Influence of Corrosive Environment on Changes of the ZnAl40Cu3 Upper Alloy Layer

2013 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Structural Examination ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Zn-Al alloys are used mainly because of their tribological properties as a material alternative to bronze, cast iron and aluminum alloys in bearings, and as a structural material. Improved properties of Zn-Al alloys can be obtained by the addition of copper , silicon and using of heat treatment. Tribological properties of alloys of the Zn-Al-Cu alloys, their structure has been well described in the literature. Far less are, however, studies on the effect of corrosive environments on the structure of the surface layer of the alloy. The purpose of this examination was to determine the effect of corrosive environment on the surface layer of the ZnAl22Cu3 alloy. Subject of examination was the unmodified alloy containing 40% Al mass. and 3%. Cu (Zn - remain). The tested alloy was subject of the following operations: soaking at the temperature of 185°C during 10 hours with cooling in water, soaking at the temperature of 380°C during 10 hours with cooling in water and soaking at the temperature of 380°C w during10 hours with subsequent soaking at the temperature of 170°C with cooling in water. Subject of tests structural examination were samples after potentiostatic tests carried out at potential E = 300 mV Ekor in 24 hours in an acid rain, pH = 3.5. In order to determine the microstructure of the examined coatings metallographic examinations were performed using optical and scanning microscope cooperating with EDS X-ray spectrometer. Quantitative analysis of the selected characteristic microareas determined from X-ray spectral analysis EDX.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of the ZnAl22Cu3 Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik ◽  
H. Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Cu Alloys

Zn-Al-Cu type alloys are characterized by a number of advantageous properties which include: good castability, good tribological properties, low energy value needed for forming of the product. As compared to bronze, Al-Zn-Cu alloys are characterized by a lower density. Improved properties of Zn-Al alloys can be obtained by addition of copper and silicon. Advantageous results can also be obtained by heat treatment. There is an extensive literature on the effect of heat treatment upon the structure of Al-Zn-Cu alloys. However, few articles discuss the effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of alloys. The purpose of this examination was to determine the effect of heat treatment on corrosion resistance of ZnAl22Cu3 alloy. The unmodified alloy containing 22% Al mass. and 3%. Cu (Zn - remain) was subjected to the examinations. Tested alloys underwent the following operations: soaking at the temperature of 185°C for 10 hours with cooling in water, soaking at the temperature of 380°C for 10 hours with cooling in water and soaking at the temperature of 380°C for 10 hours with subsequent soaking at the temperature of 170°C with cooling in water. Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic examinations in a solution of acid rain with pH = 3.5 were carried out. Then the tests were followed by examination of the corroded sample surface.The carried out examinations showed a decrease in corrosion resistance after heat treatment at the temperature of 380°C and a slight increase after heat treatment at the temperature of 185°C.

Influence of Casting Conditions and Alloy Additions on the Zn22Al2Cu Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik ◽  
A. Tomaszewska ◽  
H. Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Alloy Structure ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Cu Alloys

Zn-Al-Cu alloys are characterized by a number of beneficial properties that include good castability, good tribological properties and low energy input for forming the product. When compared to bronze, Zn-Al-Cu alloys have a lower density. Properties of Zn-Al-Cu can be improved by the partial or total replacement of copper with silicon and rare earth element additions. In the literature there are few studies on the effect of casting conditions and modifying the chemical composition through the introduction of alloy micro-additives on the alloy structure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of casting conditions and silicon and rare earth element additions on the structure of Zn-22% Al-2%Cu alloy. The subjects examined were the unmodified alloy, the alloy with 1.5% Si and the alloy with 1.5% Si and rare earth elements (mich metal). Samples were cast in sand and graphite molds. The liquidus temperature for each of these examined samples was determined. Structure examinations were carried out in samples taken from the top, center and bottom of the ingot. In order to determine the microstructure of the examined structures metallographic examinations using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) capabilities, an X-ray microscope, was performed. Quantitive analysis on specific, characteristic microzones was performed based on the EDS X-ray spectroanalysis results.

Tribological Properties and Microstructure of Gradient Nanocomposite Coatings on the Basis of Ti-Al-Cr-B-N

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Sergeev ◽  
Victor P. Sergeev ◽  
Marina V. Fedorischeva ◽  
Andrey V. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Tialn Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Distribution Of Elements

The X-ray and mass spectroscopy of secondary ions, the phase composition, the distribution of elements in the depth of coating on the basis Ti-Al-N treated by the (Cr+B) ion beam was studied. It was established that the ion implantation of B and Cr in TiAlN coating leads to changes in the chemical composition of the surface layer and the redistribution of the elements in the surface layer. This fact leads to change of tribological properties and microhardness.

The Influence of the Solutionizing and Ageing on the Structure and Hardness of the ZnAl40Cu3 Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik ◽  
Bartosz Chmiela
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Plastic Working ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alternative Material

Zn-Al alloys are mainly used due to their tribological properties as an alternative material for bronze, cast irons and aluminum in a bearings and as a construction material. Particular interesting is Zn-40Al-3Cu alloy due to its features. Improvement of the alloy’s features can be obtained by silicon addition, plastic working, heat treatment – solutionizing and ageing. In the article have been shown results of the ZnAl22Cu3 alloy examination as - cast and subjected solutionizing and ageing 385 oC/10h + 175 oC/1h and 385 oC/10h + 175 oC/10h. The scope of examination included: structure testing using scanning microscope, X - ray microanalysis, hardness test. There was found significant decrease of hardness of the tested alloy. Structural examinations have shown that initially in the structure were visible precipitates reach in aluminum and copper. Also were visible precipitates reach in zinc. With increasing time of soaking at 175 oC precipitates reach in aluminum and copper disappeared.

The Investigation of Effects of Galvanizing Parameters on Microstructure of Al-Zn-Si Coating

2010 ◽  
Vol 154-155 ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
Jia Shun Lv ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Hong Gang Yang ◽  
Yong Lin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In this article, the effects of galvanizing process parameters, especially cooling rate, on the microstructures of coating was investigated. The microstructures of Al-Zn-Si coating were analyzed by the following methods: surface microstructure, cross-section microstructure, thickness and composition of alloy layer by SEM and its accessories, distribution of each element along depth by glow-discharge emission spectrometer, micro-area elemental distribution image analysis of each element distribution on surface and cross-section by electron probe, crystallization orientation by X-ray diffraction instrument. The results showed that coating was made up of aluminum-rich dendrite, interdendritic zinc-rich phase and alloy layer, that cooling rate affected depth of alloy layer in Al-Zn-Si coating directly, that zinc concentrated in the surface layer of coating and silicon in the alloy layer, while the coating has larger depth it also concentrated in the surface layer, that aluminum-rich dendrite has preferred orientation in the solidification process.

scholarly journals Influence of Laser Colour Marking on the Corrosion Properties of Low Alloyed Ti

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeja Kosec ◽  
Andraž Legat ◽  
Janez Kovač ◽  
Damjan Klobčar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the field of surface treatment, laser colour marking can be used to produce coloured marks on the surfaces of metals. Laser colour markings can be applied to various materials, but on titanium alloys a wide spectra of vivid colours can be achieved. This study presents an analysis of the corrosion properties of laser treated surfaces that were exposed to aggressive environments. Different samples were prepared with laser light of various power intensities and processing speeds. The samples were prepared on low alloyed Ti. Electrochemical, spectroscopic and microstructural analyses were conducted in order to study the properties of the laser treated surfaces. Corrosion testing showed different effects of laser power and production speed on the properties of the laser treated surfaces. It was shown that a high intensity and slow processing rate affect the surfaces by forming oxides that are relatively stable in a corrosive environment of 0.1 M NaCl. Spectroscopic investigations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed the differences in chemical structure of the surface layer formed after laser treatment. Similarly, microstructural investigations showed different effects on the surface and sub-surface layer of the laser treated samples.

MODIFICATION OF THE SURFACE LAYER OF SINTERED DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS THROUGH ALLOYING USING THE GTAW METHOD

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara LISIECKA ◽  
Agata DUDEK
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Effect Of Surface ◽  
Modification Of The Surface ◽  
Nial Powder

The demand for materials obtained using powder metallurgy (PM) is constantly increasing, especially on SDSSs, which are characterized by a two–phase structure consisting of ferrite and austenite. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of surface layer alloying with chromium carbide on the microstructure and tribological properties (e.g., hardness and wear resistance) of SDSSs. The multiphase sinters were prepared from two types of water–atomized steel powders: 316L and 409L. The technique of the APS method was used to deposit Cr3C2–NiAl powder on the SDSS surface. Electric arc (GTAW method) was used for surface alloying. Optical and scanning microscopy, X–ray phase analysis, and examinations of microhardness and coefficient of friction were performed in order to determine the microstructure and basic properties of SDSS after alloying. The surface alloying with Cr3C2 improves tribological properties of SDSSs such as hardness and the coefficient of friction.

Structural Examination of Multilayer CrAlSiN/AlSiN Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Chaliampalias ◽  
Nikolaos Pliatsikas ◽  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
Lilyana Kolaklieva ◽  
Roumen Kakanakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Examination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extra Sequence ◽  
Cathodic Arc

In this research, the possibility of applying multilayer multielement super hard coatings by Cathodic Arc is investigated. More precisely the structure of the coating consisting of quaternary CrAlSiN and ternary AlSiN layers is examined by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron microscopy analytical methods. The as-deposited samples were found to have distinguishable layers. The CrAlSiN layer is characterized by an extra sequence of repeated nanolayers. The AlSiN layer consisted of nanosized grains having a preferential orientation. Finally the surface layer was found to contain a solid solution of CrxAl1-xN, while Si3N4was identified only by XPS most probably due to its amorphous structure.

Imaging of Al-Li-Cu alloys with a Scanning Ion Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K.K. Soni ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.M. Chabala ◽  
R. Levi-Setti ◽  
D.E. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The University ◽  
Secondary Ion

In contrast to the inability of x-ray microanalysis to detect Li, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) generates a very strong Li+ signal. The latter’s potential was recently exploited by Williams et al. in the study of binary Al-Li alloys. The present study of Al-Li-Cu was done using the high resolution scanning ion microprobe (SIM) at the University of Chicago (UC). The UC SIM employs a 40 keV, ∼70 nm diameter Ga+ probe extracted from a liquid Ga source, which is scanned over areas smaller than 160×160 μm2 using a 512×512 raster. During this experiment, the sample was held at 2 × 10-8 torr.In the Al-Li-Cu system, two phases of major importance are T1 and T2, with nominal compositions of Al2LiCu and Al6Li3Cu respectively. In commercial alloys, T1 develops a plate-like structure with a thickness <∼2 nm and is therefore inaccessible to conventional microanalytical techniques. T2 is the equilibrium phase with apparent icosahedral symmetry and its presence is undesirable in industrial alloys.

Utilisation of High-Energy Heat Sources in Magnesium Alloy Surface Layer Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Szafarska ◽  
J. Iwaszko ◽  
K. Kudła ◽  
I. Łegowik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Alloy Surface Layer

The main aim of the study was the evaluation of magnesium alloy surface treatment effectiveness using high-energy heat sources, i.e. a Yb-YAG Disk Laser and the GTAW method. The AZ91 and AM60 commercial magnesium alloys were subject to surface layer modification. Because of the physicochemical properties of the materials studied in case of the GTAW method, it was necessary to provide the welding stand with additional equipment. A novel two-torch set with torches operating in tandem was developed within the experiment. The effectiveness of specimen remelting using a laser and the GTAW method was verified based on macro- and microscopic examinations as well as in X-ray phase analysis and hardness measurements. In addition, the remelting parameters were optimised. The proposed treatment methodology enabled the achieving of the intended result and effective modification of a magnesium alloy surface layer.

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