Modeling of Active Flexible Suspensions by Mobility and Transfer Matrix

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 2366-2371
Author(s):  
Jun Chuan Niu ◽  
Hao Nan Guo ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Proposed Model

For simplicity and not losing generality, a half-vehicle model with 4 rigid DOFs is presented by mobility or impedance method and transfer matrix technology, which bring the flexibility of the body to the proposed model easily and conveniently, instead of complex differential and state space equations. Based on the multi-objective optimization, a synthetic cost function is proposed to investigate the dynamic characteristics and achieve the optimal control of suspensions. The numerical examples are performed to show the validity and efficiency of the presented model, and some valuable conclusions are also obtained to guide the optimal design of suspensions.

Dynamic Characteristics of Motorized Spindle With Tandem Duplex Angular Contact Ball Bearings

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengye Lin ◽  
Shuyun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Transfer Matrix Method ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽  
Stiffness Coefficients ◽  
Proposed Model

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of motorized spindle, in which the tilting effect of tandem duplex angular contact ball bearing is considered. First, the quasi-static model of the duplex angular contact ball bearing is developed based on the Jones's bearing model. Then, the model is numerically solved using the Newton–Raphson method to obtain 16 stiffness coefficients (including the tilting ones). Later, a modified transfer matrix method is used to establish the dynamic model of the motorized spindle system with 16 stiffness coefficients. Finally, experiments have been performed to detect the stiffness of the tandem duplex angular contact ball bearing and the unbalance response of the motorized spindle. Results show that the modified transfer matrix method can be used to analyze the dynamic behavior of the motorized spindle supported on tandem duplex angular contact ball bearings, the tilting effect of the tandem duplex angular contact ball bearing affects the dynamic behaviors of the motorized spindle, and the theoretical dynamic characteristics using the proposed model agree with the experimental ones.

scholarly journals Development of Fuzzy Based Intelligent Decision Model to Optimize the Blind Spots in Heavy Transport Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchipoo Pandian ◽  
Vincent Devanayagam Sundaram ◽  
Rajakarunakaran Sivaprakasam
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Topsis Technique ◽  
Blind Spots

Statistics reveals that the visual problems are the primereasons for a larger number of road accidents. The blind spotis the major problem related to vision. The aim of this studyis to develop a fuzzy-based multi criteria decision-makingmodel for optimizing the area of the blind spot in the frontand sides of a heavy transport vehicle. To achieve this, thestatistical tool ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and multi criteriaoptimization techniques like TOPSIS (Technique for Orderof Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), FAHP (FuzzyAnalytical Hierarchy Process) and GRA (Grey RelationalAnalysis) were also used in this problem This paper consistsof three modules: first, the blind spots of the existing bodystructure dimension used in heavy vehicles were studiedand the optimal design parameters were determined by usingANOVA and TOPSIS methodologies; next, the weights ofthe design parameters were calculated using FAHP method.Finally, GRA-based Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)approach has been used to rank the vehicle body structures.The proposed model has been implemented in a transportcorporation to compare four different types of body structuresand concluded that the body structure which was builtby an outsourced body builder is having a smaller area ofblind spot and optimal design parameters as well.

scholarly journals Design of Free Stalls for Dairy Herds: A Review

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Frank van Eerdenburg ◽  
Lars Ruud
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
To Come ◽  
Available Information

Lying is an important behavior of dairy cattle. Cows should spend more than 50% of a day lying as it has a high impact on their milk yield and animal welfare. The design, size, and flooring properties of the free stalls influence the time cows spend lying, the way they lie down, and their rising movements. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the currently available information with the aim to assist farmers and advisors to come to an optimal design of the free stalls. The design of the free stalls should enable the cows to move and lie in positions as natural as possible. Cows should rest, with all parts of the body, on a clean, dry and soft bed, be able to stretch their front legs forward, lie on their sides with unobstructed space for their neck and head, and rest with their heads against their flanks without hindrance from a partition. When they stand, they should not be hindered by neck rails, partitions, or supports. A comfortable place for cows to lie down helps cows to stay healthy, improve welfare, and increase milk yield. Hence, the probability of a longer productive life for the cows increases and the number of replacements per year decreases.

The Generation Principle and Mathematical Models of Double-Enveloping Internal Gear Pairs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Bingkui Chen ◽  
Yawen Wang ◽  
Guohua Sun ◽  
Teik C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
General Mathematical Model ◽  
Meshing Characteristics ◽  
Internal Gear ◽  
Tooth Pair

In this paper, the planar double-enveloping method is presented for the generation of tooth profiles of the internal gear pair for various applications, such as gerotors and gear reducers. The main characteristic of this method is the existence of double contact between one tooth pair such that the sealing property, the load capacity and the transmission precision can be significantly improved as compared to the conventional configuration by the single-enveloping theory. Firstly, the generation principle of the planar double-enveloping method is introduced. Based on the coordinate transformation and the envelope theory, the general mathematical model of the double-enveloping internal gear pair is presented. By using this model, users can directly design different geometrical shape profiles to obtain a double-enveloping internal gear pair with better meshing characteristics. Secondly, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, specific mathematical formulations of three double-enveloping internal gear pairs which apply circular, parabolic and elliptical curves as the generating curves are given. The equations of tooth profiles and meshing are derived and the composition of tooth profiles is analyzed. Finally, numerical examples are provided for an illustration.

scholarly journals Optimal control in liver kinetics

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Minimization Problem ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minimum Problem ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Intermediate Form

AbstractWe solve a minimization problem in liver kinetics posed by Bass, et al., in this journal, (1984), pages 538–562. The problem is to choose the density functions for the location of two enzymes, in order to minimize the concentration of an intermediate form of a substance at the outlet of the liver. This form may be toxic to the rest of the body, but the second enzyme renders it harmless. It seems natural that the second enzyme should be downstream from the first. However, we can show that the minimum problem is sometimes solved by an overlap of the supports of the two density functions. Even more surprising is that, for certain forms of the kinetic functions and high levels of transformation of the first enzymatic reaction, some of the first enzyme should be located downstream from all the second enzyme. This suggests that the first reaction should be relatively slow.

scholarly journals A Two Joint Neck Model to Identify Malposition of the Head Relative to the Thorax

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Schmid ◽  
Christoph M. Bauer ◽  
Markus J. Ernst ◽  
Bettina Sommer ◽  
Lars Lünenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Biofeedback System ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Neck pain is a frequent health complaint. Prolonged protracted malpositions of the head are associated with neck pain and headaches and could be prevented using biofeedback systems. A practical biofeedback system to detect malpositions should be realized with a simple measurement setup. To achieve this, a simple biomechanical model representing head orientation and translation relative to the thorax is introduced. To identify the parameters of this model, anthropometric data were acquired from eight healthy volunteers. In this work we determine (i) the accuracy of the proposed model when the neck length is known, (ii) the dependency of the neck length on the body height, and (iii) the impact of a wrong neck length on the models accuracy. The resulting model is able to describe the motion of the head with a maximum uncertainty of 5 mm only. To achieve this high accuracy the effective neck length must be known a priory. If however, this parameter is assumed to be a linear function of the palpable neck length, the measurement error increases. Still, the resulting accuracy can be sufficient to identify and monitor a protracted malposition of the head relative to the thorax.

Dynamics of a Two-DOF Parallel Pointing Mechanism

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cammarata ◽  
Rosario Sinatra
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Moving Platform ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

This paper presents kinematic and dynamic analyses of a two-degree-of-freedom pointing parallel mechanism. The mechanism consists of a moving platform, connected to a fixed platform by two legs of type PUS (prismatic-universal-spherical). At first a simplified kinematic model of the pointing mechanism is introduced. Based on this proposed model, the dynamics equations of the system using the Natural Orthogonal Complement method are developed. Numerical examples of the inverse dynamics results are presented by numerical simulation.

Development of High-Speed Response Electromagnetic Linear Actuator Using for Pneumatic Control Valve

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Jin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Linear Actuator ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Linear Actuator ◽  
Quadratic Programming Method

Analytic model of electromagnetic linear actuator in the function of electric and geometric parameters is proposed and the effects of the design parameters on the dynamic characteristics are analyzed. To improve the dynamic characteristics, optimal design is conducted by applying sequential quadratic programming method to the analytic model. This optimal design method aims to minimize the response time and maximize force efficiency. By this procedure, electromagnetic linear actuator having high-speed characteristics is developed.

The use of open government data to citizen empowerment: an empirical validation of a proposed model

foresight ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nahin Hossain ◽  
Md Shamim Talukder ◽  
Md Rakibul Hoque ◽  
Yukun Bao
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Citizen Empowerment ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of open government data (OGD) on citizen empowerment. Design/methodology/approach This study advances the body of knowledge on OGD by proposing an integrated research model based on transparency, accountability, participation and collaboration dimensions. The research model was empirically tested using 275 responses using the on-paper survey from the university students and professionals in Bangladesh. Data were analyzed using the structured equation modeling technique. Findings Findings revealed that transparency and participation have a positive and significant direct and indirect influence on citizen empowerment through accountability and collaboration. Overall, the four basic pillars of OGD such as transparency, participation, accountability and collaboration interrelated with each other and have the impact on citizen empowerment. Research limitations/implications This study has proposed an instrument that sums the dimensions of open government, which avoids tautology and redundancy among OGD dimensions. More research should be done to validate the proposed model and the instruments used in this study. Practical implications For the researchers, this study provides a basis for further refinement of individual models of empowerment. For practitioners, understanding the key constructs is crucial to design, refine and implement OGD systems and applications that empower citizens, create public values and strengthen the democratic process. Originality/value This research is the first step that empirically investigates the impact of OGD on citizen empowerment which is the ultimate goals of any democratic government.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analytical Solution of a Piezoelectric Stack Utilized in an Actuator and a Generator

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinnan Liu ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Weijie Li
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
External Load ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuators ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Piezoelectric Stacks ◽  
Comprehensive Manner

This paper presents the dynamic analytical solution of a piezoelectric stack utilized in an actuator and a generator based on the linear piezo-elasticity theory. The solutions for two different kinds of piezoelectric stacks under external load were obtained using the displacement method. The effects of load frequency and load amplitude on the dynamic characteristics of the stacks were discussed. The analytical solutions were validated using the available experimental results in special cases. The proposed model is able not only to predict the output properties of the devices, but also to reflect the inner electrical and mechanical components, which is helpful for designing piezoelectric actuators and generators in a comprehensive manner.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document