Review of Soil Stabilization Techniques: Geopolymerization Method one of the New Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazamaah Nur Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Heah Cheng Yong ◽  
Mohd Remy Rozainy Arif Zainol ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Moderate Load ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
Problematic Soil

This paper studies the effectiveness of soil stabilizer on the problematic soil or soft soil. It is subjected to instability and massive primary and long term consolidation settlements when subjected to even moderate load increases. The purpose of this study is to review the techniques and materials that have been used in the soil stabilization by previous researchers. The performance of the soil stabilizer for stabilization by means of strength has been highlighted in this study. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was carried out on stabilized soil samples and the results that obtained were discussed. The use of these techniques and materials may provide an inexpensive and advantageous construction process. As a conclusion, the strength of soil can be increased by using these materials and techniques in soil stabilization. This paper gives a comprehensive report on stabilization techniques and materials that have been used for soft soil and also discuss the potential of geopolymerization technology to be one of the new soil stabilization techniques.

A Study of Stabilizer for Saline Sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 477 ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Guo Li ◽  
Yin Cheng ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Xiao Ming Shen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Stabilization Effect ◽  
Tianjin Binhai New Area

There is large-area saline sludge which should be stabilized in China. However when cement is used as a stabilizer the strength and stabilization effect on the soil is relatively poor. In this paper, In this paper Portland cement PC is compared to a soft soil stabilizer A developed by the authors for use in stabilizing chloride saline soil from the Tianjin Binhai New Area. The strength of stabilized soil was tested by comparative Analysis, and XRD and SEM tests were used to analyze the hydrate types in stabilized soil. Preliminary tests results suggest that the salts present in hydraulic sludge and stabilizer A were able to react and formed a new hydrate----- Ca4Al2Cl2O6 • 10H2O which cannot be produced by cement alone, and which can greatly increase strength of stabilized soil.

scholarly journals Unconfined Compressive Strength Characteristics of Overboulder Asbuton and Zeolite Stabilized Soft Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Noor Dhani ◽  
Ahmad Gasruddin ◽  
Hartini Hartini ◽  
La Baride
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Natural Pozzolan ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
High Silica

Soft soil was one of the most widely encountered problems in construction, especially for archipelago countries which most of its area was lowland with a high deposit of soft soil. To overcome this problem, soil stabilization was one of the most widely used as a solution. Soil stabilization in general uses chemical substances that are classified as pozzolan material. Pozzolan material uses its capability to strengthen the cohesion of soil grains. Mostly, pozzolan material consists of silica. Overboulder asbuton and zeolite were examples of natural pozzolan material in Indonesia. Both materials have a high silica content. Thus, the author interested to figure out the mechanical behavior of these two substances as a soil stabilizer. This research was a correlating study to the previous paper with the same author which discusses the overboulder asbuton as a soil stabilizer. Overboulder added to the mix is determined as 15%, with varied zeolite percentages applied to examine the differences. The UCT was conducted according to ASTM D-2166 as a parameter. As the standard remolding method, a standard proctor test was conducted to determine the optimum moisture content and the maximum density of each mix. While the UCT specimens were tested at the certain curing time for each composition. The curing time applied was 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. By this curing period, the effective pozzolanic reaction that occurs for each composition could be determined. The result shows that zeolite addition to overboulder asbuton could increase the soil density and increase its compressive strength. It is indicated that overboulder asbuton and zeolite mix could be a proper alternative as a soil stabilizer. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091635 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Influence of Nano Silica on the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
R. Iswarya . ◽  
V. Satheeskumar .
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The soil must be able to withstand the load and transfer it to ground within the range of allowable deformations, for which it must possess good physical and geotechnical properties. The conventional method of stabilization such as removal and replacement of ill – suited soils incur higher cost and is time consuming. A new method of stabilization, designated as chemical stabilization can be adopted. This method initiate chemical reactions such as cation exchange, pozzolanic activity etc., which consequently enhance the geotechnical properties of soil. In this study, the mechanical behavior of soil is improved by addition of nanoparticles i.e., nano silica along with cementitious material, lime. Considering economic issues of nano silica usage and results of this research in soil stabilization projects, in this study 0, 1, 3 and 5 % weight of nano silica is used as well as 0, 2 and 4 % weight of lime is used. The effect of these replacements is studied by Atterberg limits test, compaction test and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. The effect of curing time on samples at 3, 7 and 28 days of age has also been investigated. The optimum percentage replacement of nano silica in lime stabilized soil is determined. The microstructure of the stabilized soil is studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test. Thus the results proved that there is a significant improvement in the plasticity, compaction and strength properties with slight addition of nano silica in clayey soil mixed with lime.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a one-part geopolymer system for soil stabilizer using fly ash and volcanic ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05017 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Anne S. Tigue ◽  
Jonathan R. Dungca ◽  
Hirofumi Hinode ◽  
Winarto Kurniawan ◽  
Michael Angelo B. Promentilla
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Stabilized Soil

A novel approach one-part geopolymer was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing the strength of in-situ soil for possible structural fill application in the construction industry. Geopolymer precursors such as fly ash and volcanic ash were utilized in this study for soil stabilization. The traditional geopolymer synthesis uses soluble alkali activators unlike in the case of ordinary Portland cement where only water is added to start the hydration process. This kind of synthesis is an impediment to geopolymer soil stabilizer commercial viability. Hence, solid alkali activators such as sodium silicate (SS), sodium hydroxide (SH), and sodium aluminate (SA) were explored. The influence of amount of fly ash (15% and 25%), addition of volcanic ash (0% and 12.5%), and ratio of alkali activator SS:SH:SA (50:50:0, 33:33:33, 50:20:30) were investigated. Samples cured for 28 days were tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS). To evaluate the durability, sample yielding highest UCS was subjected to sulfuric acid resistance test for 28 days. Analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were performed to examine the elemental composition, mineralogical properties, and microstructure of the precursors and the geopolymer stabilized soil.

Study on Strength Forming Process of Cement Stabilized Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1707-1710
Author(s):  
Huie Chen ◽  
Huan Yan ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Shearing Strength ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Cement Soil

Series of indoor tests were done to study the strength forming process of soft soil stabilized by cement. Dry cement was used to consolidate soft soil through modeling the field construction situation, and the stabilized soil samples in different curing days were studied by means of direct-shear test, grading analysis test and scanning electronic microscopy. So the parameters of shearing strength, granularmetric compostion and microstructure feature of treated soil in each curing stage were determined. Results shown that, at the early stage, there was a slow increase in the strength of cement-soil, and with the curing days increasing, the mechanical property, component and microstructure feature of samples were improved obviously.

scholarly journals Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Syafiadi Rizki Abdila ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Romisuhani Ahmad ◽  
Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis ◽  
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Furnace Slag

Geopolymers, or also known as alkali-activated binders, have recently emerged as a viable alternative to conventional binders (cement) for soil stabilization. Geopolymers employ alkaline activation of industrial waste to create cementitious products inside treated soils, increasing the clayey soils’ mechanical and physical qualities. This paper aims to review the utilization of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-based geopolymers for soil stabilization by enhancing strength. Previous research only used one type of precursor: fly ash or GGBFS, but the strength value obtained did not meet the ASTM D 4609 (<0.8 Mpa) standard required for soil-stabilizing criteria of road construction applications. This current research focused on the combination of two types of precursors, which are fly ash and GGBFS. The findings of an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test on stabilized soil samples were discussed. Finally, the paper concludes that GGBFS and fly-ash-based geo-polymers for soil stabilization techniques can be successfully used as a binder for soil stabilization. However, additional research is required to meet the requirement of ASTM D 4609 standard in road construction applications, particularly in subgrade layers.

Shear Strength Behaviour of Canlite-Treated Laterite Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus ◽  
Yong Chin Yung ◽  
Ng Teck Wei ◽  
Norliana Abdullah ◽  
Noordiana Mashros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Atterberg Limit ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Effective Stabilizer ◽  
Ucs Test

This research is to determine the geotechnical properties of laterite soil which are modified with liquid soil stabilizers namely Canlite (SS299). The soft soil samples which are from hilly area atFaculty of Electrical and Electronic, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai was used in this research. Physical properties tests that were conducted are Atterberg Limit test, Standard Proctor Compaction test (SPC) while mechanical properties test are Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test. All these tests were conducted in accordance to BS1377:1990. The results showed that SS299 soil stabilizer is able to improve the geotechnical properties of the laterite soil. The unconfined compression strength increased with the curing period, the variation mainly occurring in the first 28 days. Canlite soil stabilizer was therefore finding as an effective stabilizer for lateritic soil.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Flyash based Geopolymer for Soil Stabilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4348-4351
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
Day By Day

Soil stabilization is the process of enhancing the soil properties and making it fit for engineered purposes. The common stabilizing techniques are becoming expensive day by day due to the rise in cost of stabilizing agents which forces to find an alternative economical stabilizing agent. Thus this study aims to improve the properties of the soil by adding the waste materials like flyash and geopolymers as stabilizing agents. The soil compressive strength and water absorption for different alkaline solution to solid ratio were studied by casting stabilized soil blocks. The solid here is represented by the mixture of red soil and flyash. It was evident from the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests that as the alkaline solution to solid ratio increases, the compressive strength also increases. Optimum ratio of 0.2 was selected based on the workability conditions. It was observed that soil blocks show a decrease in 13 per cent strength than the UCS test samples prepared from the same ratio. It is evident to conclude that allowing a tolerance of 1 per cent variation, the strength of the soil blocks will remain in constrain of 12 to 15 per cent of the UCS sample test value.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Soil Stabilization Using Fibres

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract. For pavement constructions such as runway and highway construction, fine-grained soils are not suitable because of their undesirable properties such as grading of particle size, low bearing capacity, and more plasticity, and its ability to swell. To improve these soil properties various soil stabilization methods are needed. The stabilization is done by adding various stabilizing materials with the fine-grained soil. Fibres are one of the materials used in soil stabilization. This experimental study has been carried over to improve the bearing capacity of soft soil (from Sholinganallur, Chennai) by using Natural and Artificial fibres. During this study, the soil samples which has been stabilized with various fibres was prepared i.e., soil with Natural fibres (jute fibre) and soil with artificial fibres. In this experimental study, index properties and engineering properties of soft soil or unreinforced samples and stabilized soil samples with fibres are determined. Samples are subjected to various soil tests which have been used to determine the engineering properties of soil. The soil tests such as the standard proctor compaction test, unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Unconfined Compression (UCC) test had been done to determine the characteristics of the samples. To determine the properties of the reinforced materials, the fibres also have undergone various geosynthetic laboratory tests. The results of the study show that the bearing capacity of Shollinganallur fine-grained soil can be improved subsequently and water absorption by soil has been reduced significantly by using fibres.

scholarly journals Strength Performance and Microstructure of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement-Stabilized Soft Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2295
Author(s):  
Hailong Liu ◽  
Jiuye Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nangai Yi ◽  
Chunyi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Calcium Silicates ◽  
Hydrated Calcium

Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) was used to stabilize a type of marine soft soil in Dalian China. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CSA-stabilized soil was tested and compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC); meanwhile the influence of amounts of gypsum in CSA and cement contents in stabilized soils on the strength of stabilized soils were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were employed to detect generated hydration products, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to analyze microstructures of CSA-stabilized soils. The results showed that UCS of CSA-stabilized soils at 1, 3, and 28 d firstly increased and then decreased with contents of gypsum increasing from 0 to 40 wt.%, and CSA-stabilized soils exhibited the highest UCS when the content of gypsum equaled 25 wt.%. When the mixing amounts of OPC and CSA were the same, CSA-stabilized soils had a significantly higher early strength (1 and 3 d) than OPC. For CSA-stabilized soil with 0 wt.% gypsum, monosulfate (AFm) was detected as a major hydration product. As for CSA-stabilized soil with certain amounts of gypsum, the intensity of ettringite (Aft) was significantly higher than that in the sample hydrating without gypsum, but a tiny peak of AFm also could be detected in the sample with 15 wt.% gypsum at 28 d. Additionally, the intensity of AFt increased with the contents of gypsum increasing from 0 to 25 wt.%. When contents of gypsum increased from 25 to 40 wt.%, the intensity of AFt tended to decrease slightly, and residual gypsum could be detected in the sample with 40 wt.% gypsum at 28 d. In the microstructure of OPC-stabilized soils, hexagonal plate-shaped calcium hydroxide (CH) constituted skeleton structures, and clusters of hydrated calcium silicates (C-S-H) gel adhered to particles of soils. In the microstructure of CSA-stabilized soils, AFt constituted skeleton structures, and the crystalline sizes of ettringite increased with contents of gypsum increasing; meanwhile, clusters of the aluminum hydroxide (AH3) phase could be observed to adhere to particles of soils and strengthen the interaction.

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