Treatment of Wastewater by Coagulation Using Phytochemical

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2357-2360
Author(s):  
Preeyaporn Buaban ◽  
Anurak Petiraksakul ◽  
Sakoraphob Banlengchit
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Jar Test

The objective of this study is to compare organic and inorganic coagulants in coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation, using a jar test apparatus. Six types of coagulants, namely extract solution of moringa oleifera seed with distillation water (Moringa-H), extract solution of moringa oleifera with sodium chloride (Moringa-N), Micro-nice®bio separator A from Technogreen Limited, aluminium sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were investigated using three types of synthetic wastewater, kaolin suspension, soymilk solution and oily wastewater for determination of the optimum dosage and coagulation mechanism. The results indicated that PAC was able to remove turbidity of 90-94%, pH in the range of 6-7 in the kaolin suspension concentration range of 20-100 mg/L, while the Moringa-H showed turbidity removal of 66-91% which was better than Moringa-N and dry sediment using Micro-Nice®gave minimum sludge. The Micro-Nice®also showed high turbidity removal in colloid and oily wastewater. The optimum dosage of Micro-Nice®was in the range of 80-120 mg/L for colloid removal of 89-96% and COD removal of 37-73% at the colloid concentration range of 100-1000 mg/L, while 10 g/L oily wastewater showed that the optimum dosage of Micro-Nice®was 200 mg/L for turbidity removal of 99%, COD removal of 73% and oil removal of 97%.

scholarly journals Enhanced Coagulation Efficiency of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Through Selective Oil Extraction

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman A. Muyibi ◽  
Saad A. Abbas Megat Johari M. M. Noor Fakrul Razi Ahmadun
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

In this laboratory based study, varying quantities of oil, corresponding to 20 % w/w, 25 % w/w and 30 % w/w kernel weight extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds ( S1, S2, S3) respectively  were applied in the coagulation of model turbid water (kaolin suspension) and turbid river water samples from River Batang Kali and River Selangor in Malaysia to determine the percentage oil removed which gave the best coagulation efficiency. For model turbid water (kaolin suspension) coagulation of low turbidity of 35 NTU, medium turbidity of 100 NTU and high turbidity of 300 NTU, sample S2  gave the best turbidity removal corresponding to 91.7%, 95.5% and 99% respectively. Application of sample S2 to River Batang Kali with low initial turbidity of 32 NTU and high initial turbidity of 502 NTU gave a highest turbidity removal of 69% and 99% respectively. Application to River Selangor with medium initial turbidity- of 87 NTU and high initial turbidity of 466 NTU gave a highest residual turbidity' of 94% and 98.9%,  respectively.Key words: Moringa oleifera seed, selective oil extraction, coagulation, model turbid water (kaolin suspension), river water, turbidity removal.

The Potential of Different Saline Solution on the Extraction of the Moringa oleifera Seed's Active Component for Water Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiele Scaramal Madrona ◽  
Rosangela Bergamasco ◽  
Vanessa Jurca Seolin ◽  
Marcia R. Fagundes Klen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The main objective of the present work is to study the efficiency in terms of removing color and turbidity of raw water in order to obtain drinking water. For this purpose, different coagulant solutions were obtained utilizing different salts, NaCl, KCl and MgCl2, in concentration 1M, distilled water combined with the Moringa oleifera Lam seed. Each coagulant solution obtained was studied with concentrations ranging from 25 to 300 mg/L of Moringa in salt solution. The tests were performed in the “Jar Test,” and the efficiency of the process was assessed in terms of color and turbidity. The results show no difference in the coagulation for extracts using the salts KCl, NaCl and MgCl2 1 Molar. The best results were found employing the coagulant solutions extracted with salt, in various concentration ranges (125 to 300 mg/L); as the concentration of protein in solution becomes higher, the greater is its power as a coagulant. The lowest content of protein was found in the solution extracted with water, which consequently had the lowest values of color and turbidity removal. Finally, the results obtained by the present work show that the seed of Moringa oleifera Lam is a great alternative for use as a coagulant in drinking water treatment systems.

Biocoagulation Efficiency of Corchorus olitorius L. (Jute) Seed Powder in Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Sabo Bala ◽  
Donatus B. Adie
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Chemical Analysis Result ◽  
Health Organization

The research is aimed at exploring the potential of using Corchorus olitorius (Jute) seed extracts as natural coagulant for turbidity removal from water. Laboratory scale studies using jar test experiments were performed on medium turbid water to study the influence of various process parameters such as Coagulant dosage, p H, Turbidity, Colour, Hardness, Alkalinity and Bacterial count and the optimum condition for maximum Turbidity removal was identified. Results obtained showed that at 75mg/L optimal removal of turbidity was achieved. Jute seed extract was also able to maintain the p H of treated water at 7.02 with the 75mg/L dosage. However, the reduction in turbidity was below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended value of 5NTU. The best colour removal was also not up to the WHO’s recommended value of 40TCU. The chemical analysis result showed that Jute seed powder contained 20.90% protein. When jute was used in combination with Moringa oleifera there was significant reduction in turbidity and bacterial count. At 20% jute and 80% Moringa oleifera, best colour removal, turbidity and bacterial count were obtained. Key words-Biocoagulation, Corchorus olitorius, Bacterial count, Jar test

scholarly journals Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Dafne Cruz ◽  
Marcio Pimentel ◽  
Ana Russo ◽  
Wilson Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Charge Neutralization ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Apparent Color

Most of the water supplied in Brazil comes from water streams that may have higher values for apparent color than turbidity. Treatability trials were performed for color and turbidity removal to evaluate the advantages of coagulation during the charge neutralization mechanism when compared to sweep flocculation for water with those characteristics. There were three types of trials: conventional Jar Test with raw water, with and without filtration, and in a pilot Water Treatment Plant, direct downward filtration, with synthetic water. Auxiliary equipment such as Continuous Flocculation Monitoring Equipment (CFME) and image analysis were used to evaluate the growth of flocs. In the Jar Tests experiments, similar levels of color (61.49%) and turbidity (61.30%) removal were observed, with a lower dosage of coagulant (46 mg/L) in the charge neutralization mechanism compared to the ones with sweep flocculation (58.22% for color and 54.73% for turbidity removal with 52 mg/L of aluminium sulfate). Similar results were found on pilot plant. At filtration rates of 180 and 300 m3 m−2 day−1, sweep flocculation mechanism had shorter filtration cycle (<5 m3) compared to other mechanisms. Therefore, a change in the operation of Water Treatment plants that use a coagulant dosage associated with sweep flocculation can bring advantages such as the reduction of coagulant consumption and sludge productions, as well as the increase of chlorine disinfection and filtration cycles.

scholarly journals The cellulose of Boehmeria nivea as natural flocculants: synthesis, modification, and flocculation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
D Fauzani ◽  
S Notodarmojo ◽  
M Handajani ◽  
Q Helmy ◽  
T Kardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose, the most common polymer on the planet, is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following article consists of a review of the latest developments regarding biopolymers, in particular, cellulose as a natural flocculant. One of the plants that can be developed in Indonesia is Boehmeria nivea, or what is known as Ramie, which contains cellulose that is still not utilized optimally. There is a method of isolation of alpha-cellulose derived from Boehmeria nivea and its application as a flocculant in synthetic wastewater presented in this paper. The alpha-cellulose of Boehmeria nivea was used as a flocculant in jar testing using kaolin suspension (5 g/L). The study shows that adding alpha-cellulose as an aid to PAC slightly increased the turbidity removal efficiency, and further modification of alpha-cellulose by cationic grafts into cationic cellulose is needed.

scholarly journals Optimization of Initial Turbidity and Coagulant Concentration to Remove Turbidity Using Moringa oleifera Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Bong Min Kim ◽  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Johng-Hwa Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Slow Mixing

Objective:Coagulation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seeds was studied to determine the optimal conditions in treating a turbid water.Method:Jar-test experiments were performed at various rapid mixing (90-250 rpm; 1-2 min), slow mixing (10-60 rpm; 10-50 min), initial turbidity (100-500 NTU), coagulant doses (200-1,500 mg/L), and pH (2-12) in synthetic wastewater. Response surface analysis was used to optimize the coagulation in jar-test experiments.Results and Discussion:The optimal conditions for turbidity removal with <i>M. oleifera</i> were 200 rpm of rapid-mixing speed for 1 min, 40 rpm of slow-mixing speed for 20 min, and pH 8. The coagulation efficiency was found to be dependent on initial turbidity of water samples. Highest turbidity removals (96.5%) were obtained for water with very high initial turbidity (500 NTU). The effects of initial turbidity and coagulant dose were successfully analyzed by the response surface analysis. Within the design boundaries, turbidity removal was more sensitive to changes in initial turbidity than to changes in coagulant dose.Conclusions:The quadratic model between initial turbidity and coagulant for turbidity removal was shown. <i>M. oleifera</i> can be used as a potential coagulant especially for high turbidity water.

scholarly journals Application of Moringa oleifera Powder and Seeds to Remove Turbidity from Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Semirames Do N. Silva ◽  
Suiane M. Moraes ◽  
Joana D’arc P. Matos ◽  
Roberta de S. O. Wanderley ◽  
Luís P. F. R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Natural Solution ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed ◽  
Artificial Water

Aims: The use of natural, on-site, low-cost coagulants can reduce problems related to the consumption of non-potable water and untreated wastewater discharges into receiving bodies. A natural solution for acting as a coagulant is the Moringa oleifera seed. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of turbidity removal through the application of moringa seeds as a natural coagulant in three different retention times. Methodology: The research was carried out at the Agricultural Products Storage Processing Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The powder obtained after trituration of the seeds and the seed without bark was used. A jar test was used to test the application of the coagulant based on powder and moringa seeds. To obtain artificial water, 0.5 g of clay was added to the jars of the jar test. The Jar Test was connected to a rotation of 120 rpm for 30 minutes, then was turned off and kept at rest for 45, 53 and 61 minutes. Subsequently, approximately 50 mL of sample was collected from each pitcher for analysis of the turbidity parameter. Results: The application of the seeds was more efficient than the powder. Sedimentation times influenced the removal of turbidity. Conclusion: The turbidity values are outside of what is allowed by current Brazilian legislation.

Coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera seeds from two distinct sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Narasiah ◽  
A. Vogel ◽  
N.N. Kramadhati
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Samples of turbid water prepared under laboratory controlled conditions were tested using natural coagulant-flocculant Moringa oleifera seeds from Burundi, Central Africa, and from Mahajanga, Madagascar. Coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation experiments were conducted using jar test equipment. For these tests, 5% Moringa oleifera solutions (w/w in water) were prepared using shelled and non-shelled seeds from the aforementioned countries. The results show that, in both cases, the shelled seeds provide much higher turbidity removal than the non-shelled ones. In addition, the volume of sludge produced was approximately 30% of that of conventional coagulants such as alum. Finally, it was concluded that seeds from Burundi were of superior quality than those of Madagascar. In fact, higher dosages of these seeds, of up to four times, were required in order to attain the same level of turbidity as the Burundi seeds.

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment by Water Hyacinth in Developing Countries

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
R. J. Garde
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
New Treatment

With increasing stress on existing wastewater treatment systems, it is necessary either to upgrade the treatment unit(s) or install an entirely new treatment plant. Obviously, the upgrading is preferred over the alternative of having a new system. Keeping this in view, in the present project, an attempt has been made to explore the possibility of upgrading existing facultative ponds using water hyacinth. Bench-scale batch studies were designed to compare the performance of hyacinth treatment system with facultative ponds. Investigations were carried out with synthetic wastewater having COD in the range of 32.5-1090 mg/l. The efficiency of COD removal in water hyacinth ponds was 15-20 percent more than the facultative ponds. Based on the results, an empirical model has been proposed for COD removal kinetics. In the second phase of the project a hyacinth pond was continuously operated. BOD, COD, TS, TN, TP, pH, and DO were regularly monitored. However, the DO of the effluent from hyacinth treatment system was considerably reduced. Effluent should be aerated before it is discharged. The results indicate that the existing facultative ponds can be stalked with water hyacinth to improve their performance as well as hyacinth treatment systems can be installed to support the conventional treatment.

Treatment of Sugar Containing-Low Strength Wastewater at 20°C by Anaerobic Granular Sludge Bed Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yoochatchaval ◽  
K. Kubota ◽  
T. Kawai ◽  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
K. Syutsubo
Keyword(s):  
Stable Process ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Low Strength

To investigate the feasibility of anaerobic wastewater treatment technology for low strength sugar refinery wastewater (0.4 - 0.5 g COD/L), an 8.8 L volume of anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor was operated at 20°C for 400 days. The operation mode was combination of one pass flow (UASB, 50 min) and effluent-recirculation (EGSB, 10 min) mode. The aerobic down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was installed as a post-treatment. During the started-up period, reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater at overall HRT of 3 hours (anaerobic 2 hours, aerobic 1 hour). After day 85, feed was changed to real wastewater together with supplement of nutrients, trace elements and NaHCO3. The sufficient COD removal efficiency (85% SD±6.2) and stable process performance were elicited from the granular sludge bed reactor.Also, post-treatment (DHS reactor) offered good quality of effluent (45 mg COD/L, 7 mg BOD/L) and it achieved the discharge standard. Increasing of sulfate concentration of wastewater caused higher contribution of sulfate reducing bacteria for COD removal. The sludge concentration and settleability were well maintained thoroughly. However, floatation of large size granule was observed in the later part of experiment. This phenomenon may attribute to the high growth yield of retained sludge at 20°C.

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