Use of Alternative Fuels at Selected Types of Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Zoltán Záležák ◽  
Rastislav Bernát ◽  
Norbert Kecskés
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Standard Manner

Every car needs for operation, if possible, the highest quality fuel. Fossil fuels produced from crude oil by conventional technology are being increasingly replaced by alternative fuels. It is caused by new technologies that allow combustion of such fuels and, at the same time, provide economically more efficient operation of cars. From the perspective of ecology, they are also of great importance when it comes to meeting the strict emission standards of the European Union. The experiment compares two types of alternative propulsion with LPG and CNG at selected makes of Fiat cars with 1.4 litre engines. These engines can also utilize conventional fuels – petrol and are mass-produced directly from the factory. The measurements themselves were carried out during predetermined driving cycles such as urban, extra-urban and highway. All the three categories of measurements were carried out under normal driving conditions in a standard manner in compliance with all traffic regulations. Based on all measurements obtained from both engines with LPG and CNG propulsion, we found that the car with the LPG engine became economically more advantageous. The benefit was found in expenses return with this system as well as in measured consumption, prices and availability of filling stations.

scholarly journals Energy Indicators in the Context of Globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Răzvan Cătălin Dobrea ◽  
Sorin Petrică Angheluţă ◽  
Amelia Diaconu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
New Challenges

Globalization leads to new challenges. There is a trend of growth of the population. At the same time, production processes are subject to changes. If the new technologies are based on environmental protection, then we can also be considered that the greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced. As energy requirements are rising, it is important to efficient use of natural resources. This, especially, as energy sources differ from one country to another. In this context, dependence on energy imports becomes important. From this point of view, for the countries of the European Union, the article analyzes the evolution of energy efficiency. In recent years, it trying to replace fossil fuels with renewable fuels. Analyzing the share of energy from renewable sources in total electricity allows us to observe the degree of decarbonisation of the European Union economy. The use of energy from renewable sources allows the development of green technologies and contributes to the protection of the environment. Producing of the energy in a region and transporting it to another region creates bridges and contributes to globalization. Thus, in the process of globalization, the role of energy is increasingly important. The article presents a European analysis of gross and net electricity production.

scholarly journals Post COVID-19 Recovery and 2050 Climate Change Targets: Changing the Emphasis from Promotion of Renewables to Mandated Curtailment of Fossil Fuels in the EU Policies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Maniatis ◽  
David Chiaramonti ◽  
Eric van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
The European Union

The present work considers the dramatic changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the global economy, with particular emphasis on energy. Focusing on the European Union, the article discusses the opportunities policy makers can implement to reduce the climate impacts and achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 targets. The analysis specifically looks at the fossil fuels industry and the future of the fossil sector post COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis first revises the fossil fuel sector, and then considers the need for a shift of the global climate change policy from promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources to curtailing the use of fossil fuels. This will be a change to the current global approach, from a relative passive one to a strategically dynamic and proactive one. Such a curtailment should be based on actual volumes of fossil fuels used and not on percentages. Finally, conclusions are preliminary applied to the European Union policies for net zero by 2050 based on a two-fold strategy: continuing and reinforcing the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive to 2035, while adopting a new directive for fixed and over time increasing curtailment of fossils as of 2025 until 2050.

scholarly journals Oil Price Uncertainty, Globalization, and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from the European Union

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3429
Author(s):  
Svetlana Balashova ◽  
Apostolos Serletis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Price Uncertainty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Tfp Growth

This paper uncovers linkages between oil price uncertainty, total factor productivity (TFP) growth, and critical indicators of knowledge production and spillovers. It contributes to the literature by investigating the effects of oil price volatility on TFP growth, controlling for two different channels for TFP growth; benefits from the quality of the national innovation system and from adopting new technologies. We use an unbalanced panel for 28 European Union countries for the period from 1990 to 2018. We find that oil price uncertainty has a negative and statistically significant effect on TFP growth, even after we control for technological advancements and the effects of globalization. We also find that the scale of research and innovation and international trade are positive contributors to TFP growth.

scholarly journals Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5142
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

scholarly journals Environmental Payback of Renovation Strategies in a Northern Climate—the Impact of Nuclear Power and Fossil Fuels in the Electricity Supply

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ramírez-Villegas ◽  
Ola Eriksson ◽  
Thomas Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to assess how the use of fossil and nuclear power in different renovation scenarios affects the environmental impacts of a multi-family dwelling in Sweden, and how changes in the electricity production with different energy carriers affect the environmental impact. In line with the Paris Agreement, the European Union has set an agenda to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of energy efficiency in buildings. It is estimated that by the year 2050, 80% of Europe’s population will be living in buildings that already exist. This means it is important for the European Union to renovate buildings to improve energy efficiency. In this study, eight renovation scenarios, using six different Northern European electricity mixes, were analyzed using the standard of the European Committee for Standardization for life cycle assessment of buildings. This study covers all life cycle steps from cradle to grave. The renovation scenarios include combinations of photovoltaics, geothermal heat pumps, heat recovery ventilation, and improvement of the building envelope. The results show that while in some electricity mixes a reduction in the global warming potential can be achieved, it can be at the expense of an increase in radioactive waste production, and, in mixes with a high share of fossil fuels, the global warming potential of the scenarios increases with time, compared with that of the original building. It also shows that in most electricity mixes, scenarios that reduce the active heat demand of the building end up in reducing both the global warming potential and radioactive waste, making them less sensitive to changes in the energy system.

E-Government at Supranational Level in the European Union

2011 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
F. Amoretti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Information Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Community Programmes

The term “e-government” became part of the political vocabulary toward the end of the 1990s. Previously, with the onset of new technologies, it found its place in the wider “semantic container,” the information society. To respond to the United States and Japan’s economic challenge, the European Commission drew up a “White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness, and Employment: Challenges and Ways Forward to the 21st Century” (the so-called Delors’ White Paper). The construction of the IS is considered one of the five fundamental priorities of the Union to create a “common information area” based on ICTs and telematic infrastructure. E-government was the key element of significant community programmes (i.e., IDA [Interchange of Data between Administrations] and TEN-TELECOM [from 2002 renamed eTen]). A decisive step toward the development of EU policies for e-government came with the approval, in June 2000, of the Action Plan “eEurope 2002: An Information Society for All.” Guidelines were fixed for greater use of the Internet, and the initiative “Government online: electronic access to public services, [which] aims to ensure that citizens have easy access to essential public data, [...] [and, in order to improve] efficiency in the public sector, will require a re-thinking of internal organisation and of electronic exchanges between institutions” (Council of the European Union & Commission of the European Communities, 2000, p. 22). A few months previously, based on numerous EC documents, the Council of Europe of Lisbon indicated an ambitious objective for the European Union: “to become the most competitive and dynamic economy based on knowledge in the world, capable of achieving sustainable economic growth, creating new and better jobs and more social cohesion.” The so-called “Lisbon strategy” to permit Europe to recover the delay accumulated compared to the U.S., was intended to guide community policies up to 2010. It is in this context, interwoven with different and often conflicting pressures (economic competition and social cohesion, market logics, and the language of rights) that action plans are formulated and policies for e-government implemented in Europe.

Data Protection in the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Union: An Unequal Playing Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-494
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Zell
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Eu

With the negotiation of its Data Protection Regulation, the European Union seeks to reform an outdated set of laws that has failed to address the evolving data protection challenges inherent in new technologies such as social networks, e-commerce, cloud computing, and location-based services. This article addresses the forthcoming Data Protection Regulation as well as the current state of data protection law in the EU, with a particular focus on Germany. The first part of the article examines Germany's robust data protection framework and the EU's existing authority. The article then raises key issues related to data protection in Germany and the EU—namely, discrepancies in data protection standards and enforcement among EU Member States—as illustrated by recent, high profile cases involving household names like Facebook, Apple, Google, and Amazon. Through this analysis, the article attempts to explain how and why companies doing business in Germany, but established in other EU Member States, are subject to less stringent data protection standards than German companies. Lastly, the article synthesizes the issues in debate with regard to the draft Data Protection Regulation and offers perspectives on what the Regulation could and should mean for data protection in the EU.

scholarly journals European Union Entrepreneurship and Innovativeness Support Policy for Businesses

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Main Factor

The development of entrepreneurship as well as research and innovation have direct impact on growth in the level of economic development as well as the prosperity of individual citizens and society in general. The primary goal of policies involving research and technological development is establishing the European Union as a leading knowledge–based economy. Innovativeness is also the main factor in improving the competitiveness of companies. The key to improving the economic situation in Poland is the strengthening of innovative attitudes among entrepreneurs. An efficiently running institutional system guaranteeing effective support instruments for entrepreneurs and the scientific–research sphere as well as guaranteeing the unhindered transfer of knowledge should prove helpful. As the main factor in improving the competitiveness of companies, innovativeness is mainly the result of the development of collaboration between the spheres of science and business as well as the use of patent achievements in companies. The drive behind future growth in the European Union will be sectors based on knowledge and innovation. However, these require a solid industrial network and resources allowing the utilization of new technologies. To a great extent, growth in entrepreneurship and innovativeness as significant factors in the economic development of Europe and Poland is dependent on the elimination of administrative barriers for companies and the introduction of the facilitating of information and communication (ICT) as needed for them to function.

scholarly journals The Importance of Alternative Drive Vehicles in Road Transport in Poland and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Damian Frej ◽  
Paweł Grabski ◽  
Emilia Szumska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Alternative Drive ◽  
European Union Countries

Abstract The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles and vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more and more popular. It should be noted that the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and the pursued environmental policy with the related subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles are an important aspect encouraging the purchase of this type of vehicle. The article presents a comparison of the popularity of vehicles powered by renewable energy sources in Poland and other European Union countries, as well as the characteristics of the most common alternative fuels. Its main objective is to specify the importance of passenger cars with alternative drive sources across the selected EU countries.

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