Enrichment Characteristics of Cadmium and Lead in Wheat at Different Growth Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Su Chen ◽  
Lei Chao ◽  
Li Na Sun ◽  
Tie Heng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Enrichment Characteristics

In this paper, the soil simulation pot experiment was carried out. The self-made cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) compound contaminated soil was taken as the test soil, and wheat was taken as the test plant. The Cd and Pb concentrations in different parts of wheat under jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage, and mature period were measured, and enrichment characteristics of wheat to Cd and Pb under different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that Cd and Pb contents in wheat roots were the greatest, while the contents in nutritive organ seeds were the least. Sequence of Cd and Pb contents in various parts of wheat was: roots> stems & leaves> rice husks> seeds. Cd and Pb contents in various parts of wheat plant gradually grew in the entire growth period, which reached the maximum at mature stage. According to the transfer coefficient and enrichment factor analysis, ability of wheat roots to enrich heavy metals Cd and Pb was stronger than that of stems & leaves, rice husks and seeds. In the transfer process of heavy metals Cd and Pb from soil to root, the transfer ability sequence was Cd > Pb.

Analyses of Aerosol Concentrations and Bacterial Community Structures for Closed Cage Broiler Houses at Different Broiler Growth Stages in Winter

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564
Author(s):  
LINLIN JIANG ◽  
JIANLONG ZHANG ◽  
JINXIU TANG ◽  
MENG LI ◽  
XIAOYU ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Dynamic Pattern ◽  
Different Growth Stages

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze the aerosol concentrations and microbial community structures in closed cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages to assess the dynamic pattern of microbial aerosols in closed cage systems. Our results revealed that the total concentration of bacterial aerosols gradually increased during the growth cycle of broilers. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that microbial compositions differed tremendously during different growth stages, although Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in samples from all broiler growth stages. At the genus level, dominant phylotypes displayed great variation during different growth stages. Escherichia and Shigella were the most dominant taxa throughout the growth cycle, increasing from 4.3 to 12.4% as the broilers grew. The alpha index revealed that the microbial diversity displayed significant differences between the different growth stages and that the bacterial community had the highest diversity when broilers were 22 days old. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that environmental microbes and opportunistic pathogens had relatively high abundances during the winter growth period. The data revealed the composition and aerodynamic diameters of microbial aerosols in closed cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages in winter. The results also enabled us to elucidate the dynamic pattern of microbial aerosols in broiler houses in response to bacterial communities. Our results may provide a basis for developing technologies for air quality control in caged poultry houses.

Speciation and accumulation pattern of heavy metals from soil to rice at different growth stages in farmland of southwestern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (28) ◽  
pp. 35675-35691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenming Zhang ◽  
Xianliang Wu ◽  
Qiusheng Wu ◽  
Xianfei Huang ◽  
Jiachun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Different Growth Stages

SENSITIVITY OF CROP PLANTS TO WATER STRESS AT SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES: REEVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Uniform Reduction ◽  
Different Growth Stages

It has been suggested that in many crops differences in sensitivity to water stress occur at different growth stages. Since identical amounts of water may be applied, irrespective of whether a crop is exposed to relatively severe and short periods of stress or to extended periods of mild stress, the responses to such differing conditions should be compared. Unfortunately, such a comparison has not been conducted in most studies on sensitivity to water stress at different growth stages. In the present study, based on three field experiments conducted for different purposes, such a comparison was made for three crops: corn, sunflower, and tomato. In corn, distinct responses of ear and kernel yields to the timing of water stress were found. Withdrawal of irrigation water during flowering and cob formation resulted in greater yield losses than during other stages, indicating that this is a critical growth stage. However, slight and uniform reduction of water during the entire growth period resulted in significantly less damage to kernel or ear production, although the total amount of water applied was similar to that under staged withdrawal. In sunflowers, the withdrawal of irrigation water even at noncritical growth stages caused a more marked reduction in grain yield than did a uniform reduction throughout the entire season. In tomatoes, on the other hand, the withdrawal of irrigation water during specific growth stages caused minimal damage to fruit and total soluble solids yield as compared with fully irrigated control; reduction of irrigation water throughout the season brought about a significant decrease in yield. The difference between these crops is interpreted on the basis of the determinance of their floral meristems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients and Glucosinolates at Different Growth Stages of a Commonly-Consumed Asian Brassica Vegetable

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Choon Nam Ong ◽  
Wee Kee Tan ◽  
Chiang Shiong Loh
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to systematically investigate a comprehensive list of bioactive components in a commonly consumed Asian leafy vegetable, Brassica rapa. They included polyphenols, fat soluble micronutrients such as carotenoids, tocopherols and phylloquinone, and various glucosinolates (GLs), in addition to the total antioxidant capacity, at three different growth stages. Methods Phenolic compounds were measured using C-18 HPLC/MS. Carotenoids, vitamin E and phylloquinone (vitamin K1) were detected using RP-30-HPLC/MS. Glucosinolates were determined using HILIC-HPLC/MS. Different AOX capacities were assessed either using UV-Visible or Fluorescent Spectrophotometer. Results Phenolic compounds, such as total flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acids, were highest at 3-leaf stage and significantly lower in mature plant. The main carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, remained the same throughout the different growth stages. However, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were higher also at 3-leaf stage, and decrease gradually with growth. In contrast, tocopherol concentration continued to increase and was highest at mature stage. There was little change for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) throughout the three studied stages. For the unique components in Brassicaeae, both dominating aliphatic and indolic-GLs concentrations were significantly higher at 1-leaf stage than at mature stage ( > 30x), whereas the aromatic GLs, although of much lower concentrations, continued to increase throughout the growth, and with highest amount at mature stage, suggesting that there is metabolic pathway shift of these secondary metabolites during plant development. In general, antioxidant capacity measured using Scavenging of DPPH radicals, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity suggested that there was an insignificant increase of total antioxidant content from seedling to mature vegetable. Conclusions The overall findings suggest that most of the nutritional active bio-components were higher at younger stages, either at 1-leaf or 3-leaf stage, except α-tocopherol, with continual accumulation during plant development. These comprehensive profiles of various nutrients should be valuable to the nutritional community. Funding Sources National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore.

scholarly journals L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine Accumulation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Tissues during Different Growth Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Shucheng Duan ◽  
Soon Jae Kwon ◽  
You Jin Lim ◽  
Chan Saem Gil ◽  
Chengwu Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Different Tissues

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-rich faba (Vicia faba L.) tissues are a potentially useful source for its pharmaceutical purpose, although the species contains health curious vicine and convicine in the seeds. We determined the contents of L-dopa, vicine, and convicine in different tissues of faba plants throughout the entire growth period. The three compounds accumulated in germinating sprouts and showed high contents at 8 days of germination, especially in the epicotyl containing 132.33 mg∙g−1 DW of L-dopa, 19.81 mg∙g−1 DW of vicine, and 10.38 mg∙g−1 DW of convicine, respectively. We compared the contents of the three compounds among leaves of different ages in plants at different growth stages. The samples could be ranked, from highest to lowest content, ranging from 11.11 to 81.82 mg∙g−1 DW, as follows: new leaves > young leaves > old leaves; and vegetative > flowering > ripening. Vicine and convicine were not detected in leaves or flowers. The L-dopa content was high in flowers, especially young flower buds, ranging from 36.51 to 100.70 mg∙g−1 DW. In older flowers, the L-dopa content tended to decrease as the calyx and petal parts developed. In addition, the three compounds showed decreasing contents in pods, stems, and roots with increasing plant age. The results of this study provide information on the timing and extent of L-dopa, vicine, and convicine accumulation in different faba tissues, and indicate that various by-products, especially new/young leaves and flowers, are potential sources of natural L-dopa.

scholarly journals Effect of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) treatment with brassinosteroids on the content of cadmium and lead in plant aerial biomass and grain

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kroutil ◽  
A. Hejtmánková ◽  
J. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Spring wheat var. Vánek was cultivated in pots in a soil naturally contaminated with heavy metals. Experimental plants were treated with three different types of brassinosteroids (BRs; 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone and 4154) during two different growth stages 29–31 DC (off shooting) and 59–60 DC (beginning of anthesis). Content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) was determined using AAS method in the plant growth stages 47–49 DC (visible awns), 73–75 DC (30–50% of final grain size) and 90–92 DC (full ripeness). At the stages 47–49 DC and 73–75 DC, the content of the heavy metals was determined in the biomass of whole plants, while at the stage 90–92 DC it was determined separately in straw and grains. After the treatment of plants with BRs a decrease in heavy metals content was observed in the growth stage 73–75 DC (i.e. during the period when the plants are harvested for ensilage purposes. Likewise, a decrease of lead content in the grains by 70–74% in the plants treated at both stages 29–31 DC and 59–60 DC and by 48–70% in the plants of the third group (plants treated at stage 59–60 DC) was determined as compared with the untreated plants.

Rumex acetosa L. Application on the Bioremediation of Soil Polluted by Combined Heavy Metals of Cd, Cu and Pb

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3069-3073
Author(s):  
Yi Yang Zhao ◽  
Jia Li Shen Tu ◽  
Kun Bai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Transfer Capability ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Combined Heavy Metals

Enrichment capacity and transfer capability of R. acetosa were studied in situ at the different growth stages, and the soil was polluted by the two levels (T1: Cd 0.70 mg/kg+Cu 114.37 mg/kg+Pb 138.94 mg/kg; T2: Cd 1.34 mg/kg+Cu 164.90 mg/kg+Pb 176.19 mg/kg) of combined heavy metals. The results showed that the content of Cd, Cu and Pb in roots increased first, then decreased and increased again as R. acetosa growing in each test area. And the content of Cd, Cu and Pb in shoots showed the same trend as roots. The enrichment capacity of R. acetosa to Cu and Pb was improved as the level of heavy metal pollution increased at the different growth stages, while the Cd was in inverse proportion to the concentration. But its enrichment capacity and transfer capability of Cd to be significantly higher than Cu and Pb. R. acetosa application on the bioremediation of soil polluted by combined heavy metals of Cd, Cu and Pb showed great potential.

scholarly journals A critical study on parameters controlling water requirement or wheat  Triticum aestivum L.) at various growth stages in ten different agroclimatic zones

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
R.C. DUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones ◽  
Different Growth Stages

ABSTRACT.  The parameters controlling water requirement of wheat and its crop data, at various critical growth stages from ten different agroclimatic zones for five years. were collected and analysed. The study revealed that the total CU-demand for wheat crop in different wheat growing zones varied from 160 to 465 mm of water. In most of the zones, peak CU-demand were either at milk stage (21.0% of the total CU demand or at different stages (19.5% of the total CU-demand). Rabi season rainfall was not sufficient to meet the crop C.U-demand at different growth stages. The soil moisture study revealed that its depletion started around tillering stage indicating thereby, need for irrigation water beyond that stale. Computed average Kc, values (throughout the crop growth period) varied from 0.36 to 1.05 in different agroclimatic zones. Growth stage-wise K, values at or after elongation stage even exceeded one. Wheat yield in various agroclimatic zone varied from 1900 to 4800 kg/ha with the average productivity of 17 to 26 kg/ha/day. The WUE of the crop in different zones lay between 5 to 17 kg of grain/ha/mm of water. Depending upon this study wheat growing areas were divided into six zones.  

scholarly journals Impact of post-infiltration soil aeration at different growth stages of sub-surface trickle-irrigated tomato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Zong-xia Jia ◽  
Wen-Quan Niu ◽  
Jing-wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Sensitivity to low rhizosphere soil aeration may change over time and therefore plant response may also depend on different growth stages of a crop. This study quantified effects of soil aeration during 5 different periods, on growth and yield of trickle-irrigated potted single tomato plants. Irrigation levels were 0.6 to 0.7 (low level) or 0.7 to 0.8 (high level) of total water holding capacity of the pots. Soil was aerated by injecting 2.5 l of air into each pot through the drip tubing immediately after irrigation. Fresh fruit yield, above ground plant dry weight, plant height, and leaf area index response to these treatments were measured. For all these 4 response variables, means of post-infiltration aeration between 58 to 85 days after sowing were 13.4, 43.5, 13.7, and 37.7% higher than those for the non-aerated pots, respectively. The results indicated that: post-infiltration soil aeration can positively impact the yield and growth of sub-surface trickle-irrigated potted tomato plants; positive effects on plant growth can be obtained with aeration during the whole growth period or with aeration for partial periods; positive growth effects of partial periods of aeration appears to persist and result in yield benefit.

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