Formation of the Printing Elements in the Photopolymer Material Used in Flexography

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Mahovic Poljacek ◽  
Tamara Tomasegovic ◽  
Tomislav Cigula ◽  
Miroslav Gojo ◽  
Diana Milcic
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Polymer Material ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Printing Ink

Starting point of this paper is photopolymer printing plate used for flexographic printing. It is used for transfer of the printing ink onto the printing surface during the reproduction process. Photopolymer printing plate consists of several layers: polyester basis, photo sensitive polymer material and LAMS - Laser Ablation Mask. In the platemaking process the photosensitive material, which will form a printing plate, has to be several time exposed to different radiation in order to obtain a functional printability performance. LAMS layer has a role of masking in the exposure process. Upon pre-exposure, LAMS layer has to be removed by laser ablation only at the surfaces where photopolymer printing plate needs to be exposed. After ablation the exposures to UV lights follows and the plate will be finished with chemical removal of the unexposed parts of the polymer. Functionality of the finished printing plate has to be characterised and monitored in every procedure step because the formed image element on the printing plate has a major influence on the quality of the finished printed product. In this paper observing of the changes in the polymer material which is caused by exposure through LAMS layer will be performed. The aim is to measure the surface openings on the LAMS mask and to measure surface coverage (image elements) on the polymer material formed by exposure through the LAMS. Measuring will be made by image analysis software based on microscopic images of the control fields of differing halftone values. It is assumed that there will be a correlation between the LAMS openings and formed image elements on the printing plates. Preliminary results indicate that certain differences in image elements can be detected and are probably the consequence of the different amount of irradiated surface of the polymer material. Since the polymer material which forms the printing plate should be stable in the graphic reproduction process, results of the paper will explain the influence of UV exposures on polymerisation process and on the functional printability performance of the plates.

scholarly journals Thermal Physics and Glaucoma II: Preliminary Evidences for a Thermophysical Design of a Possible Visible-Light-Photons Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6301
Author(s):  
Giulia Grisolia ◽  
Mariarosa Astori ◽  
Antonio Ponzetto ◽  
Antonio Vercesi ◽  
Umberto Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Thermal Physics ◽  
Starting Point

Recently, a non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach has been developed in order to model the fundamental role of the membrane electric potential in the cell behaviour. A related new viewpoint is introduced, with a design of a photobiomodulation treatment in order to restore part of the visual field. Here, a first step in experimental evidence of the validity of the thermodynamic approach is developed. This result represents the starting point for future experimental improvements for light stimulation in order to improve the quality of life of the patients. The future possible therapy will be in addition to the pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals Influence of Some Flexographic Printing Process Conditions on the Optical Density and Tonal Value Increase of Overprinted Plastic Films

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Żołek-Tryznowska ◽  
Maciej Rombel ◽  
Georgij Petriaszwili ◽  
Sandra Dedijer ◽  
Nemanja Kašiković
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Printing Ink

The print quality of prints performed with flexographic printing technology is influenced by various parameters such as viscosity of the printing inks, printing substrates, plates, anilox rolls, etc. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of ink viscosity, printing plate and printing base on selected properties of print quality, such as optical density of full tone area and the increase of tonal value (TVI). Additionally, the printed dots on 5, 15, 30, 50 and 75% of half tone area were investigated using digital microscopy. The least square fitting method in a matrix form was successfully used in order to confirm the influence of printing process parameters on print quality. The results obtained reveal the significant influence of the printing plate and printing substrate characteristics and the lesser influence of printing ink viscosity for 40–100% coverage area. The values of the optical densities of full tone areas are mainly influenced by the properties of the printing plate and the printing base. Furthermore, the optical density decreases when the value of flow time decreases, which is related to the lower thickness of dried ink film. The TVI on light tones (0 to 20%) is mainly influenced by the ink viscosity.

scholarly journals Teaching the learners with a migrant background – teachers’ perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pamuła-Behrens ◽  
Marta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Dropping Out ◽  
Migrant Education ◽  
Migrant Background ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
School Failures ◽  
Teachers Perspectives

As a result of the growing number of migrants in Poland, schools accept increasing numbers of learners with a migrant background (immigrants and reimmigrants), and they are not always able to successfully help the newcomers in their integration. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake specific support activities. Related shortcomings result in many school failures among many migrants, their dropping out of schools and as a result gaining little if any qualifications. At the same time, the researchers indicated the role of teachers in the education of children with a migrant background. The level of their training and the quality of the support they can offer determines the success or lack thereof of their pupils. In the article the researchers discussed a study (Stage 2 in particular) the purpose of which was to diagnose and analyse the needs of the education community in terms of migrant education and integration. The following question was the starting point: What do schools need to be able to better teach and integrate learners with a migrant background? The study of needs organised as a focus group gathered teachers teaching pupils with a migrant background with various levels of training, and a headmaster of a school attended by migrants. The analysis of the collected material indicated three areas where teachers need particular support: systemic organisation of accepting and educating learners with a migrant background, access to materials, and the ability to participate in additional training courses and acquire new competences.

Colorants in printing applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rathschlag
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Printing Inks ◽  
Letterpress Printing ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Printing Ink

Abstract This review article is a summary of the current knowledge in the field of colorants in printing applications. Printing inks belong as well as paints, coatings, plastics, and cosmetic formulations to the most important application systems for colorants, both for pigments and dyes. Colorants have to meet increasing demands in printing applications due to the considerable number of printing methods and consequently of a large number of specific printing formulations. Crucial factors besides the specific properties of a certain printing ink are the processing method and the required quality of the final printed product. Amongst the most important printing methods are letterpress printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing, and digital printing. Different processing methods are used for coloring of the individual printing inks. The coloring processes need to be coordinated in accordance with the steps of the printing processes leading to the final product.

scholarly journals How students view the role of the textbook nature and society in the adoption of social contents

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-161
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Trbojevic ◽  
Svetlana Spanovic ◽  
Vlasta Hus
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Real ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Nature And Society

The paper presents the results of a study of the opinion of the fourth grade primary school students (N=60) from Sombor, Serbia, about the role of the textbook Nature and Society in the adoption of social contents. The aim of the study is to determine students? opinions about how the textbook assists them in adopting social contents and how this knowledge can be useful in the real life context, which can be a relevant starting point for improving the quality of textbooks. Qualitative methodology was used to analyse the obtained data. Focus group discussions pointed to problems about the presentation of social contents in the textbooks: extensive texts that must be memorised; the lack of explanations in the text; insufficient coherence of the text, which is the reason why the adoption of social contents require assistance in the interpretation of the text. Moreover, there is a problem in the relation between the text and visual displays; the examples given do not sound familiar to students, the text is not related to the real life context, which limits the usability of social knowledge adopted from the textbook. The students? answers refer to key standards of the textbook quality (the quality of the contents, the quality of the didactic design, the quality of the language used in the textbook), and indicate that the textbook that students use does not contribute to the process of learning complex social phenomena.

scholarly journals How the Universities of technology cooperates with SMEs on the example of Polish universities

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Justyna Bętlewska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Challenges

The fundamental aim of the study is to indicate how Polish universities of technology cooperate with enterprises belonging to the small and medium-sized enterprise sector. The study was conducted from the perspective of polytechnic schools. Given the goal indicated in this way, the key activities included obtaining an answer to the question regarding the scope, conditions, and quality of cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises and technical universities. In-depth literature studies in the indicated research problem, own observations as well as conducting empirical research contributed to the formulation of detailed questions, the solution of which determined the answer to the main problem, which is to indicate how Polish technical universities cooperate with small and medium-sized enterprises on the example of Polish technical universities. The conducted research allowed to obtain an answer to the question concerning the motivating and limiting factors, including the cooperation of technical universities with small and medium-sized enterprises. This publication, constituting an empirical cognitive foundation, can be a starting point for further considerations on the increase in the importance and role of cooperation, as well as a better understanding of new challenges in the development of the modern economy. The paper focuses on showing the phenomenon of cooperation, systematizing this phenomenon in the theory of management, and also on presenting the results of own research along with the methods of its implementation. This paper is important to better understand the importance of collaboration between science and business and create new opportunities to develop areas of collaboration.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-943
Author(s):  
CARL C. FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
The Future

The Council on Pediatric Practice has, as Dr. Wineberg states, gone on record as recognizing the increasingly important role of ambulatory care programs in the pediatrics of the future. We do not, however, share his pessimism for steps in this direction are not only rapidly coming but also, in many of our teaching institutions, are already here. Dr. Wineberg seems to imply that the department chairmen are the major influence in delaying the evolutionary process. Rather, it seems to me practitioners and teachers alike must work together to show the pediatricians of the future the importance of this major portion of pediatric practice not only through improving the quality of both the staff and the faculties of these services but through curricular changes designed to demonstrate both the need for and the benefits of experience in this area.

scholarly journals National Metrology Infrastructure—Support for Analytical Laboratory Activity

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mirella Buzoianu
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
End Use ◽  
Metrology Infrastructure ◽  
Manufacturing Science

Reliable, traceable, and comparable measurements provide a rational basis for evaluating the quality of any result and the starting point for laboratory accreditation. Accurate and compatible measurements are, at present, essential for manufacturing, science, and trade. Additionally, a wide range of aspects of the quality of life, from healthcare to sport, is underpinned by reliable measurement results. Starting from the role of a National Institute of Metrology (INM) in securing traceability of all measurements, regardless of their end-use or level of accuracy, some aspects related to the present state-of-art in the field of metrology in Romania are presented.

scholarly journals Technology as enabler of the automation of work? Current societal challenges for a future perspective of work / A tecnologia como facilitadora da automação do trabalho? Desafios sociais atuais para uma visão do futuro do trabalho

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Bettina-Johanna Krings ◽  
António B. Moniz ◽  
Philipp Frey
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
The Impact

Due to the innovative possibilities of digital technologies, the issue of increasing automation is once again on the agenda – and not only in the industry, but also in other branches and sectors of contemporary societies. Although public and scientific discussions about automation seem to raise relevant questions of the “old” debate, such as the replacement of human labor by introducing new technologies, the authors focus here on the new contextual quality of these questions. The debate should rethink the relationship between technology and work with regard to quantitative and qualitative changes in work. In this article, our example will be the introduction of automation in industry, which has been reflected in the widely recognized study by Frey and Osborne in 2013. They estimated the expected impacts of future computerization on US labor market outcomes as very high, specifically regarding the number of jobs at risk. Surprisingly, this study was the starting point of an intensive international debate on the impact of technologies on the future of work and the role of technological change in working environments. Thus, according to the authors, “old” questions remain important, but they should be reinterpreted for “new” societal demands and expectations of future models of work.Keywords: automation, technical unemployment, transformation of work, new models of work***Em virtude das possibilidades de inovação colocadas pelas tecnologias digitais, vem crescendo o debate sobre o aumento da automação – não apenas na indústria, mas também em outros ramos e setores das sociedades contemporâneas. Embora os debates público e científico sobre automação pareçam focar questões relevantes do “antigo” debate, como a substituição do trabalho humano pela introdução de novas tecnologias, os autores concentram-se, aqui, no novo aspecto contextual dessas questões. O debate precisa repensar a relação entre tecnologia e trabalho no que concerne às mudanças quantitativas e qualitativas no trabalho. Neste artigo, nosso exemplo será a introdução da automação na indústria, que se refletiu no estudo amplamente reconhecido de Frey e Osborne, de 2013. Eles estimaram impactos profundos da futura informatização sobre os desfechos do mercado de trabalho dos EUA, particularmente em relação ao número de empregos em risco. Surpreendentemente, este estudo foi o ponto de partida para um intenso debate internacional sobre o impacto das tecnologias no futuro do trabalho e o papel da mudança tecnológica nos ambientes de trabalho. Assim, de acordo com os autores, embora as “velhas” questões permaneçam importantes, elas devem ser reinterpretadas considerando as “novas” demandas sociais e expectativas de modelos futuros de trabalho.Palavras-chave: automação, desemprego técnico, transformação do trabalho, novos modelos de trabalho.

scholarly journals The Relevance of Learning Processes for IT Implementation

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Bondarouk ◽  
Klaas Sikkel
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
It Implementation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual

The starting point of this chapter is the belief that it is neither the quality of the technology, nor that of the individual users, but the interactions amongst people in groups of users concerning a new system that determines the success or failure of IT implementation. Aiming at conceptualisation of the role of group learning in IT implementation, we first develop a theoretical framework based on the experiential learning cycle that includes five processes: collective acting, group reflecting, knowledge disseminating, sharing understanding, and mutual adjustment. Second, we illustrate the roles of learning processes in three case studies. Analysis of the interviews with 98 users of information technologies has revealed a unique function of group learning in the IT implementation. It is shown that group learning emerges immediately after a new IT is introduced to the targeted users; it may take different directions (for or against adoption of the technology); it itself can develop during the IT implementation and either progress or take a turn for the worse. The chapter elaborates on three organisational conditions important for directing the constructive group learning: managerial support issues, structural and nonstructural group characteristics, and technological features that turn group learning in a positive direction.

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