Preparation of Carbon Micro-Spheres from Liquefaction Products of Lignite with NaOH-Methanol

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Zhi Ping Lei ◽  
Li Juan Gao ◽  
Heng Fu Shui ◽  
Zhi Cai Wang ◽  
Shi Biao Ren
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
Direct Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Coal Liquefaction Products ◽  
Surfactant Assisted

Carbon micro-spheres (CMSs) with diameters of several micrometers were synthesized by surfactant-assisted self-assembly of direct coal liquefaction products, which come from the lignite liquefaction with NaOH and methanol. The synthesized CMSs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and TG analysis. The results show that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and carbonization temperature play an important role in the formation of CMSs. The CMSs have a spherical morphology, smooth surface, probable size of about 5-10μm and a relatively high thermal resistance in N2 atmosphere. The formation mechanism of these CMSs was discussed based on the feature of the reaction system.

Synthesis of Copper Nanospindles and Microflowers via a Surfactant-Assisted Hydrothermal Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 469-472
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Jing ◽  
Ji Min Xie ◽  
Gao Yuan Chen ◽  
Wen Hua Li ◽  
Ming Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Nanostructures ◽  
Surfactant Assisted

A facile solution-phase process has been demonstrated for the selective preparation of single-crystalline Cu nanospindles and microflowers by reducing Cuprous iodide (CuI) with Sodium ascorbate (VCNa) in the presence of Pluronic F-127(F-127) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To study the formation process of Cu nanoparticles, samples obtained at various stages of the growth process were studied by XRD. UV-vis spectra of the Cu nanospindles and microflowers were recorded to investigate their optical properties, which indicated that as-prepared Cu nanostructures exhibited morphology-dependant optical property.

Preparation of High Surface Area Ni-SDC Cermets Using a Surfactant-Assisted Co-Precipitation Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Joon Park ◽  
Tae Wook Eom ◽  
Jae Eun Oh ◽  
Hae Kwang Yang ◽  
Kyung Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Surfactant Assisted

ABSTRACTA surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method was employed for obtaining high surface area Ni-SDC with improved structural properties for SOFC applications. In the work, a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) was employed with NiCl2, SmCl3 and CeCl3 as precursors and NH4OH as mineralizer. The elimination of surfactants upon calcination gives rise to the formation of high surface area NiO-SDC. When calcined at 600°C, the powders with surface area of 249 m2/g, were obtained and the pore size was 14.45 nm. The powders consist of two phases, the cubic NiO and SDC confirmed with X-ray diffraction identification.

Morphological orders of spherulitic crystal textures in Belousov–Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Yadav ◽  
Syam Sundar Majhi ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Saw ◽  
Prem Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Oscillatory Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Large Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Phases ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe morphological orders of spherulitic crystal patterns in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system were studied. The experiments showed that the morphology of crystal patterns were highly dependent on the reaction temperature. The reaction was initially carried out at 30°C, leading to the growth of multi-centred spherulitic patterns. The single-centred spherulitic patterns with fairly large crystal fibrils were obtained at 35°C. A number of undersized crystal assemblies with fractal geometry were also investigated at 25°C. The gross morphology of the crystal patterns was examined using optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope which revealed the fibrous organisations. A particle-mediated self-assembly scheme was proposed for the growth of the spherulitic patterns. The insight into the nucleation mechanism, growth behaviour, and morphological orders of the growing patterns is discussed in detail. The crystal phases, ordering of textures, and composition of the crystals were characterised by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques

New Structure of CTAB Templated Silica Films as revealed by GISAXS coupled to HRTEM

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Besson ◽  
Catherine Jacquiod ◽  
Thierry Gacoin ◽  
André Naudon ◽  
Christian Ricolleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Silica Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Hexagonal Arrangement ◽  
Spherical Micelles

ABSTRACTA microstructural study on surfactant templated silica films is performed by coupling traditional X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) to Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS). By this method it is shown that spin-coating of silicate solutions with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent provides 3D hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) that is no longer compatible with the often described hexagonal arrangement of tubular micelles but rather with an hexagonal arrangement of spherical micelles. The extent of the hexagonal ordering and the texture can be optimized in films by varying the composition of the solution.

Crystal structures of (S)- and (R,S)-2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid 1,1′-dioxides and of their barium salts: absolute configuration and molecular distortion enforced by supramolecular self-assembly

1997 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vojtíšek ◽  
I. Císařová ◽  
J. Podlaha ◽  
Z. Žák ◽  
S. Böhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

AbstractCrystal structures of the title compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Absolute configuration of the barium salt of (+)-(

The Evaluation of TiTe2 as a Diffusion Barrier in the Formation of Low Thermal Conductivity Nanolaminates with Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Clay Mortensen ◽  
Paul Zschack ◽  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Precursor ◽  
X Ray

The evolution of designed [(Ti-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y, [(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y, [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y and [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Ti-Te)]y[(Sb-Te)]z precursors were followed as a function of annealing temperature and time using both low and high angle x-ray diffraction techniques to probe the self assembly into nanolaminate materials. The [(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y precursors were found to interdiffuse at low temperatures to form a (BixSb1-x)2Te3 alloy. The [(Ti-Te)]x[(Bi-Te)]y and [(Ti-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]y precursors formed ordered nanolaminates [{(TiTe2)}1.35]x[Bi2Te3]y and [{(TiTe2)}1.35]x[Sb2Te3]y respectively. The [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Sb-Te)]x precursors formed [{(TiTe2)}1.35]w[(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3]2x nanolaminates on annealing, as the bismuth and antimony layers interdiffused. Over the range of TiTe2 thicknesses used in [(Ti-Te)]w[(Bi-Te)]x[(Ti-Te)]y[(Sb-Te)]z precursors, Bi and Sb were found to interdiffuse through the 2-4 nm thick Ti-Te layers, resulting in the formation of (BixSb1-x)2Te3 alloy layers as part of the final nanolaminated products. When the Bi-Te and Sb-Te thicknesses were equal in the amorphous precursors, symmetric [{(TiTe2)}1.35]m[(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3]n nanolamiantes were formed. When the thicknesses of Bi-Te and Sb-Te layers were not equal in the amorphous precursor, asymmetric [(TiTe2)1.35]m[(BixSb1-x)2Te3]n[(TiTe2)1.35]m[(BixSb1-x)2Te3]p nanolaminates were formed. These results imply that to form (A)w(B)x(C)y nanolaminates using designed layered precursors all three components must be immiscible. To form (A)x(B)y(A)x(C)z nanolaminates, the components must be immiscible or the precursor to the A component and the A component itself must be an effective interdiffusion barrier preventing B and C from mixing.

Adsorption of the harmful hormone ethinyl estradiol inside hydrophobic cavities of CTA+ intercalated montmorillonite

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Burgos ◽  
Tatiana A. Ribeiro-Santos ◽  
Rochel M. Lago
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrophobic Cavity ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Derivative Thermogravimetry

Hydrophobic cavities produced by cetyltrimethylammonium cation (CTA+) exchanged and trapped in the interlayer space of montmorillonite were used to remove the harmful hormone contaminant ethinyl estradiol (EE2) from water. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry, elemental analysis (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen), Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and contact angle analyses showed that the intercalation of 9, 16 and 34 wt% CTA+ in the montmorillonite resulted in the d001 expansion from 1.37 to 1.58, 2.09 and 2.18 nm, respectively. EE2 adsorption experiments showed that the original clay montmorillonite does not remove EE2 from water whereas the intercalated composites showed high efficiency with adsorption capacities of 4.3, 8.8 and 7.3 mg g−1 for M9CTA+, M16CTA+ and M34CTA+, respectively. Moreover, experiments with montmorillonite simply impregnated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide showed that the intercalation of CTA+ to form the hydrophobic cavity is very important for the adsorption properties. Simple solvent extraction can be used to remove the adsorbed EE2 without significant loss of CTA+, which allows the recovery and reuse of the adsorbent for at least five times.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide- and ethylene glycol-assisted preparation of mono-dispersed indium oxide nanoparticles using hydrothermal method

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvakumar Dhanasingh ◽  
Dharmaraj Nallasamy ◽  
Saravanan Padmanapan ◽  
Vinod Padaki
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractThe influence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethylene glycol on the size and dispersion of indium oxide nanoparticles prepared under hydrothermal conditions was investigated. The precursor compound, indium hydroxide, obtained by the hydrothermal method in the absence as well as the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, was converted to indium oxide by sintering at 400°C. The formation of nanoscale indium oxide upon sintering was ascertained by the characteristic infrared adsorption bands and X-ray diffraction patterns of indium oxide. Transmission electron microscopy and band gap values confirmed that the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide facilitated the formation of indium oxide nanoparticles smaller in size and narrower in distribution than those prepared without the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline Nanotubes Doped with Different Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
Xue Lian Bai ◽  
Jian Ting Mei ◽  
Zhong Guo Mu ◽  
Yun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Polyaniline Nanotubes

Polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were synthesized separately using amino acetic acid (AA), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), oxalic acid (OA) as dopant and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant by a self-assembly method. SEM, TEM,FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and applying the 4 probes method characterized the morphology, structure and property of the product. It was found that nanotubes morphology were synthesized when the [Aci/[A ratio is 1:2.The room template conductivity of the products were studied.

Syntheses, Structural Characterization and Fluorescence of Zn(II) and Cd(II) Polymers from 5-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)isophthalic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chun Cheng ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhu ◽  
Hai-Wei Kuai
Keyword(s):  
Water Clusters ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Isophthalic Acid ◽  
Auxiliary Ligand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
A Chain

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn(II) nitrate with 5-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)isophthalic acid (H2L) yields the complex [Zn(L)(H2O)] 2H2O (1). When 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) as auxiliary ligand and Cd(II) nitrate were used in the alkaline reaction system, [Cd(L)(H2O)(bpy)] 3H2O (2) was obtained. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 shows a 2D fes network structure with uninodal 3-connected (4.82) topology, which is further linked by hydrogen bonding to give rise to a 3D supramolecular framework; complex 2 displays a chain structure. Interestingly, tetranuclear water clusters were generated in 1, which are interlinked to fabricate a water chain structure. The fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated

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