The Comparative Study of the Evaluation Method Calculating Aircraft Emission around the Airport

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1630-1635
Author(s):  
Da Min Liang ◽  
Xun Lai Tu ◽  
Hui Ling Cao
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aircraft Emission

The scope of civil aviation transportation ranges from ground to upper air, which the impact of emission varies at the vertical geographical altitude. The aircraft emissions near the airport have very bad effects on the low-altitude environment. The LTO emission calculating methods based on ICAO、EPA and FAA have been analyzed, then the emission results have been calculated and done the comparative study in this paper. The sameness and difference have been remarked on the EI, TIM of the calculation methods. At last the paper refers to the some concerns at the time of developing emission evaluation scheme.

Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the pollutant gas produced by hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the quantity of fuel burned from commercial aircraft at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycles in 2017. Design/methodology/approach The flight data recorded by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority and the aircraft engine emission data from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for calculation. The aircraft and engine types used by the airlines for flight at Ordu-Giresun International Airport were determined. To evaluate the effect of taxi time on emission amounts, analysis and evaluations were made by taking different taxi times into consideration. Findings As a result of the emission analysis, the amount of fuel consumed by the aircraft were calculated as 6,551.52 t/y, and the emission amounts for CO, HC and NOx were estimated as 66.81, 4.20 and 79.97 t/y, respectively. Practical implications This study is aimed to reveal the effect and contribution of taxi time on the emitted emission at the airport during the LTO phase of the aircraft. Originality/value This study helps aviation authorities explain the importance of developing procedures that ensure the delivery of aircraft to flights in minimum time by raising awareness of the impact of taxi time on emitted emissions, and contributes to the determination of an aircraft emission inventory at Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

Federalism

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Beramendi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a partial but necessary review of the dominating themes, evolution, and pending tasks that await the comparative politics of federalism. The basic premise of this article is taken from rational choice institution-alism. The article fist delimits federalism as an institution, before it pays attention to the impact of federalism on democracy and the workings of the economy. An analysis of federalism as an endogenous institution is provided. The article also mentions a number of methodological considerations on the comparative study of the origins and consequences of federalism. It ends with a discussion of the various challenges that lie ahead of the field.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Calculation Models for the Fire Resistance of Hollow Steel Columns Filled with Concrete

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Fellah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
The Comparative Study

Various calculation methods are proposed in codes for the evaluation of fire resistance of hollow steel columns filled with concrete, but the use of some of them may be very tedious for design engineers, and it may be interesting to have more practical tools at their disposal. In the comparative study presented here, three methods based on different procedures are investigated. Kodur’s method is a set of formulas allowing to calculate the fire resistance or the maximum applied load. Potfire is a computer program for which a user’s manual is provided and clean instructions describe how to introduce the data. SAFIR is a non-linear computer code that can simulate the behavior of structures under fire conditions. Comparisons are made between the results obtained by the three methods and test results. The differences are analyzed, and the influence of some parameters is examined. From the results obtained in this comparative study, it is possible to say in which cases each method can be used.

Small respiratory passages dysfunction in bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kytikova ◽  
M. V. Antonyuk ◽  
B. I. Gel'tser ◽  
E. E. Mineeva ◽  
T. A. Gvozdenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Timely Treatment

The small respiratory passages dysfunction (SRPD) is found in the vast majority of patients with bronchial asthma (BA). The SRPD is currently recognized as the important pathogenetic feature of BA. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current scientific knowledge about the poorly studied aspects of the small respiratory passages (SRR) participation in the development of pathological process in BA, as well as the impact of small bronchial dysfunction on the clinical course, the exacerbation frequency and the disease control. The importance of SRPD diagnostics in BA patients for optimal and timely treatment is discussed. The modern methods of RPD pathology diagnostics are described; their informative use in the comparative study aspect is considered.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE WAVE ATTACK ANTICIPATED UPON A STRUCTURE FROM LABORATORY AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
W.A. Venis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

Model tests have been carried out to obtain an insight into the magnitude of the wave-pressures in various situations. These tests showed, that sharp high pressure peaks occur in addition to the pressures caused by the reflecting of the waves, which pressures are quasi-static. As the structure can be compared with a multiple mass-spring system these pressure-peaks may cause the whole construction to vibrate. Wave-attack therefore can be expressed in terms of impact. Moreover, calculations revealed that the impact pressures were critical factors in determining the strength of the structure. So many model tests were carried out to determine the design and location of the sluices. These tests involved numerous water-levels discharges and waves. Regarding the pressure-peaks a comparative study was made in the model, which led to the structure being designed in such a way that the occurrence of critical impacts was reduced to an acceptable minimum. As it was impossible to avoid the occurrence of impact pressures entirely it remained necessary to determine a basic load for the structure that takes care of the impact pressures. As it has not yet appeared possible physically to determine a theoretical maximum for the impact pressures, it has to be borne in mind that there is a probability that each pressure measured will be exceeded. So this paper describes, how the cumulative frequency curve of the impacts for the case mentioned in 1.1 sub a, which served as a basis for determining the basic load was arrived at by a certain combination of laboratory and field observations. The data used for this purpose were a. Results of wave-impact measurements on a model of the sluices. This model, built in accordance with the results of the comparative study, was situated in the wind-flume of the "de Voorst" hydraulic laboratory. b. Wave height measurements in the Haringvliet during 1957 and 1958. c. Wind-speed measurements on board the lightship Qoeree, likewise during 1957 and 1958. d. Tidal registrations at Hellevoetsluis from 1920 to 1960. e. Wind-force data from the Hook of Holland, likewise from 1920 to 1960.

Simulating and Testing on Trajectory for Bomb with Parachute under Low Altitude Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jian ◽  
Ying Yuan Tian ◽  
Guo Zhao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Comparative Study

With the development of precision guidance ammunitions, more and more parachutes are used for controlling speed and adjusting posture. At the same time, this will increase the complexity of movement for bomb with parachute. This paper created a simulating model of trajectory for bomb with parachute under low altitude condition. By the comparative study on theoretical trajectory and testing, it can determine the parameters and firing table, and it’s very useful for aircraft ammunition on research and development.

Civil aviation and the environment – the next frontier for the aerodynamicist

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1110) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the coming century, the impact of air travel on the environment will become an increasingly powerful influence on aircraft design. Unless the impact per passenger kilometre can be reduced substantially relative to today’s levels, environmental factors will increasingly limit the expansion of air travel and the social benefits that it brings. The three main impacts are noise, air pollution around airports and changes to atmospheric composition and climate as a result of aircraft emissions at altitude. The lecture will review the work done within the Air Travel – greener by Design programme to assess the technological, design and operational possibilities for reducing these impacts. The main aeronautical disciplines all have something to contribute but it is in aerodynamics that the greatest opportunities appear to lie. If these opportunities are pursued, the aircraft in production in 2050 could be very different from those of 2005. It is for the aerodynamicists, supported by the structures and systems engineers and the materials scientists, to make the case for a radical leap.

scholarly journals Just retreat—how different countries deal with it: examples from Austria and England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFlood risk management has developed a large inventory of potential actions to climate-related hazards. Within this wide array of measures, managed retreat of communities at risk is usually only taken into account if other strategies are ineffective or unavailable. Communities who are affected by managed retreat are confronted with radical changes in their livelihood. However, managed retreat is highly contested. The use of managed retreat includes not only the relocation of house owners but also has the challenge that it discriminates between landowners as some gain and others lose. Therefore, managed retreat raises issues of social justice. To mitigate the impact on land, compensation plays a crucial role in flood risk management. The level and kind of compensation varies between countries across the globe. In this paper, we compare two different policy compensation frameworks in two European countries: Austria and England. The comparative study shows how different compensation schemes affect social justice, both in terms of substantive distributions but also in terms of procedural justice.

A Comparative Study Among Recursive Metaheuristics for Gene Selection

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Nassima Dif ◽  
Zakaria Elberrichi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bat Algorithm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Convergence ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Refinement Procedure ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

This chapter compares 4 variants of metaheuristics (RFA, EMVO, RPSO, and RBAT). The purpose is to test the impact of refinement on different types of metaheuristics (FA, MVO, PSO, and BAT). The refinement helps to enhance exploitation and to speed up the search process in multidimensional spaces. Moreover, it presents a powerful tool to solve different issues such as slow convergence. The different methods have been used for gene selection on 11 microarrays datasets to solve their various issues related to the presence of irrelevant genes. The obtained results reveal the positive impact of refinement on FA, MVO, and PSO, where all performances have been improved. On the other hand, this process harmed the BAT algorithm. The comparative study between the 4 variants highlights the efficiency of EMVO and FA in terms of precision and dimensionality reduction, respectively. Overall, this study suggests drawing attention to the choice of embedded metaheuristics in the refinement procedure, where powerful methods in exploration are recommended. Moreover, metaheuristics that risk form fast convergence are not advised.

أثر المنهج القرآني في الحديث عن النصرانية عند علماء المسلمين معالم منهج الفخر الرازي في دراسة النصرانية أنموذجا The Impact of the Qur’anic Approach on the Discussion of Christianity among Muslim Scholars

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-125
Author(s):  
سيكو مارافا توري ◽  
عصام التجاني محمد إبراهيم
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

الملخّصيدرك المتتبع حقيقة حديث القرآن عن الأديان الأخرى بجانب بيانه الشافي للإسلام نفسه بين دفتيه. ولا ريب أن لهذه الظاهرة ثمراتها ومستلزماتها. أهمها ضرورة خوض المفسِّر وكثير من علماء المسلمين في الحديث عن الأديان، ومحاولة تأسي كثير من علماء المسلمين المختصين في علم الكلام والأديان بالمنهج القرآني لدى دراستهم للأديان؛ رغم إمكانية دراسة الأديان بمناهج أخرى غير المنهج القرآني، لأنّ المنهج يختلف باختلاف الهدف والغاية من الدراسة، ومنها النقاش العلمي حول أسبقية علماء المسلمين في دراسة الأديان: أيرجع ذلك إليهم أم إلى الغرب في العصر الحديث؟! وتبع ذلك إشكالية الموضوعية في دراسة الأديان. تسعى هذه الورقة إلى دراسة معالم منهج الإمام الرازي في دراسة النصرانية، ومدى تأثره في ذلك بالقرآن الكريم، وهل هو عين المناهج العلمية المعاصرة في دعوى دراسات الأديان المقارنة. وسيتبع الباحثان المنهج التحليلي في دراسة المنهج القرآني أولا بعد تتبع الآيات المعنية في ذلك، وفي استخراج وإبراز معالم منهج الرازي في دراسته للنصرانية. ومن أهم نتائج البحث أن ضرورة تفسير القرآن الكريم أدى إلى الخوض في دراسة دين آخر.      الكلمات المفتاحيّة: منهج القرآن الكريم، التفسير الموضوعي، الخطاب القرآني، دراسات قرآنية، النصرانية، الفخر الرازي.             AbstractThe Qur’an contains essential and significant accounts of other religions, providing enough room for Muslim scholars of Qur’anic interpretation. In these endeavours, Muslim scholars have adopted the approach of the Qur’an despite the availability of other methods. This is because methods differ according to the goals behind the study. Question has been raised as to who were first to engage in the study of other religions: Muslims or the western scholars in the modern age? There is also the question of objectivity in the study of religions. This paper examines hallmarks in the approach of ImÉm al-RÉzÊ toward the study of Christianity, and the extent it was influenced by the Qur’an, and whether it reflects contemporary scientific methods in the comparative study of religions. The researchers adopt the analytical method in the study of the Qur’anic approach after which it then extracts and highlights the hallmarks of Razi’s approach to the study of Christianity. As the paper concludes, there is a need to interpret the Qur’an’s description of other religions.Keywords: Qur’anic Methodology, Subjective Interpretation, Qur’anic Discourse, Qur’anic Studies, Christianity, Fakhr al-RÉzÊ.

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