Morphology of TiC Reinforced Ni-Cr-Mo Composite Coatings Prepared by CO2 Laser

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Zong De Liu ◽  
Yong Tian Wang ◽  
Rong Juan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Interface ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
The Individual

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was applied to fabricate TiC reinforced composite coatings. Different microstructures of ceramic phases were observed by SEM. The main phases of coatings were detected by XRD, while the individual one was examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis .The effect of composition of binder phases on morphology was explained by the ratio of the temperature gradient in front of the liquid/ solid interface to the growth rate.

The Analysis of Particles With Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
J. A. Small ◽  
J. A. Armstrong ◽  
D. S. Bright ◽  
B. B. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Initial Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Particles

The addition of the Si-Li detector to the electron probe, the scanning electron microscope, and more recently the transmission electron microscope (resulting in the analytical electron microscope) has made it possible to obtain elemental analysis on individual “particles” with dimensions less than 1 nm using EDS. Although some initial particle studies on micrometer-sized particles were done on the electron probe using wavelength dispersive spectrometers, WDS, the variability and complexity of many particle compositions coupled with the high currents necessary for WDS made elemental analysis of particles by WDS difficult at best. In addition, the use of multiple spectrometers, each with a different view of the particle and therefore different particle geometry as shown in Fig. 1, limited the quantitative capabilities of the technique. With the introduction of the Si-Li detector, there was only one spectrometer with a single geometry resulting in the development of various procedures for obtaining quantitative elemental analysis of the individual particles.

A STUDY ON MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF IN SITU FORMED TiC REINFORCED COMPOSITE COATINGS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250016
Author(s):  
PENG LIU ◽  
WEI GUO ◽  
HUI LUO
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Solution Strengthening ◽  
Surface Performance

In situ synthesized TiC reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser cladding of Al-Ni-Cr-C powders on titanium alloys, which can greatly improve the surface performance of the substrate. In this study, the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded composite coatings have been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). There was a metallurgical combination between the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded coating and the Ti-6Al-4V substrate, and the micro-hardness of the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded coating was in the range of ~1200–1450 HV0.2, which was ~3–4 times higher than that of Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Furthermore, the reinforcement of the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded coating were mainly contributed to the action of the TiC , Ti3Al , Cr7C3 , Al8Cr5 phases and the solution strengthening.

Electrochemical Properties of Al/Pb-WC-ZrO2 Composite Coatings

2008 ◽  
Vol 41-42 ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Zhong Cheng Guo ◽  
Xiao Yun Zhu ◽  
Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
X Ray

Effects of the concentrations of solid particles in the bath and plating conditions on chemical components and polarization curves of oxygen separating out were studied by use of PARSTAT2263 electrochemistry testing instrument made by Research Center of Princeton and EPMA-1600 electron probe X-ray diffraction. And the results show that kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution of the obtained Al/Pb-WC-ZrO2 composite electrode materials are a=771mV, b=140mV, i0=3.11×10-6A·cm-2, and oxygen overvoltage is η=1009mV. The contents of WC and ZrO2 particles in the Al/Pb-WC-ZrO2 composite coating are 10.02wt% and 3.55wt% respectively when plating conditions are as follows: WC:50g/L,ZrO2:40g/L, bath temperature: 20°C, electric current density: 1.5A/dm2, plating time: 2h.

Study on TlBr Single Crystal Growth Using Improved Electro Dynamic Gradient Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1979-1982
Author(s):  
Zhi Ping Zheng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lin Quan ◽  
Shu Ping Gong ◽  
Dong Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Single Crystal Growth ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Electro Dynamic Gradient (EDG) method was utilized for TlBr crystal growth in this paper. The influence of crystal growth conditions such as temperature gradient and growth rate on optical and electrical properties of grown TlBr crystals was investigated. The quality of TlBr crystals was characterized by infrared (IR) transmittance spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and I-V measurements.

Microstructure on Laser In Situ Deposit of TiBx/TiC ReinforcedComposite Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 665-670
Author(s):  
Jing Liang ◽  
Xiao Meng Tan ◽  
Cheng Jin Wang ◽  
Sui Yuan Chen ◽  
Chang Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Disperse Particles ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
In Situ Deposition ◽  
Scanning Electron

In situ synthesized TiBx/TiC reinforced composite coatings were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V substrate by laser in situ deposition using 10B4C-18TiNi-72Ti-6Al-4V (wt. %) powder blends as the feedstock materials. The microstructural analysis of the composites was performed using scanning electron microscope, and phase analysis was done with X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the composite coatings contained long needle TiB, irregular block TiB2 and disperse particles/dendrites TiC, the thick rod phase which was a inlay structure consisted of TiB2 and TiC. These composite reinforced phases were evenly distribution in the (TiNi+Ti2Ni+α–Ti) substrate.

Improvements in the electron probe forming capabilities and x-ray hole counts in the Philips TEM

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
Richard L. McConville
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Parallel Beam ◽  
Tilt Axis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Specimen Height

A second generation twin lens has been developed. This symmetrical lens with a wider bore, yet superior values of chromatic and spherical aberration for a given focal length, retains both eucentric ± 60° tilt movement and 20°x ray detector take-off angle at 90° to the tilt axis. Adjust able tilt axis height, as well as specimen height, now ensures almost invariant objective lens strengths for both TEM (parallel beam conditions) and STEM or nano probe (focused small probe) modes.These modes are selected through use of an auxiliary lens situ ated above the objective. When this lens is on the specimen is illuminated with a parallel beam of electrons, and when it is off the specimen is illuminated with a focused probe of dimensions governed by the excitation of the condenser 1 lens. Thus TEM/STEM operation is controlled by a lens which is independent of the objective lens field strength.

Spatial resolution of X-ray microanalysis in thin foils

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
R. Hutchings ◽  
I.P. Jones ◽  
M.H. Loretto ◽  
R.E. Smallman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Beam Divergence ◽  
Inelastic Interaction ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
High Current ◽  
Beam Spreading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Complex Calculation

There is increasing interest in X-ray microanalysis of thin specimens and the present paper attempts to define some of the factors which govern the spatial resolution of this type of microanalysis. One of these factors is the spreading of the electron probe as it is transmitted through the specimen. There will always be some beam-spreading with small electron probes, because of the inevitable beam divergence associated with small, high current probes; a lower limit to the spatial resolution is thus 2αst where 2αs is the beam divergence and t the specimen thickness.In addition there will of course be beam spreading caused by elastic and inelastic interaction between the electron beam and the specimen. The angle through which electrons are scattered by the various scattering processes can vary from zero to 180° and it is clearly a very complex calculation to determine the effective size of the beam as it propagates through the specimen.

High spatial resolution x-ray microanalysis of interfaces

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
J. R. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Brightness Field

X-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) refers to a technique by which chemical composition can be determined on spatial scales of less than 10 nm. There are many factors that influence the quality of x-ray microanalysis. The minimum probe size with sufficient current for microanalysis that can be generated determines the ultimate spatial resolution of each individual microanalysis. However, it is also necessary to collect efficiently the x-rays generated. Modern high brightness field emission gun equipped AEMs can now generate probes that are less than 1 nm in diameter with high probe currents. Improving the x-ray collection solid angle of the solid state energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results in more efficient collection of x-ray generated by the interaction of the electron probe with the specimen, thus reducing the minimum detectability limit. The combination of decreased interaction volume due to smaller electron probe size and the increased collection efficiency due to larger solid angle of x-ray collection should enhance our ability to study interfacial segregation.

Microchemical imaging in biomedical research

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1118-1119
Author(s):  
P. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Element ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Elemental Maps ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Secondary Ion

It is well established that unique physiological information can be obtained by rapidly freezing cells in various functional states and analyzing the cell element content and distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. (The other techniques of microanalysis that are amenable to imaging, such as electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, particle induced x-ray emission etc., are not addressed in this tutorial.) However, the usual processes of data acquisition are labor intensive and lengthy, requiring that x-ray counts be collected from individually selected regions of each cell in question and that data analysis be performed subsequent to data collection. A judicious combination of quantitative elemental maps and static raster probes adds not only an additional overall perception of what is occurring during a particular biological manipulation or event, but substantially increases data productivity. Recent advances in microcomputer instrumentation and software have made readily feasible the acquisition and processing of digital quantitative x-ray maps of one to several cells.

Reduction of Potassium in Kidney Proximal Tubules to Aid in Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis of Calcium

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
A. LeFurgey ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
L.J. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried

For quantitative determination of subcellular Ca distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis, decreasing (and/or eliminating) the K content of the cell maximizes the ability to accurately separate the overlapping K Kß and Ca Kα peaks in the x-ray spectra. For example, rubidium has been effectively substituted for potassium in smooth muscle cells, thus giving an improvement in calcium measurements. Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside widely used in experimental and clinical applications, inhibits Na-K ATPase at the cell membrane and thus alters the cytoplasmic ion (Na,K) content of target cells. In epithelial cells primarily involved in active transport, such as the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney, ouabain rapidly (t1/2= 2 mins) causes a decrease2 in intracellular K, but does not change intracellular total or free Ca for up to 30 mins. In the present study we have taken advantage of this effect of ouabain to determine the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca content in freeze-dried cryosections of kidney proximal tubule by electron probe x-ray microanalysis.

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