Geochemical and Palaeo-Climate Significance of the 56 Submember of Majiagou Formation in Northern Shaanxi Ordovician Salt Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Wen Qiang Gong ◽  
Yong Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Shaanxi ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Trace And Major Elements ◽  
Semi Arid

In order to investigate the geochemical and palaeo-climate significance of the 56submember of majiagou formation, mineral assemblage and inorganic geochemistry features of SJ1 well were particular analyzed by X-ray diffraction and SEM characterization. The result of trace and major elements about mudstone interlayer samples showed that the mineral assemblage of clay in this area was mainly illite and chlorite, and these two complement were relatively complementd from each other. Mn, Sr, P, Cu, Rb/Sr, Sr/Cu, Fe/Mn, (Fe+Al)/(Ca+Mg) ,V/(V+Ni) and Cu/Zn had the simialr variation tendencies on the vertical section. Upper and middle cycle could be divided into five and four sub-cycles, respectively. The analysis on clay minerals and chemical elements revealed that the paleoclimate of the 56Submember of Majiagou was formed in semi-arid and arid with deepwater and reducing environment. The palaeo-climate of upper cycle was more arid than the middle, and it had lower frequency on the secondary wet-arid change, which was regarded to be conducive to the formation of potassium.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IGNEOUS INTRUSION ON THE MINERALOGICAL CONTENT OF IRATI FORMATION, PARANÁ BASIN, IN SAPOPEMA (PR), SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
Werlem Holanda ◽  
Anderson Costa dos Santos ◽  
Camila Cardoso Nogueira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Bertolino ◽  
Sérgio Bergamaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Rock ◽  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineralogical Association ◽  
Irati Formation ◽  
Igneous Intrusions ◽  
Rock Association

Igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins are commonly related with mineralogical association changes in host-rock. At Sapopema region (Paraná State, southern Brazil), an extensive diabase sill (associated to Serra Geral Formation) was emplaced in pelitic-carbonate succession during post-Triassic. The sedimentary host-rock association includes mostly shale, siltstone and carbonate of the Permian Irati Formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data revealed that heat transfer was not enough to cause modifications in mineral assemblage of the Taquaral Member (quartz + albite + muscovite + illite + kaolinite + chlorite). However, mineralogical content from Assistência Member presented changes probably caused by the intrusion of diabase sill (talc + pyrophyllite + calcite). Talc and calcite were formed due to the reaction between dolomite and quartz, while pyrophyllite was the product of reaction between kaolinite and quartz. EFEITOS DA INTRUSÃO IGNEA NA COMPOSIÇÃO MINERALÓGICA DA FORMAÇÃO IRATI, BACIA DO PARANÁ, SAPOPEMA (PR), SUL DO BRASIL ResumoAs intrusões ígneas em bacias sedimentares dão origem em geral a alterações mineralógicas da rocha hospedeira. Na região de Sapopema (Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil), uma extensa soleira de diabásio (associada à Formação Serra Geral) pós-Triássica, foi intrudida numa sucessão sedimentar constituída por pelitos e carbonatos. A associação de rochas sedimentares hospedeiras, era principalmente constituída por folhelho, siltito e carbonato da Formação Irati, do Permiano. Dados de difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS) revelaram que a transferência de calor não foi suficiente para causar modificações na composição mineralógica do membro Taquaral (quartzo + albita + moscovita + ilita + caulinita + clorita). No entanto, o conteúdo mineralógico do Membro Assistência apresentou alterações, provavelmente causadas pela intrusão do diabásio (talco + pirofilita + calcita). O talco e a calcita foram formados devido à reação entre dolomita e quartzo, enquanto a pirofilita foi o produto da reação entre a caulinita e o quartzo. Palavras-chave: Bacia Sedimentar. Intrusões Ígneas. Metamorfização de sedimentos. Reações mineralógicas. XRD. SEM / EDS.

scholarly journals Significance of Fracture-Filling Rose-Like Calcite Crystal Clusters in the SE Pyrenees

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
David Cruset ◽  
Jordi Ibáñez-Insa ◽  
Irene Cantarero ◽  
Cédric M. John ◽  
Anna Travé
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Clumped Isotopes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcite Crystal ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Raman Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co2 Release

Fracture-filling rose-like clusters of bladed calcite crystals are found in the northern sector of the Cadí thrust sheet (SE Pyrenees). This unusual calcite crystal morphology has been characterized by using optical and electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr, clumped isotopes, and major and rare earth elements + yttrium (REEs + Y) analysis. Petrographic observations and powder X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that these bladed crystals are mainly made of massive rhombic crystals with the conventional (104) faces, as well as of possibly younger, less abundant, and smaller laminar crystals displaying (108) and/or ( 1 ¯ 08) rhombic faces. Raman analysis of liquid fluid inclusions indicates the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons and occasionally alkanes. Clumped isotopes thermometry reflects that bladed calcite precipitated from meteoric fluids at ~60–65 °C. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios and major elements and REEs content of calcite indicate that these fluids interacted with Eocene marine carbonates. The presence of younger ‘nailhead’ calcite indicates later migration of shallow fresh groundwater. The results reveal that rose-like calcite clusters precipitated, at least in the studied area, due to a CO2 release by boiling of meteoric waters that mixed with benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons. This mixing decreased the boiling temperature at ~60–65 °C. The results also suggest that the high Sr content in calcite, and probably the presence of proteins within hydrocarbons trapped in fluid inclusions, controlled the precipitation of bladed crystals with (104) rhombohedral faces.

Growth Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization of a Hard Boron Coating on a Tool Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sánchez Huerta ◽  
N. López Perrusquia ◽  
I. Hilerio Cruz ◽  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
E.D. García Bustos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Classification

The mechanical characteristics are determined to a FeB/Fe2B coating applied in AISI L6 steel tool and blades make to cut paper. The thermochemical treatment was applied at temperatures of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K with permanence time of 0.5, 2 and 3 h for each temperature. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy for each phase is obtained for this boron coating on an AISI L6 steel. HRC test were made to establish the type of adherence (qualitative) and comparing with the VDI 3198 standard and the results were obtaining optimal classification of HF1-HF2 in condition for 3h of the three temperatures. The result by nanoidentation show hardness of 1000 - 2000 HV as well as the Young's modulus for each present phase of the coating. Through micrographs (SEM) are showing thicknesses up to 79.52 ± 18.82 μm for FeB and 97.80 ± 20.01μm for Fe2B, a morphology sawn ́s type is evidence. Through EDS and x-ray diffraction are used to show the chemical elements formed.

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Prehistoric Pottery

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Weymouth
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Prehistoric Pottery ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractThis is a preliminary report on a quantitative method for grouping prehistoric pottery using x-ray diffraction techniques. Of the various analytical methods that have been applied to the analysis of pottery, x-ray diffraction techniques have been among the least used, and then usually to obtain qualitative information. Most analytic methods measure the relative abundance of chemical elements, but diffraction patterns give information on the crystalline substances in the pottery. In this study, attention is directed to the crystalline components of the temper rather than the clays or their derivatives. The method groups pottery according to the relative concentrations of such minerals as quartz, calcite, and the feldspars. Thus, success depends on reasonable consistency in the use of tempering materials by pottery makers at one time and place. I have examined a number of sherds from different sites in Iowa and Missouri supplied by Dale R. Henning, University of Nebraska. The results so far indicate that it is possible to group prehistoric pottery by a quantitative analysis of the x-ray diffraction pattern of the temper in the pottery.

Mendeleevite-(Nd), (Cs,□)6 (□,Cs)6 (□,K)6 (REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,H2O,F)35, a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atali A. Agakhanov ◽  
Leonid A. Pautov ◽  
Elena Sokolova ◽  
Frank C. Hawthorne ◽  
Vladimir Yu Karpenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cubic Crystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pyrochlore Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
Alkaline Massif ◽  
Measured Density

AbstractMendeleevite-(Nd), (Cs,□)6(□,Cs)6(□,K)6(REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,H2O,F)35 is a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan. Mendeleevite-(Nd) was found in a pectolite aggregate in silexites (quartz-rich rocks) which consist of fine to medium pectolite grains, quartz, aegirine and fluorite, with minor khvorovite, mendeleevite-(Ce), sokolovaite, hyalotekite, orlovite, kirchhoffite, pekovite, neptunite, zeravshanite, senkevichite, nordite-(Nd), alamosite, pyrochlore-group minerals and baratovite. Mendeleevite-(Nd) forms colourless cubic crystals 10–40 μm in size; it has a vitreous lustre and a Mohs hardness of 5–5.5; Dmeas. = 3.20(2) g/cm3, Dcalc. = 3.155 g/cm3. Mendeleevite-(Nd) is optically isotropic, with the refractive index n = 1.582(2). Mendeleevite-(Nd) is cubic, space group Pm3̄, a = 21.9106(4) Å; Z = 2. The six strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d (Å), I (%), (h k l)] are: 11.01, 100, (0 0 2); 15.63, 55, (0 1 1); 3.47, 42, (2 0 6); 3.099, 42, (3 4 5); 2.192, 42, (0 0 10); 1.819, 41, (3 6 10). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave SiO2 42.30, Ce2O3 10.12, La2O3 3.60, Nd2O3 16.19, Pr2O3 2.79, Sm2O3 4.19, Gd2O3 1.69, Eu2O3 0.47, SrO 2.99, CaO 2.20, Cs2O 8.50, K2O 0.85, H2O 3.85, F 1.25, –O = F2 –0.53, sum 100.46 wt.%, with H2O calculated by analogy with mendeleevite-(Ce). The empirical formula based on 210 (O + F) apfu, with F + OH + H2O = 35 pfu, is Cs6(□4.20K1.80)∑6{[(Nd9.57Ce6.13Sm2.39La2.20Pr1.68Gd0.93Eu0.27)∑23.17(Ca3.90Sr2.87)∑6.77]∑29.94□0.06}∑30(Si70.03O175)(OH14.47F6.54)∑21.01 (H2O)14, Z = 2. The simplified and ideal formulae are (Cs,□)6 (□,Cs)6(□,K)6 (REE,Ca)30 (Si70O175)(OH, H2O,F)35 and Cs6(REE23Ca7)(Si70O175)(OH,F)19(H2O)16, respectively. The compatibility index (from measured density) = – 0.039 (excellent). Mendeleevite-(Nd) is a Nd analogue of mendeleevite-(Ce), (Cs,□)6(□,Cs)6(□,K)6(REE,Ca,□)30(Si70O175)(H2O,OH,F,□)35. Both minerals are named after Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907), the great Russian chemist, author of the periodic table of chemical elements, who has had a significant impact on the development of natural sciences and industry, both in Russia and around the world.

scholarly journals Spanish Colonial Period Bricks from Churches in Laguna, Philippines: A Preliminary Chemical Characterisation Using X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Fourier Transform Infrared

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Jan-Michael C. Cayme ◽  
Arturo F. Bermejo III ◽  
Chris Allen Earl T. Francia ◽  
Aniano N. Asor Jr ◽  
Eric T. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
X Ray

Spanish Colonial Period brick samples dating to the 19th century from the Municipalities of Liliw and Pagsanjan in Laguna, Philippines was investigated. These samples were obtained from two church structures, a church bell tower from Liliw and a church convent from Pagsanjan. Combined X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allowed the determination of chemical elements and minerals attributed to clay and sand, such as montmorillonite, quartz, corundum, hematite and calcite. On the basis of these compositions, the possible kilning conditions employed to fire the bricks during manufacture was also proposed. MATLAB™ programme was utilised in this study to interpret the data from XRD and FTIR to rationalise the overlapping peaks in the spectrum. Results show that both brick samples were made of clay material that is non-calcareous with low refractory. The firing was performed in an oxidising atmosphere or an open-air environment at an estimated temperature of between 650°C and 850°C. This preliminary study provides a baseline chemical characterisation data of colonial period bricks in the Philippines which will be useful for future conservation and restoration work not only locally but also within the Southeast Asian region.

scholarly journals Soil Contamination in One of Preschools Influenced by Metal Working Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ričardas Taraškevičius ◽  
Rimantė Zinkutė ◽  
Gediminas Juozas Čyžius ◽  
Mykolas Kaminskas ◽  
Margarita Jankauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Metal Working ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Lithological Composition

The aim of research was to estimate the present impact of drill plant or other pollution sources on soil anomalies of the preschool area and to reveal the depth of penetration of pollutants. Soil samples from 9 cores in the territory of the preschool were taken from 5 depth intervals: 0-0.5 m, 0.5-1.0 m, 1.0-1.5 m, 1.5-2.0 m and 2.0-3.0 m. Total number of samples was 45. Each sample was sieved to less then 2 mm fraction, milled and homogenised with binder before pressing 2 pellets. All pressed pellets were analysed by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence for determination of the contents of harmful chemical elements As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn and major elements Al, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Na, P, S. Si, Ti. Samples where maximum permitted concentrations of Mo, Pb, Sn are exceeded occur not only in the uppermost layers, but also in the deeper layers. The highest median contents of most harmful chemical elements, except V and As, are in the uppermost 0.0-0.5 m layer and decrease with depth until 2.0-3.0 m or 1.5-2.0 m. To eliminate the influence of soil clay content in different samples, normalisation of concentration coefficients by the median of Al, K and Ti concentration coefficients was used. The depth of penetration is largely influenced by lithological composition of soil and is much deeper in sandy soil without layers enriched in clay.

scholarly journals Geochemical characteristics of elements in coal seams 41 and 42 of Heshan Coalfield, South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaojing Zhao ◽  
Yongjie Niu ◽  
Zhizhong Xie ◽  
Kuangming Zhang ◽  
Jinming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Conventional Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Activities ◽  
Scanning Electron

Coal seams 41 and 42 of the Heshan Coalfield belong to superhigh-organic-sulfur coals. In order to study the geochemical characteristics of the coals, 15 coal samples and 6 rock samples were collected from both coal seams and the roof/floor rocks. The samples were investigated by using conventional microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that minerals in the coals are dominated by kaolinite and a mixed layer illite/smectite and illite; small ratios of pyrite, quartz, chlorite, smectite, calcite, and dolomite are also present. Under the microscope, these pyrites occur as framboidal, euhedral, homogeneous, anhedral, nodular, and fine dissemination shapes. In Shicun Mine, the trace elements Li, Y, Zr, Sn, Sm, and Tb are enriched; Zn and Ba are depleted. However, in the Heliluoshan Mine, Mo is significantly enriched; Li, Zr, Cs, and U are enriched; and Co and Ba are depleted. The occurrence of Li and Ga is associated mainly with organic matter and sulfate minerals. U and Mo occur in silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, illite, I/S, and pyrite. A reducing environment is beneficial for the enrichment of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, Cd, and U. The abundances of sulfur in Heshan were controlled mainly by the degree of seawater influence and hydrothermal activities.

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