bone tissue engineering is a growing concern, as the aging of the world’s population leads to lower bone density and osteoporosis. This work describes the sol–gel synthesis of a novel quaternary silicate-based BG with the composition 60 SiO2–34 CaO–4 MgO–2 P2O5 (mol%), which was prepared using acidified distilled water as a single solvent. By controlling the kinetics of the hydrolysis and condensation steps, an amorphous glass structure could be obtained. The XRD results of samples calcined within the temperature range of 600–900 °C demonstrated that the amorphous nature was maintained until 800 °C, followed by partial crystallization at 900 °C. The specific surface area—an important factor in osteoconduction—was also evaluated over different temperatures, ranging from 160.6 ± 0.8 m2/g at 600 °C to 2.2 ± 0.1 m2/g at 900 °C, accompanied by consistent changes in average pore size and pore size distribution. The immersion of the BG particles in simulated body fluid (SBF) led to the formation of an extensive apatite layer on its surface. These overall results indicate that the proposed material is very promising for biomedical applications in bone regeneration and tissue engineering.

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