Study on the Influence of Precise Ball Size for Mineral Indexes

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 523-525
Author(s):  
Gui Ming Shi ◽  
Zheng Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effects ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Concentrate Grade ◽  
Steel Balls

This paper describes the experimental part of how to decide the optimizing size and ratio of grinding media with semi-theoretical formula of ball diameter and experiment method. The method can significantly increase the recovery and concentrate grade of tin, significantly decrease the steel balls consumption and attain better economic effects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Grinding Media on Mineral Breakage Properties of Magnetite Ores

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liang Si ◽  
Yijun Cao ◽  
Guixia Fan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Different Diameters

The breakage and liberation of minerals are the key to fluidized mining for minerals. In the ball milling process, steel balls function as not only a grinding action implementer but also energy carrier to determine the breakage behavior of ores and the production capacity of the mill. When ground products present a much coarse or much fine particle size distribution, the separation process will suffer, resulting in inefficient recovery of useful minerals. Optimal control of the particle size distribution of the products is therefore essential, but the complexity and randomness of ball mill grinding make it difficult to determine the appropriate ball size. To solve the problem in the precise measurement of grinding ball diameters, this paper carried out magnetite grinding experiments with grinding balls of different diameters under the same grinding conditions to study the influence pattern of steel ball diameters on the particle break behavior, the particle size distribution of ground products, and the mineral liberation degree distribution. The research proposed on the matching relation between the ball size and the quality of ground products is essential for improving the ground product quality and reducing energy consumption.

Effect of specimen size and ball size on breakage throughput in the drop-weight test

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Akhondizadeh ◽  
Masoud Rezaeizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Specimen Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Drop Weight Test ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Impact

Effects of specimen size and ball size on the breakage throughput under the impact loading are investigated using a drop-weight test machine. Samples are square-shaped building stones ranging 20–60 mm in width and 22–256 g in mass. They include granite, marble, and two types of travertine with the thickness of 15 mm. The impact energies, up to 160 J, are achieved by falling balls in a drop-weight test machine. Several steel balls with the diameter of 60, 84, 96, and 120 mm have been used as an impactor. The ball size is a parameter whose effect on the breakage throughput is investigated here. Results show that the larger specimens have better breakage than the smaller ones at the same specific impact energy. It is also indicated that, at constant specific impact energy, the smaller balls behave more efficiently than the larger balls.

scholarly journals The Effect of Surface Texture on Lubricated Fretting

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Lenart ◽  
Pawel Pawlus ◽  
Andrzej Dzierwa ◽  
Slawomir Wos ◽  
Rafal Reizer
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Disc Surface ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
42Crmo4 Steel ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Experiments were conducted using an Optimol SRV5 tester in lubricated friction conditions. Steel balls from 100Cr6 material of 60 HRC hardness were placed in contact with 42CrMo4 steel discs of 47 HRC hardness and diversified surface textures. Tests were carried out at a 25–40% relative humidity. The ball diameter was 10 mm, the amplitude of oscillations was set to 0.1 mm, and the frequency was set to 80 Hz. Tests were performed at smaller (45 N) and higher (100 N) normal loads and at smaller (30 °C) and higher (90 °C) temperatures. During each test, the normal load and temperature were kept constant. We found that the disc surface texture had significant effects on the friction and wear under lubricated conditions. When a lower normal load was applied, the coefficient of friction and wear volumes were smaller for bigger disc surface heights. However, for a larger normal load a higher roughness corresponded to a larger coefficient of friction.

scholarly journals Investigating effects of ball size on the performance of gas lift valve for both modified and optimized seats

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ehsanul Kabir ◽  
Hossein Emadi ◽  
Fathi Elldakli ◽  
Matt Young
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Opening Pressure ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Gas Lift

The seat and the ball are the only two components of a Gas Lift Valve (GLV) that can be switched out to meet changing gas throughput requirements. For this reason, individual pairings of balls and seats must be designed to meet the particular requirements of specific situations. While conventional GLV seats have sharp edges, a modified seat design with partially beveled edges has been shown to improve gas throughput. This design was then tested using benchmark valve and was optimized by beveling the entire port of the seat. These experiments were conducted using a ball diameter that was 0.0016 m larger than the diameter of the port top, although the effects of even larger ball sizes have also been studied using benchmark valves with conventional seats. Researchers have yet to explore the effects of ball diameters smaller than the Port Top Diameter (PTD) and larger than the Port Bottom Diameter (PBD) for modified and optimized seat designs. In this paper, the effects of smaller ball size on the GLV gas throughput have been analyzed using both modified and optimized seat designs and actual GLV. The ball was 0.0016 m smaller than the PTD of the seats. Geometric models have been deduced to calculate the generated upstream area (frustum area) open to flow. This frustum area is a function of stem travel, and the dimensions of the seat and ball. Theoretical calculations have been compared with results obtained through robust experimental methods. The entire experimental program was divided into four individual experiments. The static testing was used to fix the dome pressure and the opening pressure. The hysteresis effect associated with the bellows assembly was minimized using the aging procedure. Probe tester was used to measure the stem travel. Finally, the gas throughput of the GLV was measured using dynamic testing. The smaller ball sizes were found to significantly improve the gas throughput of actual GLV. This improvement was as high as 179% for large PBD seats. However, the frustum area practically decreased for these cases. This result suggests that the flow coefficient has more effect on GLV gas throughput compared to frustum area.

Application of Accurate Ball-Load-Addition Method in Grinding Production of some Tailings

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 771-774
Author(s):  
Kai Qi Huang ◽  
Ce Huan Xiao ◽  
Qi Ming Wu ◽  
Gui Chun He
Keyword(s):  
Steel Ball ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Separation Index ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Large Steel ◽  
Separation Degree ◽  
Ball Diameter

Grinding fitness caused by the failure of the steel ball filling rate, inappropriate steel ball matching, large steel ball size, etc. cannot meet follow-up flotation requirements. In order to optimize the ball grinding process, enhance the single separation degree of minerals and separation index, the steel ball diameter, steel ball matching and required additional balls of the mill are calculated with theoretical of ball radius formula and accurate filling ball method.

Study on Grinding by a Double-Sphericity Abnormity Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 2010-2014
Author(s):  
Wei Mo ◽  
Jin Peng Feng ◽  
Shao Jian Ma ◽  
Jin Lin Yang ◽  
Xiu Juan Su
Keyword(s):  
Grinding Process ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Sulfide Ore

A double-sphericity abnormity media as grinding media was presented, and the grinding laws of cassiterite-polymetallic sulfide ore by the abnormity media and single ball media with different combinations were discussed in this paper. The results show that when adopting the abnormity media to replace its mother balls for grinding, the mother ball size is smaller, the grinding effect is better, and adding the abnormity media was helpful to decrease overgrinding. And for cassiterite grinding process, the desirable results could be achieved by using small size abnormity media to replace large single ball media.

scholarly journals Effects of Mechanical Activation on the Bioleaching of Sphalerite and Marmatite for Zn Extraction

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Shusheng Li ◽  
Yisheng Zhang ◽  
Luyuan Zhang ◽  
Anni Tang ◽  
Xin Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Pretreatment Technology

Even though mechanical activation is a significant pretreatment technology for the efficient extraction of metals from mineral resources, its effects on the bioleaching of sphalerite and marmatite are rarely discussed. In this study, mechanical activation pretreatment using various grinding media and grinding times was conducted, and particle size distribution, morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses, as well as batch bioleaching experiments, were carried out. The results suggest that #C conditions (corundum jar with zirconia balls) were more efficient than #S conditions (stainless steel jar with stainless steel balls) for the grinding of both sphalerite and marmatite. Mechanical activation significantly improved the bioleaching of sphalerite; however, it inhibited that of marmatite, possibly due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The optimum grinding conditions for the bioleaching of sphalerite and marmatite are proposed.

scholarly journals Quadratic Mathematical Modeling of Sustainable Dry Beneficiation of Kaolin

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Danishwar ◽  
Amna Hamid ◽  
Mirza Muhammad Zaid ◽  
Muhammad Zaka Emad
Keyword(s):  
Size Difference ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
In Series ◽  
Air Classifier ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Dry Beneficiation

Clay minerals are one of the most utilized minerals among non-metals. These are hydrous aluminum silicates with a layer (sheet-like) structure. Kaolin is a hydrous aluminosilicate mineral with a thin platelet structure. Kaolin is extensively used in paper, paint, and many other industries. Wet processing of kaolin will not be sustainable over the long term because global freshwater resources are becoming scarce. Hence, a process is necessary that does not consume water during the beneficiation of kaolin. This study developed a dry beneficiation process for low-grade kaolin of 59.6%, with 12% quartz and about 6% titaniferous impurities from Nagar Parkar, Sindh province, Pakistan. To develop a size difference between kaolinite and impurities, steel balls clad with rubber were used as the grinding media in a selective grinding unit. Screens of 60 and 400 mesh were employed to classify the feed of air classifier. Oversize +60 mesh was reground, 400 to 60 mesh fractions were sent to an air classifier, and −400 mesh was considered to be a product with the grade and recovery of 90.6% and 20.5%, respectively. Air classifier experiments were designed using central composite design. An experiment using a fan speed of 1200 rpm and a shutter opening of 4.0 showed optimum results, with maximum kaolinite grade and recovery of 91.5% and 35.9%, respectively. The statistical models developed for grade and recovery predicted the optimum results at a fan speed of 1251 rpm and shutter opening of 3.3 with the maximum kaolinite grade recovery of 91.1% and 24.7%, respectively. The differences between experimental and predicted grade and recovery were 0.1% and 2.4%, respectively. The characterization results showed the total upgrade of kaolin from 59.6% to 91.2%, with 27.1% recovery. The designed methodology has the potential to improve the yield of the product by focusing on its recovery. Furthermore, the designed process can be improved by using different sized balls in the selective grinding unit. This beneficiation process can utilize more than one air classifier in series to achieve the targeted results.

scholarly journals The effect of processing parameters on energy consumption of ball mill refiner for chocolate

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Fistes ◽  
Dusan Rakic ◽  
Biljana Pajin ◽  
Ljubica Dokic ◽  
Ivana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Shaft Speed ◽  
Rotating Shaft ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Steel Balls

A laboratory ball mill consisting of vertical cylinder, equipped with a rotating shaft with arms, and filled with steel balls as a grinding medium has been used in the experiments. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of agitator shaft speed and amount of grinding media (steel balls) on power requirements and energy consumption of a ball mill. With constant mass of the steel balls (20 kg, 30 kg and 40 kg), the agitator shaft speed was increased from 10% to 100% of the maximum speed which corresponds to a speed of 50 rpm. The power consumption (W) was recorded upon which milling energy consumption (J/kg) has been calculated. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The increase of the agitator shaft speed, in steps of 10% to the maximum speed of 50 rpm, led to a statistically significant increase in milling energy consumption. At low agitator shaft speed (10%), increase in the mass of the steel balls had no influence on the power requirements. Power requirements for the grinding runs using 30 kg and 40 kg are similar and higher compared to power requirement in trial with 20 kg, as agitator shaft speed increases from 20% to 70%. At high agitator shaft speeds (?80%), increase in steel balls mass led to the significant increase in power requirements of the ball mill.

Evaluation of Microindentation Test Results Using FEM Simulations for the Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Various Ferrous or Non Ferrous Materials

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-D. Bouzakis ◽  
A. Lontos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Steel Balls

The determination of the mechanical properties using the nano or macroindentation test results was developed in order to predict the mechanical properties of materials such as thin or thick coatings [1]. In the present paper a new method using a continuous FEM supported simulation of the microindentation results through a special tester, is proposed in order to predict the stress–strain curve of various ferrous or non ferrous materials that are being used as constructive materials in several machines or devices. The elasticity modulus is determined using a large spherical indenter tip and the stress strain curve using smaller steel balls. In the case of three deferent ball diameter indenter tips, the adopted experimental-analytical methodology present similar results regarding the constitutive law of the examined steel or aluminum specimens.

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