Spark Plasma Synthesis and Tribological Behaviour of Ti-Ni-TiCN Nanocomposite

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Azeez Lawan Rominiyi ◽  
Mxolisi Brendon Shongwe ◽  
Samson Olaitan Jeje ◽  
Peter Apata Olubambi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Plasma Synthesis ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Cp Ti

The conventional method of producing titanium components introduces defects into the matrix of the materials, thus resulting in poor microstructure, tribological properties and performance of the materials in service. To overcome these challenges, a Ti-Ni-TiCN nanocomposite was developed using the novel spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The morphology and the phases present in the initial powders and the sintered specimen were investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the sintered samples was studied at ambient temperature by ball-on-disc tests, under an applied normal load of 25 N. The presence of unreacted TiCN, in-situ formed TiN and Ti2Ni intermetallic phases were revealed by the SEM/EDS analysis and confirmed by the XRD results. The developed titanium matrix nanocomposite displayed a much lower coefficient of friction and wear resistance than the CP-Ti. The strong interface between the matrix and the reinforcements prevents the reinforcements from pulling out of the matrix. Ti-Ni-TiCN nanocomposite showed the predominance of abrasive wear while mixed wear mode was observed, in the CP-Ti. The developed material has the capacity to replace CP-Ti and perform admirably in a tribo-system.

A study on tribological behaviour and analysis of ZnO reinforced AA6061 matrix composites fabricated by stir casting route

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Sadhasivam RM ◽  
Ramanathan K. ◽  
Bhuvaneswari B.V. ◽  
Raja R.
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zno Particles ◽  
The Matrix

Purpose The most promising replacements for the industrial applications are particle reinforced metal matrix composites because of their good and combined mechanical properties. Currently, the need of matrix materials for industrial applications is widely satisfied by aluminium alloys. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tribological behaviour of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles reinforced AA6061 composites prepared by stir casting route. Design/methodology/approach In this study, AA6061 aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with varying weight percentages (3%, 4.5% and 6%) of ZnO particles, including monolithic AA6061 alloy samples, is cast by the most economical fabrication method, called stir casting. The prepared sample was subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, experimental density measurement by Archimedian principle and theoretical density by rule of mixture and hardness test to investigate mechanical property. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the composites was investigated using pin-on-disc tribometer with various applied loads of 15 and 20 N, with constant sliding velocity and distance. The wear rate, coefficient of friction (COF) and worn surfaces of the composite specimens and their effects were also investigated in this work. Findings XPS results confirm the homogeneous distribution of ZnO microparticles in the Al matrix. The Vickers hardness result reveals that higher ZnO reinforced (6%) sample have 34.4% higher values of HV than the monolithic aluminium sample. The sliding wear tests similarly show that increasing the weight percentage of ZnO particles leads to a reduced wear rate and COF of 30.01% and 26.32% lower than unreinforced alloy for 15 N and 36.35% and 25% for 20 N applied load. From the worn surface morphological studies, it was evidently noticed that ZnO particles dispersed throughout the matrix and it had strong bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix, which significantly reduced the plastic deformation of the surfaces. Originality/value The uniqueness of this work is to use the reinforcement of ZnO particles with AA6061 matrix and preparing by stir casting route and to study and analyse the physical, hardness and tribological behaviour of the composite materials.

Effect of TiCN and AlCrN Coating on Tribological Behaviour of Plasma-nitrided AISI 4140 Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Santosh Vitthal Bhaskar ◽  
Hari Narayan Kudal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Titanium Carbonitride ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Aisi 4140 Steel ◽  
Aisi 4140

In the present article, samples made of AISI 4140 steel, pre-treated with plasma nitriding (PN), and coated with different coatings like Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN), Aluminium Chromium Nitride (AlCrN), using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique, were investigated in terms of their microhardness, surface roughness, and dry sliding wear behaviour. Wear tests were performed with a pin-on-disc machine. Coatings were deposited on plasma nitrided samples. The wear behaviour, and wear mechanisms of TiCN- and AlCrN-coated, PN treated AISI 4140 specimens were investigated using a field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. An SEM was used to study the surface morphology of the worn surfaces. Also, adhesion tests were conducted to investigate the adhesion quality of the coated specimens. The results of the investigation showed improved wear properties. Furthermore, the compound layer formed during nitriding was found to act as an intermediate hard layer, leading to superior sliding wear properties.

Friction and wear characteristics of fibre-reinforced plastic composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vinayagamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

The dominance of fibre-reinforced plastics in industries has enhanced the need for research to develop new composites and assess their properties. Among the various property analyses, tribological characteristics of the composites help to understand the friction and wear behaviour. This article presents a comprehensive survey on the tribological behaviour of polymeric composites, which includes the influence of various working parameters such as the velocity of sliding, sliding distance, pressure applied and temperature on the friction and wear. The article also addresses about the importance of the composite constituents such as fibre composition, fibre geometry and fibre orientation on the tribological behaviour. The major reasons causing the tribological failure like the debonding between the fibre and the matrix, failure of the matrix and the fibre are also extensively addressed. This review would be an insight to the industries and tribology researchers towards achieving optimum design for the components made of polymers.

Optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of recursive friction stir processed aluminium 7075 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012094161
Author(s):  
G Girish ◽  
V Anandakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Sliding Distance

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviour of recursively friction stir processed AA7075 was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus. The microstructure of the processed specimen was probed using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi experimental design by varying three different parameters like load, sliding velocity and sliding distance, and the analysis of variance was performed to identify the influence of the parameters over the wear rate. From the main effect plot, the combination of 9.81 N of load, 2 m/s of sliding velocity and a sliding distance of 2000 m was identified as the optimum levels that minimize the wear rate. The regression model was developed to calculate the wear rate, and the validation test was performed with the optimum parameter combination and compared with the experimental results. Wear tracks were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy to identify the type of wear mechanism.

Tribological behaviour of hypereutectic Al-Si automotive cylinder liner material under dry sliding wear condition in severe wear regime

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012096461
Author(s):  
Ajith Kurian Baby ◽  
M Priyaranjan ◽  
K Deepak Lawrence ◽  
PK Rajendrakumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Severe Wear ◽  
Mild Wear ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Silicon Particles

Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are used as material for the engine block and cylinder liners in automobiles. Wear behaviour of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy system changes significantly with applied normal load in both mild wear and severe wear regime. Significant improvement in wear resistance can be obtained by exposing silicon particles through the chemical etching process. For Al-25% Si alloys, most studies are reported in mild and ultra-mild wear regime. In the present work, the wear of exposed silicon particles with varying load and speed in severe wear regime was investigated under the unidirectional sliding condition and bi-directional sliding condition using a pin-on-disk tribometer (POD) and a linear reciprocating tribometer (LRT), respectively. Rapidly solidified and T6 heat-treated Al-25Si alloy was polished and etched using 5% NaOH solution to expose the silicon particles. Experiments were carried out with normal loads varying from 40 N to 120 N in dry sliding conditions. Sliding speeds of 0.8 m/s and 1.5 m/s were applied for each load in case of a pin on disk tribometer whereas, in an LRT, the sliding velocities were 0.2 m/s and 0.45 m/s respectively for each set of the load. The surface topography was measured by means of a 3-D optical profilometer, and surface morphology was analyzed using SEM images. It was observed that at higher loads, larger Si particles were fractured and pushed into the matrix. Fractured silicon particles, along with smaller particles, were embedded into the matrix, thereby increasing the silicon concentration in the wear region. The comparison of the experimental results of unidirectional and bi-directional sliding that reveal the change in surface morphology of silicon particles, the friction characteristics at the interface, variation of surface 3-D roughness parameters, the wear rate and wear mechanisms of Al-25% Si alloys are analyzed and reported in the study.

Effect of Sliding Velocity on Wear Behaviour of TiAlN Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 1137 ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Jasmaninder Singh Grewal ◽  
Buta Singh Sidhu ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Boiler Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Wear Rates

In the present work TiAlN coatings were deposited by plasma spray process as titanium aluminium based nitride (Ti, Al)N coatings possess excellent tribological behaviour with respect to metal cutting and polymer forming contacts. Three coatings of TiAlN were deposited on AISI-304 grade boiler steel substrate out of which two were thin nanocoatings deposited at different temperatures of 500°C and 200°C and one conventional coating was deposited by plasma spraying. The as sprayed coatings were characterized with relative to coating thickness, microhardness, porosity and microstructure. The optical microscopy (OM), the XRD analysis and field mission scanning electron microscope (FESEM with EDAX attachment) techniques have been used to identify various phases formed after coating deposited on the surface of the substrate. Subsequently the sliding wear behaviour of uncoated, PVD sprayed nanostructured thin TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C and plasma sprayed conventional coated AISI-304 grade boiler steel were investigated according to ASTM standard G99-03 using pin on disk wear test rig. Cumulative wear volume loss and coefficient of friction, μ were calculated for the coated as well as uncoated specimens for 0.5, 1 and 2 m/sec sliding velocities at a constant normal load of 10 N. The worn out samples were analysed with SEM/EDAX. Wear rates in terms of volumetric loss (mm3/g) for uncoated and coated alloys were compared. The nanostructured TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C has shown minimum wear rate as compared to conventional TiAlN coating and uncoated AISI-304 grade boiler steel. Nanostructured TiAlN coatings were found to be successful in retaining surface contact with the substrate after the wear tests.

Bio waste (Pistacia vera nut shell) filled polymer composites for tribological applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110447
Author(s):  
Subhrajit Pradhan ◽  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Samir Kumar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Pistachio Shell

The environmental concerns and quest for a sustainable future have encouraged the utilisation of bio-waste in a productive manner. In the present investigation, characterization studies such EDS, XRD and FTIR of pistacia vera (pistachio) nut shell particulates were carried out to have a knowledge of the morphological properties. Further, an attempt was made to utilise the bio-waste i.e. pistacia vera nut shell as a reinforcing phase in epoxy based polymer composites to assess the tribological behaviour of the fabricated composites. The pistachio shell particulate was incorporated with epoxy resin in different weight fractions (0, 10, 20 and 30%) to develop a new class of composite. The effect of filler content, normal load, sliding velocity and sliding distance on the two body abrasive wear behaviour of pistachio shell particulate reinforced epoxy composites was studied. The obtained results showed significant enhancement of abrasion resistance of the fabricated composites as compared to neat epoxy. Further, it was found that the composites with 20 weight percent of filler provide optimum abrasion resistance to the developed composite. The worn out surfaces of the composites were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope to determine various failure mechanisms leading to deformation of the composite surface.

scholarly journals Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Titanium (Grade 5) Alloy by Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Chauhan ◽  
Kali Dass
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Sliding Wear Behaviour

The dry sliding wear behaviour of titanium (Grade 5) alloy has been investigated in order to highlight the mechanisms responsible for the poor wear resistance under different applied normal load, sliding speed, and sliding distance conditions. Design of experimental technique, that is, response surface methodology (RSM), has been used to accomplish the objective of the experimental study. The experimental plan for three factors at three levels using face-centre central composite design (CCD) has been employed. The results indicated that the specific wear rate increases with an increase in the applied normal load and sliding speed. However, it decreases with an increase in the sliding distance and a decrease in the sliding speed. The worn surfaces of the titanium alloy specimens were analyzed with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The predicted result also shows the close agreement with the experimental results and hence the developed models could be used for prediction of wear behaviour satisfactorily.

scholarly journals Tribological Behaviour of Stellite Matrix Composites for High Temperatures Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 498 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Delbé ◽  
Solisabel Orozco Gomez ◽  
Juan Manuel Carrillo Mancuso ◽  
Jean Yves Paris ◽  
Jean Denape
Keyword(s):  
Normal Load ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Innovative Materials

Extreme working conditions affect material used as friction components in transportation field: they rapidly reach their limits and critical parts require to be regularly replaced. Alternative solutions withstanding higher operating conditions imply to find innovative materials. Stellite matrix composites including various solid lubricants, WS2 and h-BN, able to admitextreme conditions were developed using a Spark Plasma Sintering technique, which makes possible the formation of new microstructures out of reach by conventional means. Sliding tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer in air at 450°C, with a velocity of 0,25 m/s and various normal load ranged from 2.5 to 40 N. Influence of solid lubricant content and sensitivity to test parameters were studied in terms of friction and wear responses of the contacting materials. Friction properties are equivalent to Stellite ones and sometimes lesseffective. A reduction of wear is quantified for many composites, and the best behavior is observed for those that contain WS2. In agreement with the third body approach, interpretations are proposed to describe the interphase dynamics within the contact.

Multi Objective Optimization of Wear Behaviour of In Situ AA8011-ZrB2 Metal Matrix Composites by Using Taguchi-Grey Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 928 ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Muthamizh Selvan ◽  
V. Anandakrishnan ◽  
Muthukannan Duraiselvam ◽  
R. Venkatraman ◽  
S. Sathish
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Composite materials with aluminium alloy 8011 matrix and 0, 4 and 8 weight percentages of ZrB2reinforcements were synthesized by in-situ stir casting process. The presence and homogeneous distribution of the reinforcements were examined with X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopic analysis. To investigate the effect of dry sliding wear parameters such as sliding distance, percentage reinforcement, load, sliding velocity and temperature on wear rate and co-efficient of friction, experiments were conducted using a pin on disc wear tester as per Taguchi’s orthogonal array design and the tribological behaviour of synthesized composites was investigated by statistical techniques. Significance and the influence of the parameters over the response were determined by analysis of variances and grey relational analysis was used to find the optimal combination of parameters to obtain minimum wear rate and co-efficient of friction.

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