Mass Transport Mechanism in the Retina of the Human Eye

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Dória Silva ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Pereira Dória ◽  
Cristiana Pereira Dória ◽  
Cristiane Pereira Dória ◽  
Maria do Carmo Tatiana Dória Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Bending Mechanism ◽  
Key Indicators

The metabolic secretions produced by the cells inside the human eye are accumulated simultaneously in all of its parts; subject only to their origin. However, the symptomatology is well characterized by the location of accumulation. Genetic factors are directly related to how the clumps of metabolic secretions occur and the form of accumulation is very specific to the movement of the eyes based on the activities performed by the patient, so any outcome is unpredictable. The outer retinal layers are avascular and are supplied by diffusion from the choriocapillatis. Abnormalities of retinal blood circulation and drainage of metabolic secretions are key indicators to retinal dysfunction and may point to perturbations of systemic circulation. The weakening of the cornea bending mechanism results in the loss of variation of intraocular pressure. Consequently, due to the increase of its work activities, the weakening of the forced convection mechanism of the metabolic secretions produced in the retina initiates the accumulation of these secretions without uniformity in the retina, causing gradual obstruction of its system of mass transport, nutrients and metabolic secretions. This accumulation is readily observed by pressing ones hands for several minutes on closed eyes, subsequently, there is the perception of light in one without a region of uniformity. This work analyzes the anatomic structure and biophysics, depicted in the scientific literature, along with the symptoms of the presbyopia treatment of the first author of this paper, to understand that the accumulation of metabolic secretions causes an agglutination and dehydration process by decanting that triggers the loss of flexibility of the fibrous coat, vascular coat (uveal tissue) and nervous coat (retina) and consequently the gradual obstruction of the system of mass transport in the retina, compromising its nutrition and obstructing the drainage of its metabolic secretion.

Forced Convection Mechanism Failure in the Eye Can Cause Cataract

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Dória Silva ◽  
E. Dória Silva ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Pereira Dória ◽  
Cristiana Pereira Dória ◽  
Cristiane Pereira Dória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Convection ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Senile Cataract ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Biochemical Constituents

Although the exact causes for presbyopia are not known with certainty, there is the general understanding that it is associated with aging. This is one of the major paradigms of science because the analysis of the symptoms observed during the treatment of presbyopia in the first author of this paper indicates that presbyopia is associated with metabolic dehydrated secretions that have accumulated in various parts of the eyes. As a process of accumulation it is not difficult to associate it statistically to aging. The metabolic secretions produced by the cells inside the human eye are accumulated simultaneously in the cornea, trabecular meshwork, in the lens and retina, subject only to its origin, however, the symptomatology is well characterized by the location of accumulation. Genetic factors are directly related to how the clumps of metabolic secretions occur and the accumulation form is very specific according to the movement of the eyes based on the activities performed by the patient, so any outcome is unpredictable. In this paper introduces the hypothesis that senile cataract may be caused by transport mechanism failure by forced convection of aqueous humour and metabolic mass produced by the lens cells. The evidence confirms the comparative interpretation of physiology and biochemical constituents of studies between old and young lenses published in scientific literature. Besides that the accumulation produces a loss of elasticity of the lens, due to excess volume and causes its opacity because the metabolic secretion is translucent. It shows evidence of the formation of floaters.

scholarly journals The Potential Roles of Blood–Brain Barrier and Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Maintaining Brain Manganese Homeostasis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Shannon Morgan McCabe ◽  
Ningning Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Manganese (Mn) is a trace nutrient necessary for life but becomes neurotoxic at high concentrations in the brain. The brain is a “privileged” organ that is separated from systemic blood circulation mainly by two barriers. Endothelial cells within the brain form tight junctions and act as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which physically separates circulating blood from the brain parenchyma. Between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the choroid plexus (CP), which is a tissue that acts as the blood–CSF barrier (BCB). Pharmaceuticals, proteins, and metals in the systemic circulation are unable to reach the brain and spinal cord unless transported through either of the two brain barriers. The BBB and the BCB consist of tightly connected cells that fulfill the critical role of neuroprotection and control the exchange of materials between the brain environment and blood circulation. Many recent publications provide insights into Mn transport in vivo or in cell models. In this review, we will focus on the current research regarding Mn metabolism in the brain and discuss the potential roles of the BBB and BCB in maintaining brain Mn homeostasis.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Genrikh Kazarian
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Institutional Aspects

In the article is identified a set of organizational and institutional aspects that affect the level of socio-economic provision of persons with disabilities, it has been established that work activities are one of the key factors in the socio-economic provision of persons with disabilities. The monitoring of institutional factors of social and economic provision of persons with disabilities has shown that the main reasons for the low level of provision of persons with disabilities are the lack of necessary material incentives, guarantees of social protection, non-compliance of the external environment with the labor needs of persons with disabilities (lack of technical means of rehabilitation and transport, orthoses and dentures, modernized furniture, equipment, household items, means of work, educational, scientific literature and media).

scholarly journals Work-life Balance as a Criterion for Decent Labor Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
T. O. Razumova ◽  
M. A. Serpukhova
Keyword(s):  
Work And Family ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Family Obligations ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Work Functions ◽  
Key Indicators

In modern conditions, the issues of achieving a balance between family obligations and work functions are becoming increasingly relevant. Such a balance between two important spheres of human activity can be achieved only if the main provisions of the concept of decent work are implemented in Russia, and in the conditions of forced mass transition to remote work, it is subject to serious risks. The purpose of the study is to identify the key problematic aspects of combining family functions and work activities of employees in the context of finding a balance between these categories, through the prism of criteria for decent work and achieving sustainable development Goals. To achieve the stated goal of this work, the authors analyzed the key indicators of the concept of decent work in Russia, as well as conducted an author's study of the family-work balance, which allowed us to formulate a portrait of an employed person who successfully combines work and family functions.

Physiological fluid dynamics: a survey?

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lighthill
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Physiological Fluid ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

Section 1 is in the nature of a general survey of fluid flows within the human body : including the lungs (airflow in the airways and the special characteristics of the pulmonary blood circulation), the general systemic circulation of the blood, and the urinary tract. Problems of the microcirculation, including blood flow in the narrower capillaries, gas exchange with the terminal airways (alveoli), and exchange of gas and nutrients with peripheral tissue, are treated in the more specialized second section, which describes in some detail modern views concerning peripheral resistance.

Forced Convection Mechanism Failure in the Eye Can Cause Macular Degeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Dória Silva ◽  
E. Dória Silva ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Pereira Dória ◽  
Cristiana Pereira Dória ◽  
Cristiane Pereira Dória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Clinical Procedures

Although the exact causes for presbyopia are not known with certainty, there is the general understanding that it is associated with aging. This is one of the major paradigms of science because the analysis of the symptoms observed during the treatment of presbyopia in the first author of this paper indicates that presbyopia is associated with metabolic dehydrated secretions that have accumulated in various parts of the eyes. As a process of accumulation it is not difficult to associate it statistically to aging. The metabolic secretions produced by the cells inside the human eye are accumulated simultaneously in the cornea, trabecular meshwork, in the lens and retina, subject only to its origin, however, the symptomatology is well characterized by the location of accumulation. Genetic factors are directly related to how the clumps of metabolic secretions occur and the accumulation form is very specific according to the movement of the eyes based on the activities performed by the patient, so any outcome is unpredictable. This paper introduces the hypothesis that macular degeneration may be caused by transport mechanism failure by forced convection of nutrients and metabolic mass produced by the retina. The hypothesis examined in this paper considers the symptoms observed during treatment of presbyopia the first author, the analysis of some clinical procedures to diagnose the degeneration, the symptoms described in the publications on this subject as well as showing how some genetic factor may anticipate the disease. It is not hard to make a statistical association of macular degeneration with aging in the hypothesis that it is caused by of metabolic accumulation of secretions produced in the retina.

scholarly journals The Variation Trend of the Human Body’s Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 over Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Over Time

In blood circulation (systemic circulation), the order of blood circulation is that arterial blood flows into capillaries only after venous blood refluxes. The human body controls the flow of arterial blood into capillaries by controlling the flow of venous blood. The refluxing power of venous blood changes with the rotation and revolution of the earth, and leads to changes in arterial blood obtained by cells, tissues and organs. If the refluxing power of venous blood of the lungs has a problem, the actual amount of blood obtained by the lungs will be less than the amount of blood distributed to the lungs by the human body (supplying the lungs with nutrients and oxygen they need), and what Pasteur called “the terrain” (There is a paragraph in Seasons of Life: “On his deathbed, Louis Pasteur, the founder of the germ theory of disease, allegedly said, ‘the germ is nothing, the terrain is everything’.”) will form in the lungs. The severity of problems induced by the intensity of venous reflux changes with time, leading to the variation of lung’s susceptibility to viral infections with time.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF TOLBUTAMIDE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms Chetna
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Convenient Route

The Skin is one of the most extensive organs of the human body. This multilayered organ receives approximately one-third of all blood circulating through body. With a thickness of about a millimeter, the skin separates the underlying blood circulation network from the outside environment1. Transdermal delivery of drugs through the skin to the systemic circulation provides a convenient route of administration for a variety of clinical indications. Transdermal delivery systems are currently available containing scopolamine (hyoscine) for motion sickness, clonidine and nitroglycerin for cardiovascular disease, fentanyl for chronic pain, nicotine to aid smoking cessation2. Drug molecules in contact with the skin surface can penetrate by three potential pathways: through the sweat ducts, via the hair follicles and sebaceous glands (collectively called the shunt or appendageal route), or directly across the stratum corneum3.   All transdermal drug delivery systems consist mainly of: Polymer matrix Drug Enhancers and other excipients Other excipient

scholarly journals Laminitis in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
N. PANOUSIS (Ν. ΠΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ) ◽  
H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Herd Management ◽  
Causative Agents

Laminitis is currently considered one of the commonest causes of lameness in dairy cows in Greece. Nutrition, especially rations based on concentrated feedstuffs, herd management and genetic factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The causative agents, formed usually in the digestive tract, reach the heels via systemic circulation, damaging initially the dermis and subsequently the deeper tissues, thus disrupting normal keratin formation. The disease is characterized by a chronic, or even subclinical course and pathognomonic lesions, like ecchymoses and ulcers in the hindlimb hoof soles. Since early diagnosis is usually missed, preventive measures focused mainly on proper nutrition, herd management and breeding strategies constitute the only possible treatment.

A model for the distribution and clearance of inert substances in subcutaneous tissue

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. R716-R720
Author(s):  
M. N. Ozisik ◽  
R. Hillman ◽  
F. Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Subcutaneous Space ◽  
Independent Parameters

The subcutaneous space has received attention in recent years as a route for the continuous administration of drugs and implantation of drug delivery systems. Yet little work has been devoted to an examination of the mass transport (distribution) of drugs in the subcutaneous space and the factors that influence their rate of clearance. A mathematical model is developed to describe the spreading and resorption of substances infused into the subcutaneous space. It simulates radial diffusion and flow in the direction of spreading as well as lateral convection into the systemic circulation. An analytic solution is obtained for the distribution of the substance as a function of time and position in the subcutaneous space. Two independent parameters, v (Peclet no.) and H (generalized Biot no.), are found to control the transport. Examples are presented to illustrate the effects of these parameters on the distribution of substances in the subcutaneous space.

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