Constitutive Relations of Masonry under Compression — A State-of-the-Art Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1755-1759
Author(s):  
Xue Yu Xiong ◽  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Wang ◽  
Rong Jun Xue
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Constitutive Relation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State Of Art

An in depth state-of-art review is done on the topic,constitutive relations of masonry under compression. 12 constitutive models of masonry proposed by scholars from home and abroad are presented in the paper. These models can be classified into four types. Merits and drawbacks of each constitutive relation are discussed. Ten typical constitutive relations are selected to make comparisons. Results show that the ascending branch of curves has few differences, major differences occur in the descending branch of curves. Besides, two experimental data are used to analyze the models and results are discussed. Furthermore, some suggestions on this topic in future research are presented.

Uncertainty Analysis of RBMK-Related Experimental Data

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolandas Urbonas ◽  
Algirdas Kaliatka ◽  
Mindaugas Liaukonis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Flow Instabilities ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Type Flow ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Channel Type

An attempt to validate state-of-the-art thermal hydraulic code ATHLET (GRS, Germany) on the basis of E-108 test facility was made. Originally this code was developed and validated for different type reactors than RBMK. Since state-of-art thermal hydraulic codes are widely used for simulation of RBMK reactors, further codes’ implementation and validation is required. The phenomena associated with channel type flow instabilities and CHF were found to be an important step in the frame of the overall effort of state-of-the-art validation and application for RBMK reactors. In the paper one-channel approach analysis is presented. Thus, the oscillatory behaviour of the system was not detected. The results show dependence on the nodalisation used in the heated channels, initial and boundary conditions and code selected models. It is shown that the code is able to predict a sudden heat structure temperature excursion, when critical heat flux is approached. GRS developed uncertainty and sensitivity methodology was employed in the analysis.

scholarly journals Correlation between Coda Wave and Stresses in Uni-Axial Compression Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinquan Zhang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Hui-Bing Xie ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Gang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Constitutive Relation ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Sound Signal ◽  
Coda Wave ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Loading And Unloading

Stresses in structures are usually converted by measured strains based on corresponding constitutive relations of materials. However, it is difficult to determine the constitutive relation of the material accurately, which leads to significant uncertainty of the converted stresses. This paper proposed a method to estimate the stresses in concrete by using the coda wave interference technique and established a model to describe the relation between the deformation of microcracks and the sound velocity. Based on the experiments, the development law of the coda waves with different frequencies of sound signal propagating in concrete was verified and discussed, and the change of the coda wave velocity during the loading and unloading of the specimen was tested. Parameters involved in the established model were regressed according to the experimental data. The analysis results show that the method can be used to test concrete stress and has a desirable accuracy.

scholarly journals State of art in quantum computing (QC) with open source platforms

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-332
Author(s):  
Henry Mauricio Cárdenas-Martínez ◽  
Jhonatan Camilo Laverde-Forero ◽  
Gerardo Castang-Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Quantum Bits ◽  
State Of Art

The idea behind the QC paradigm lies in the information storage capacity in amplitude values that use systems based on Qubits or quantum bits -not in bits-, and in the processing of it when transformations are required to change these amplitudes in a precise and controlled way. Therefore, the description of the states in a computer evolves obeying different algorithms than the known ones: correcting errors and digitizing arbitrarily precise calculations through limited resources. The present documentary research, carried out by the Orion research group in 2018, establishes a state of the art of knowledge in QC oriented to education as a baseline for future research whose development platforms are open source kind. A methodology based on indexes is established to categorize and subcategorize the QC, as are: fundamentals and background, QC history, concept and operation, companies that implement the QC field, applications, platforms that are managed in QC, architecture, and finally the programming languages. Source databases such as IEEE-Xplore, EBSCO, and websites, were used to illustrate the fundamental concepts and developments that companies have specified in applications using this new paradigm.

ENTIRE-REGION CONSTITUTIVE RELATION FOR TRELOAR'S DATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Han ◽  
X. F. Peng ◽  
L. X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Constitutive Relation ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Energy Functions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hyperelastic Materials ◽  
Present Procedure ◽  
Modeling Theory

ABSTRACT Hyperelastic materials can experience a large deformation process. A constitutive relation suitable for an entire region from small, moderate, to large deformations is of great importance for practical applications such as fracture problems. Treloar's data are first investigated, and the tension curve is divided into three regimes: small-to-moderate regime, strain-hardening regime, and limiting-chain regime. Next, the modeling theory of hyperelastic materials is introduced, and the tensile behaviors of basic energy functions are analyzed for different deformation regimes. Finally, a successive procedure is suggested to establish an entire-region constitutive relation and then applied to Treloar's data. The present constitutive relation can maintain the initial shear modulus while the experimental data are satisfactorily predicted. The present procedure is simple and feasible and hence applicable to other hyperelastic materials when their entire-region constitutive relations are studied based on experimental data.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Analysis of the Isochronous Mass Measurements of Uranium Fission Fragments at the ESR

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
R. S. Sidhu ◽  
R. J. Chen ◽  
Yu. A Litvinov ◽  
Y. H. Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Fission Fragments ◽  
Uranium Fission

The re-analysis of experimental data on mass measurements of ura- nium fission products obtained at the ESR in 2002 is discussed. State-of-the-art data analysis procedures developed for such measurements are employed.

scholarly journals Constitutive Models for the Tensile Behaviour of TRM Materials: Literature Review and Experimental Verification

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Maria Concetta Oddo ◽  
Giovanni Minafò ◽  
Lidia La Mendola
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Tensile Response ◽  
Textile Reinforced Mortar ◽  
Inorganic Matrix

In recent years, the scientific community has focused its interest on innovative inorganic matrix composite materials, namely TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar). This class of materials satisfies the need of retrofitting existing masonry buildings, by keeping the compatibility with the substrate. Different recent studies were addressed to improve the knowledge on their mechanical behaviour and some theoretical models were proposed for predicting the tensile response of TRM strips. However, this task is complex due to the heterogeneity of the constituent materials and the stress transfer mechanism developed between matrix and fabric through the interface in the cracked stage. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the existing constitutive models for the tensile behavior of TRM composites. Literature experimental results of tensile tests on TRM coupons are presented and compared with the most relevant analytical models proposed until now. Finally, a new experimental study is presented and its results are used to further verify the reliability of the literature expressions.

scholarly journals Polyconvex hyperelastic modeling of rubberlike materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprian Suchocki ◽  
Stanisław Jemioło
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Data Approximation ◽  
Exponential Power ◽  
Hyperelastic Models

AbstractIn this work a number of selected, isotropic, invariant-based hyperelastic models are analyzed. The considered constitutive relations of hyperelasticity include the model by Gent (G) and its extension, the so-called generalized Gent model (GG), the exponential-power law model (Exp-PL) and the power law model (PL). The material parameters of the models under study have been identified for eight different experimental data sets. As it has been demonstrated, the much celebrated Gent’s model does not always allow to obtain an acceptable quality of the experimental data approximation. Furthermore, it is observed that the best curve fitting quality is usually achieved when the experimentally derived conditions that were proposed by Rivlin and Saunders are fulfilled. However, it is shown that the conditions by Rivlin and Saunders are in a contradiction with the mathematical requirements of stored energy polyconvexity. A polyconvex stored energy function is assumed in order to ensure the existence of solutions to a properly defined boundary value problem and to avoid non-physical material response. It is found that in the case of the analyzed hyperelastic models the application of polyconvexity conditions leads to only a slight decrease in the curve fitting quality. When the energy polyconvexity is assumed, the best experimental data approximation is usually obtained for the PL model. Among the non-polyconvex hyperelastic models, the best curve fitting results are most frequently achieved for the GG model. However, it is shown that both the G and the GG models are problematic due to the presence of the locking effect.

Towards Interconnected Blockchains

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Ankur Lohachab ◽  
Saurabh Garg ◽  
Byeong Kang ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Amin ◽  
Junmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Game Changer

Unprecedented attention towards blockchain technology is serving as a game-changer in fostering the development of blockchain-enabled distinctive frameworks. However, fragmentation unleashed by its underlying concepts hinders different stakeholders from effectively utilizing blockchain-supported services, resulting in the obstruction of its wide-scale adoption. To explore synergies among the isolated frameworks requires comprehensively studying inter-blockchain communication approaches. These approaches broadly come under the umbrella of Blockchain Interoperability (BI) notion, as it can facilitate a novel paradigm of an integrated blockchain ecosystem that connects state-of-the-art disparate blockchains. Currently, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively review BI, which works as a stumbling block in its development. Therefore, this article aims to articulate potential of BI by reviewing it from diverse perspectives. Beginning with a glance of blockchain architecture fundamentals, this article discusses its associated platforms, taxonomy, and consensus mechanisms. Subsequently, it argues about BI’s requirement by exemplifying its potential opportunities and application areas. Concerning BI, an architecture seems to be a missing link. Hence, this article introduces a layered architecture for the effective development of protocols and methods for interoperable blockchains. Furthermore, this article proposes an in-depth BI research taxonomy and provides an insight into the state-of-the-art projects. Finally, it determines possible open challenges and future research in the domain.

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