The Use of Correlation and Frequency Analysis for Detection of Deformation in 7050 Aluminum Beams

2015 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
Fei Yi Liao ◽  
Shi Jun Li ◽  
Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Aluminum Beam

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the most widely used ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. Its piezoelectricity is widely used in the applications of structural health monitoring (SHM). Here, we use PZT ceramics as sensors to detect the deformation of structure using guided Lamb waves. In order to well analyze the multi-modes of Lamb waves and achieve detection of deformation in superposed wave peaks, correlation and Fourier transform were used to extract peaks in both time and frequency domain. In this paper, a 7050 aluminum beam and three-point bending test machine were utilized to test the changes of waves when different deformations were introduced. With the adjustment of correlation index, change of time delay and new peaks occurring in time domain demonstrated the change of deformations. In frequency domain, the change of central frequencies and magnitudes also demonstrated the change of deformations. The study shows the potential applications of PZT sensors in detection of deformation.

Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of PZT Nanofibers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyou Xu ◽  
Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Average Grain Size

This paper reports the measurement of the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr52Ti48O3, PZT) nanofibers. Partially aligned PZT nanofibers were fabricated by sol-gel electrospinning process. The diameters of the fiber were tuned from 50 to 150 nm by changing the concentration of the sol-gel in the precursor. The fiber consists of nanocrystal grains with average grain size of 10 nm. The Young’s modulus of individual fiber was obtained by nanoscale three-point bending using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), which was 42.99GPa. Titanium strip was used as the substrate to collect the nanofibers for the three-point bending test to measure the piezoelectric response. The output voltages from the nanofibers under different strain were recorded by Labview, and the highest value of the output voltage was 0.17±0.005V. These results have shown that PZT nanofibers have great potential in nano sensor and actuator applications.

Characterization of Piezoelectric Response of PZT Nanofibers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyou Xu ◽  
Vinod Challa ◽  
Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Average Grain Size

This paper reports the characterization of piezoelectric response of the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr52Ti48O3) PZT nanofibers by three-point bending test using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). PZT nanofibers were fabricated by sol-gel electrospinning process. The diameters of the fiber obtained were from 50 to 150 nm. The fiber consists of nanocrystal grains with average grain size of 10 nm. Titanium strip was used as substrate to collect the nanofibers for the three-point bending test to demonstrate the piezoresponse. The output voltage from the nanofibers under 0.5% strain was 0.17±0.005V, which was recorded by Labview. These results have shown that PZT nanofibers have great potential for nano sensor and actuator applications.

A molecular perovskite solid solution with piezoelectricity stronger than lead zirconate titanate

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6432) ◽  
pp. 1206-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Qiang Liao ◽  
Dewei Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Tang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Peng-Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices

Piezoelectric materials produce electricity when strained, making them ideal for different types of sensing applications. The most effective piezoelectric materials are ceramic solid solutions in which the piezoelectric effect is optimized at what are termed morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs). Ceramics are not ideal for a variety of applications owing to some of their mechanical properties. We synthesized piezoelectric materials from a molecular perovskite (TMFM)x(TMCM)1–xCdCl3 solid solution (TMFM, trimethylfluoromethyl ammonium; TMCM, trimethylchloromethyl ammonium, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1), in which the MPB exists between monoclinic and hexagonal phases. We found a composition for which the piezoelectric coefficient d33 is ~1540 picocoulombs per newton, comparable to high-performance piezoelectric ceramics. The material has potential applications for wearable piezoelectric devices.

scholarly journals Damage Detection Using d15 Piezoelectric Sensors in a Laminate Beam Undergoing Three-Point Bending

Actuators ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Altammar ◽  
Anoop Dhingra ◽  
Nathan Salowitz
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Damage Indices

A major inhibition to the widespread use of laminate structures is the inability of nondestructive testing techniques to effectively evaluate the bondline integrity. This work proposes and analyzes a bondline-integrity health monitoring approach utilizing shear-mode (d15) piezoelectric transducers. The d15 transducers were embedded in the bondlines of symmetric laminate structures to monitor and evaluate the bondline integrity using ultrasonic inspection. The d15 piezoelectric transducers made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) enabled ultrasonic inspection of bonds by actuating and sensing antisymmetric waves in laminate structures. Design considerations, fabrication process, and experimental methods for testing a laminate specimen are presented. Designs included bondline-embedded d15 PZT piezoelectric transducers with surface-mounted transverse (d31) piezoelectric transducers for signal comparison. Defects in the bondline were created by a quasi-static three-point bending test, with results showing the ability of d15 piezoelectric transducers to detect bondline damage. Two damage indices based on Pearson correlation coefficient and normalized signal energy were implemented to evaluate the presence of damage and its severity. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of bondline-embedded d15 piezoelectric transducers to be used as actuators and sensors for ultrasonic health monitoring of bondline integrity. A comparison between surface-mounted d31 PZT and bondline-embedded d15 PZT sensors was also conducted. It was seen that signals sensed by bondline-embedded d15 PZTs showed higher distortion due to bondline defects compared with the sensed signals from the surface-mounted d31 PZT.

scholarly journals SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS IN MEMS CANTILEVER FOR ENERGY HARVESTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Khan J , Shanmugaraja P , Kannan S
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Implantable Sensor

MEMS Energy Harvesting(EH) devices are excepted to grow in the upcoming years, due to the increasing aspects of MEMS EH devices in vast applications. In Recent advancements in energy harvesting (EH) technologies wireless sensor devices play a vital role to extend their lifetime readily available in natural resources. In this paper the design of MEMS Cantilever at low frequency (100Hz) with different piezoelectric materials Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-8), Tellurium Dioxide (TeO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO) is simulated and performance with different materials are compared. The results are analyzed with various parameters such as electric potential voltage, von mises stress, displacement. The paper discusses the suitability of the piezoelectric material for MEMS fully cochlear implantable sensor application.

Antenna-Like Tactile Sensor for Thin-Film Piezoelectric Micro-Robots

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Rudy ◽  
Adam J. Cohen ◽  
Jeffrey S. Pulskamp ◽  
Ronald G. Polcawich ◽  
Kenn R. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Impact Detection ◽  
Low Mass

Terrestrial and other millimeter-scale autonomous micro-robots face significant challenges in surveying their environment, due to small power budgets and payload capacities. One low-power, low-mass form of obstacle detection is tactile sensing of contact with other surfaces. In this-paper, a tactile sensor inspired by insect antennae is described, based on thin-film lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) transduction. Thin-film piezoelectric materials permit actuation and sensing mechanisms to be coupled in very small, compact structures, as well as complement previously developed microrobotic leg mechanisms. Key design parameters for the tactile sensor are introduced and analyzed in terms of sweep frequency and range of motion, and signals from sensor impact are predicted. Experimental results with partially-released prototype actuators show respectable agreement with modeled behavior for dynamic motion, though impact detection is hampered by large feedthrough disturbances. Completed sensors range from 2 to 4 mm in length and are approximately 500 μm in width, with a sweep range of nearly 1 mm demonstrated from a 2 mm long prototype.

Piezoelectric nanoindentation

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Rar ◽  
G.M. Pharr ◽  
W.C. Oliver ◽  
E. Karapetian ◽  
Sergei V. Kalinin
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Load Dependence ◽  
Continuous Stiffness Measurement

Piezoelectric nanoindentation (PNI) has been developed to quantitatively address electromechanical coupling and pressure-induced dynamic phenomena in ferroelectric materials on the nanoscale. In PNI, an oscillating voltage is applied between the back side of the sample and the indenter tip, and the first harmonic of bias-induced surface displacement at the area of indenter contact is detected. PNI is implemented using a standard nanoindentation system equipped with a continuous stiffness measurement system. The piezoresponse of polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and BaTiO3 piezoceramics was studied during a standard nanoindentation experiment. For PZT, the response was found to be load independent, in agreement with theoretical predictions. In polycrystalline barium titanate, a load dependence of the piezoresponse was observed. The potential of piezoelectric nanoindentation for studies of phase transitions and local structure-property relations in piezoelectric materials is discussed.

Electromechanical Behavior in Micromachined Piezoelectric Membranes

2003 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Robinson ◽  
J. C. Raupp ◽  
I. Demir ◽  
C. D. Richards ◽  
R. F. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Nanoscale Systems ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Electromechanical Behavior ◽  
Stressed Layer ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Electrode Coverage

ABSTRACTPiezoelectric materials can convert mechanical and electrical energy, a particularly useful tool in developing micro and nanoscale systems. Characterizing the electromechanical behavior is essential to the design and optimization of the material's and device's performance. This paper examines the influence of boundary (clamping) conditions, relative thickness variations between the active one to two micron thick piezoelectric membrane and underlying passive support structure, and the electrode coverage on the electromechanical behavior. Membranes were fabricated with silicon and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with a ratio of Zr to Ti of 40:60 that provide thickness ratios between 1:2 and 2:1 by depositing the PZT using sequential solution deposition. PZT films contain a tensile stress that accumulates during processing, therefore a compressive stressed layer of tungsten was sputtered on bulk micromachined membranes to produce a near zero net residual stress. A nonlinear finite element numerical simulation technique is utilized for the analysis of the composite thin film. A comparison between the behavioral trends determined by simulation and experimental methods will be discussed.

Non-aqueous electrochemical deposition of lead zirconate titanate films for flexible sensor applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 1750287
Author(s):  
Sherin Joseph ◽  
A. V. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Reji John
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the most important piezoelectric materials widely used for underwater sensors. However, PZTs are hard and non-compliant and hence there is an overwhelming attention devoted toward making it flexible by preparing films on flexible substrates by different routes. In this work, the electrochemical deposition of composition controlled PZT films over flexible stainless steel (SS) foil substrates using non-aqueous electrolyte dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was carried out. Effects of various key parameters involved in electrochemical deposition process such as current density and time of deposition were studied. It was found that a current density of 25 mA/cm2 for 5 min gave a good film. The morphology and topography evaluation of the films was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, which showed a uniform morphology with a surface roughness of 2 nm. The PZT phase formation was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and corroborated with Raman spectroscopic studies. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, hysteresis and I–V characteristics of the film was evaluated.

scholarly journals Acoustic instrumentation of the new generation of MTR: effect of nuclear radiation on modified Bismuth Titanate piezoelectric elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
JY. Ferrandis ◽  
O. Gatsa ◽  
P. Combette ◽  
D. Fourmentel ◽  
C. Destouches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Bismuth Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Jozef Stefan Institute ◽  
Stefan Institute ◽  
New Generation

In this article we present a first part of the results obtained during an irradiation campaign conducted at the Jozef Stefan Institute to observe the behaviour of piezoelectric materials under gamma and neutron flux. Specific instrumentation has been developed and has enabled the monitoring throughout the irradiation of several materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or modified Bismuth Titanate (BiT) in either massive or thick film form. Various parameters such as resonance frequency, electromechanical coupling coefficient, electrical capacitance, dielectric losses were measured as a function of the flow and dose received. The results obtained confirm that the samples work up to doses of 10 18 n°/cm2 and that the behaviour of the samples varies according to their composition and form.

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