Optimization of COD Removal from an Aqueous Lignin Solution Using Photo-Fenton Reaction over Fe-Ce-Zn Catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Sutasinee Neramittagapong ◽  
Arthit Neramittagapong ◽  
Siwaporn Choorueang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Statistical Experiment ◽  
Pulp Processing ◽  
Co Precipitation

This work is an investigation of the effectiveness of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from synthesized lignin wastewater using photo-Fenton reaction over Fe-Ce-Zn catalysts. The synthesized lignin wastewater had the same COD concentration as the pulp processing wastewater. The treatment was done using photo-Fenton reaction with the metal catalysts (Fe-Ce-Zn). They were prepared by co-precipitation. The catalysts efficacies in reducing COD were tested. It was found that the addition of zinc influenced its reaction due to the increasing of semiconductor property to the light. Moreover, the high surface area of Fe-Ce-Zn catalyst enhanced the COD removal due to the synergy of the high adsorption capacity. Therefore, the Fe-Ce-Zn catalyst was studied to obtain the optimal condition for COD reduction. The conditions and parameters investigated were: pH, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the concentration of catalyst. The optimal condition was obtained using the Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and the response surface methodology (RSM). It has been found that the pH and the concentration of catalyst had the significant effects on the reduction of COD. The concentration of H2O2 has no effect on the COD removal. The maximum COD removal (60%) was achieved at the pH of 5.2, 4 g/L of catalyst loading, and 366 mg/L of H2O2.

scholarly journals Structural differences between Sb- and Nb-doped tin oxides and consequences for electrical conductivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 2655-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Oakton ◽  
Jérémy Tillier ◽  
Georges Siddiqi ◽  
Zlatko Mickovic ◽  
Olha Sereda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Tin Oxides ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Co Precipitation

High surface area Nb and Sb-doped tin oxides are prepared by co-precipitation. The differences in conductivity are rationalised using HT-XRD, SSNMR and Nb K-edge XANES characterisation.

Intrinsic kinetics for fixed bed bioreactor in hospital wastewater treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Farrokhi ◽  
Mostafa Mahdavianpour ◽  
Mehdi Shirzad-Siboni ◽  
Mohammad Naimi-Joubani ◽  
Hamzeh Ali Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Fixed Media ◽  
Fixed Bed Bioreactor

Variation in hospital wastewater (HWW) pollutants and differences with municipal wastewater (MWW), make the use of biokinetic coefficients obtained from activated sludge in the MWW treatment unprofitable for designing, modeling and evaluation of biological processes for HWW treatment. Since this study was conducted to evaluate the performance and biokinetic coefficients of a fixed bed bioreactor (FBBR) using rice husks as fixed media in HWW treatment, a new modified method was also proposed for biokinetic estimation in FBBR processes. For these purposes, five hydraulic retention times along with five sludge retention times were introduced to a pilot setup and the required data were attained. The performance process for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was significant (87.8–97.5%) in different conditions. The values of biokinetic coefficients k, Ks, Y and Kd were obtained as 2.42 (day−1), 55.5 (mgCOD/L), 0.2929 (mgBiomass/mgCOD) and 0.0164 (day−1), respectively. The rice husks with high surface area and high affinity for biomass accumulation on its surface are promising media for a green and environmentally friendly FBBR process. The kinetics parameters values are utilizable for modeling of FBBR using rice husks as fixed media in HWW treatment.

Oxygen Storage Capacity of CexZr1-xO2 (0.4≤x≤0.8) Solid Solution Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shanmuga Priya ◽  
Chandramohan Somayaji ◽  
S. Kanagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Good Number ◽  
High Oxygen Storage Capacity

The property of high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of Ceria is an important component in three-way catalysts (TWC), which depends on the low reduction temperature, high surface area and stable crystalline structure. These are required to be improved using mixed oxides for the increased OSC of TWC. Though a good number of literature is available in Ceria-Zirconia mixed oxides, optimization of the composition of oxides based on OSC is very much limited. Hence, an attempt was made to optimize the composition of CexZr1-xO2 (0.4 x 0.8) (CZ) based on the OSC using thermogravimetric technique. The CZ solid solution was prepared by co-precipitation (COP) method using Ceria nitrate, and Zirconia oxy-choloride precursors, where the freshly prepared metal hydroxide precipitates were continuously stirred at 45 °C for 60 minutes followed by washing and drying to obtain the nanosized CZ particles. The formation of single nanocrystallite with less than 8 nm size solid solution was identified by XRD, and the same was confirmed by Micro Raman studies. It is observed that the trend of OSC in CZ solid solution was based on the ratio of Ce to Zr in the starting aqueous solution, where the OSC was found to be maximum at 1.5 and the corresponding OSC of the compound was about 0.14 μmol per gram of Ceria.

New ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation for high surface area oxide based nanostructured materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereck N. F. Muche ◽  
Flavio L. Souza ◽  
Ricardo H. R. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Co Precipitation

A non-system specific method for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with high homogeneity, spherical morphology and high surface areas is proposed based on an aqueous precipitation.

scholarly journals Catalysis of Methanol-Air Mixture Using Platinum Nanoparticles for Microscale Combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Applegate ◽  
Howard Pearlman ◽  
Smitesh D. Bakrania
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Platinum Nanoparticles ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
The Stability

High surface area, active catalysts containing dispersed catalytic platinum nanoparticles (dp∼11.6 nm) on a cordierite substrate were fabricated and characterized using TEM, XRD, and SEM. The catalyst activity was evaluated for methanol oxidation. Experimental results were obtained in a miniature-scale continuous flow reactor. Subsequent studies on the effect of catalyst loading and reactor flow parameters are reported. Repeat tests were performed to assess the stability of the catalyst and the extent of deactivation, if any, that occurred due to restructuring and sintering of the particles. SEM characterization studies performed on the postreaction catalysts following repeat tests at reasonably high operating temperatures (∼500°C corresponding to ∼0.3Tmfor bulk platinum) showed evidence of sintering, yet the associated loss of surface area had minimal effect on the overall catalyst activity, as determined from bulk temperature measurements. The potential application of this work for improving catalytic devices including microscale reactors is also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Lanthanum based high surface area perovskite-type oxide and application in CO and propane combustion

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Nagipe Da Silva ◽  
Ana Brígida Soares
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Propane Combustion ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Perovskite Type

The perovskite-type oxides using transition metals present a promising potential as catalysts in total oxidation reaction. The present work investigates the effect of synthesis by oxidant co-precipitation on the catalytic activity of perovskite-type oxides LaBO3 (B= Co, Ni, Mn) in total oxidation of propane and CO. The perovskite-type oxides were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption (BET method), thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (ATG-DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through a method involving the oxidant co-precipitation it’s possible to obtain catalysts with different BET surface areas, of 33-44 m2/g, according the salts of metal used. The characterization results proved that catalysts have a perovskite phase as well as lanthanum oxide, except LaMnO3, that presents a cationic vacancies and generation for known oxygen excess. The results of catalytic test showed that all oxides have a specific catalytic activity for total oxidation of CO and propane even though the temperatures for total conversion change for each transition metal and substance to be oxidized.

scholarly journals The Amine Functionalized Sugarcane Bagasse Biocomposites as Magnetically Adsorbent for Contaminants Removal in Aqueous Solution

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5867
Author(s):  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Meilana Dharma Putra ◽  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Rinna Juwita ◽  
Yenny Meliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Amine Functionalized

The method of solvothermal by one-step operation has been performed to synthesize of magnetic amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biocomposites (SB-MH). The obtained SB-MH contains 62.34% of Fe, 17.8 mmol/g of amine, and a magnetic property of 19.46 emu/g. The biocomposite surface area increased significantly from 1.617 to 25.789 m2/g after amine functionalization. The optimum condition of SB-MH used for Pb(II) ion removal was achieved at pH 5 for 360 min with adsorption capacity of 203.522 mg/g. The pseudo 2nd order was well-fitted to the model of Pb(II) ion adsorption. Meanwhile, other contaminant parameters number of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and dye in wastewater were also remarkably reduced by about 74.4%, 88.0%, and 96.7%, respectively. The reusability of SB-MH with 4th repetitions showed only a slight decrease in performance of 5%. Therefore, the proposed magnetic amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biocomposites lead to a very potential adsorbent implemented in high scale due to high surface area, easy separation, stable materials and capability to adsorb contaminants from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Effects of Formulated Nano-Urea Hydroxyapatite Slow Release Fertilizer Composite on the Physical, Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Cluster Beans)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Shylaja Singam ◽  
Anand Rao Mesineni ◽  
Ch. Shilpa Chakra
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

Urea and phosphorous fertilizers are commonly used in agriculture but, due to their solubility in water and transportation, cause eutrophication. Hence, it is thought worthwhile to investigate for urea hydroxyapatite nanoparticles which have less mobility and could supply required N and P macronutrients to the crops. These high surface area nanoparticles are synthesized through chemical co-precipitation method and it is assumed that due to their biocompatibility, act as rich phosphorous and nitrogen source. These are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The impact of urea hydroxyapatite nanofertilizer on growth and yield of cluster bean plants for the period of four months has been carried out. The experimental results have shown that the usage of these nanofertilizers have enhanced both the plant growth and yield. The application of urea hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for the bio-availability of plants considered to be environment friendly.

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