Experimental Investigation on Strength and Bearing Capacity Improvement of a High Plasticity Clayey Subgrade Soil Using Lime

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Subhradeep Dhar ◽  
Monowar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Capacity Improvement ◽  
Stabilization Technique

Limited connectivity and poor infrastructure of roads acts as a roadblocks hampering the socio-economic development of one region. In order to overall development of these regions an effort should be given to cultivate well established road network. But due to scarcity of good quality soil PWD engineers are often forced to build roads over the weak soil which directly affects the strength and durability of the road. It is therefore essential to improve the engineering properties of such problematic soil with suitable stabilization technique as and when encountered. Lime stabilization is one such well known chemical stabilization technique extensively used to improve the poor subgrade condition and it is recommended by several codes in INDIA. This paper attempts to study the effect of lime on strength and bearing capacity improvement of soft clayey soil. A series of UCS and CBR tests are conducted with different percentages of lime (i.e. 3, 5, 7 and 9%) and at different curing period to assess the potential of lime in strength improvement. Test results indicate that strength, stiffness and bearing capacity of the soil is considerably improved after lime amendment. Both unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ration (CBR) improved up to 7% of lime beyond that it decreases. The improvement of UCS and CBR is found approx three and five fold as compared to original soil. Underlying mechanisms of this improvement is further scrutinized by microstructural analysis such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). Apparent formation of some new peaks in XRD analysis and change of textural and structural morphology of clayey soils obtained from FESEM confirms the formation of cementitious compounds in the lime stabilized soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Molybdenum Content on the Corrosion and Microstructure of Low-Ni, Co-Free Maraging Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Asiful H. Seikh ◽  
Hossam Halfa ◽  
Mahmoud S. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maraging Steels ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Electroslag Refining

Molybdenum (Mo) is an important alloying element in maraging steels. In this study, we altered the Mo concentration during the production of four cobalt-free maraging steels using an electroslag refining process. The microstructure of the four forged maraging steels was evaluated to examine phase contents by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, we assessed the corrosion resistance of the newly developed alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution and 1 M H2SO4 solution through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Furthermore, we performed SEM and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis after corrosion to assess changes in microstructure and Raman spectroscopy to identify the presence of phases on the electrode surface. The microstructural analysis shows that the formation of retained austenite increases with increasing Mo concentrations. It is found from corrosion study that increasing Mo concentration up to 4.6% increased the corrosion resistance of the steel. However, further increase in Mo concentration reduces the corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals Facile Microemulsion Synthesis of Vanadium-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles to Analyze the Compositional, Optical, and Electronic Properties

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Ali ◽  
Ali Alghamdi ◽  
G. Murtaza ◽  
H.S. Arif ◽  
Wasim Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Wurtzite Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Doped Zno

In this work, microemulsion method has been followed to synthesize vanadium-doped Zn1−xVxO (with x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) nanoparticles. The prepared samples are characterized by several techniques to investigate the structural, morphology, electronic, functional bonding, and optical properties. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis confirms the wurtzite phase of the undoped and V-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Variation in the lattice parameters ensures the incorporation of vanadium in the lattice of ZnO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that by increasing contents of V ions, the average particle size increases gradually. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) at the V L3,2 edge, oxygen K-edge, and Zn L3,2 edge reveals the presence and effect of vanadium contents in the Zn host lattice. Furthermore, the existence of chemical bonding and functional groups are also asserted by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). UV–Visible analysis shows that by increasing V+ contents, a reduction up to 2.92 eV in the energy band gap is observed, which is probably due to an increase in the free electron concentration and change in the lattice parameters.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Acetone Gas-Sensing Responses of Tapered WO3 Nanorods through Sputtering Coating with a Thin SnO2 Coverage Layer

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chang Liang ◽  
Yu Chao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Acetone Vapor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Nanorods

WO3–SnO2 composite nanorods were synthesized by combining hydrothermal growth of tapered tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanorods and sputter deposition of thin SnO2 layers. Crystalline SnO2 coverage layers with thicknesses in the range of 13–34 nm were sputter coated onto WO3 nanorods by controlling the sputtering duration of the SnO2. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results demonstrated that crystalline hexagonal WO3–tetragonal SnO2 composite nanorods were formed. The microstructural analysis revealed that the SnO2 coverage layers were in a polycrystalline feature. The elemental distribution analysis revealed that the SnO2 thin layers homogeneously covered the surfaces of the hexagonally structured WO3 nanorods. The WO3–SnO2 composite nanorods with the thinnest SnO2 coverage layer showed superior gas-sensing response to 100–1000 ppm acetone vapor compared to other composite nanorods investigated in this study. The substantially improved gas-sensing responses to acetone vapor of the hexagonally structured WO3 nanorods coated with the SnO2 coverage layers are discussed in relation to the thickness of SnO2 coverage layers and the core–shell configuration of the WO3–SnO2 composite nanorods.

Evaluation and Utilization of Kuantan Clayey as Material Embankment for Roadway

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 1328-1331
Author(s):  
Achmad Fauzi ◽  
Zuraidah Djauhari ◽  
Usama Juniansyah Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Road ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Optimum Water ◽  
Standard Compaction

In general, clayey soil was used as material embankment for increasing road way level before road structure being constructed. Some types of clay are expansive soil, its have been contributing to pavement failures and subsequently causing increased annual maintenance expenditure of the road. The pavements design/redesign methods are found to be the primary cause of these failures. Thus, it is quite important to propose the Kuantan clay engineering properties chart for design criteria that can improve the embankment performance. Thus, it is quite important to investigate the Kuantan clay properties so that can improve the embankment performance. This paper was evaluated and utilized of the engineering properties of Kuantan Clayey as material embankment for roadway. The research were conducted soil engineering properties, standard compaction, four days soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to ten clayey samples from various sites in Kuantan. The 4 days soaked CBR of clayey samples were prepared at optimum water content. The chemical element was investigated by Integrated Electron Microscope and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and linear regression analysis were used to anlyzing relation among engineering properties variables.

The Fabrication of Refractory Cordierite from Aluminium Buff Mixture

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Nuntaporn Kongkajun ◽  
Parinya Chakartnarodom ◽  
Warunee Borwornkiatkaew
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Batch Composition ◽  
Brazilian Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Properties Of Materials

The aim of this work is to propose the utilization of aluminium buff from aluminium part manufacturer as a raw material for cordierite batch composition. The powder mixtures were compacted by uniaxial pressing. The green compacts were sintered at temperature in the range 1300-1400°C for 2 hours in air. The physical properties were characterized by Archimedes method, Brazilian test and dilatometry. Phase and microstructural analysis were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis showed the major phase was cordierite along with sapphirine as a secondary phase. The fired properties of materials were demonstrated that the optimal properties was achieved from the specimen sintered at 1375 °C.

scholarly journals Influence of Waste Toothbrush Fiber on Strength and Freezing–Thawing Behavior in High Plasticity Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Isik ◽  
R. Kagan Akbulut ◽  
A. Sahin Zaimoglu
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
High Plasticity Clay ◽  
Waste Polypropylene

AbstractThe use of waste materials in civil engineering applications has gained importance nowadays. Consuming limited natural resources and increasing waste disposal costs have led researchers to evaluate waste materials for different geotechnical applications. In this respect, some waste materials are used as reinforcement in soils to improve their engineering properties. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the usability of waste polypropylene fiber as a reinforcement material in high plasticity fine-grained soils. For this purpose, waste toothbrush bristle (WTB) was used as a polypropylene fiber reinforcement material and added to fine-grained soil at ratios of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% by dry total weight. The effect of WTB on freezing–thawing behavior and unconfined compression strength of unreinforced and reinforced clayey soil was evaluated. The results indicated that addition of WTB to high plasticity clay improved its behavior against freezing–thawing. Also, undrained shear strength increases with respect to increment in WTB ratio.

Corrosion Study on X70-Carbon Steel Material Influenced by Soil Engineering Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Kar Sing Lim ◽  
Yahaya Nordin ◽  
Arman Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Soil Corrosion

Soil as a corrosive medium is probably of greater complexity than other environment. This paper studies the influence of soil engineering properties towards metal loss of buried X70 carbon steel coupons. The study focuses on soil engineering properties which are soil moisture content, clay content and plasticity index. A total of 160 pieces of X70 carbon steel coupon were buried in 5 different locations in Peninsular Malaysia for a period of 12 months to study the effect of the abovementioned parameters towards metal loss caused by soil-corrosion. The samples were retrieved periodically for every 3 months to determine its weight loss and consequently the corrosion rate. It was found that the rapid growth of corrosion is relatively correlated with the high moisture content of soil. Yet, corrosion initiated at a slow pace for high plasticity soil and clayey soil. The highest and the lowest corrosion growth rate were calculated at 0.218mm/year and 0.051mm/year respectively. No strong indication can be found to relate the dominant influence of soil engineering properties towards measured corrosion rate of buried steel coupons.

scholarly journals Thermally Treated Clay as a Stabilizing Agent for Expansive Clayey Soil: Some Engineering Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref M. Al-Swaidani ◽  
Ibraheem Hamood ◽  
Ayman Meziab
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermally Treated

AbstractThe objective of this research was to investigate the effect of adding thermally treated clay on some engineering properties of the untreated expansive clayey soil. Three expansive clayey soil samples obtained from three different sites in the south of Syria have been investigated. They were thermally treated up to three different levels (450°C, 650°C and 850°C) for 3 hours. Three replacement levels of thermally treated clay were used, i.e. 0%, 10% and 20%. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) technique has been used to detect the crystalline and glassy phase in the clayey samples before and after the thermal treatment. Pozzolanic activity of the thermally treated clayey soil has been studied using the modified Chapelle test and the mechanical strength test at each of the temperature levels. Atterberg limits, compaction, free swell, swelling pressure and linear shrinkage have particularly been investigated. Test results revealed the positive effect of thermally treated clay when added to the natural soil. Plasticity index (PI) was reduced by about 60% when 20% thermally treated clay was added to the natural soil. In addition, 6% lime was added to further investigate the combined effect of lime and calcined clay on the properties of the clayey expansive soil. All investigated properties were significantly improved when 20% thermally treated soil and 6% lime were added together. For instance, swelling pressure and linear shrinkage values were reduced to less than 15% or even much less when compared with those of the natural soil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were employed as well.

scholarly journals BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTING ON LIME STABILIZED EXPANSIVE CLAYEY SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Amina A. Khalil ◽  
Mohammed N J Alzaidy ◽  
Zeena A. Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Lime Addition

To investigate and understand the effect of lime on the engineering properties of an expansive clayey soil, 4% lime by weight of the dry soil have been added. The stabilized soil specimens were subjected to unconfined compression, swelling potential and pH value tests. Also, a finite element analyses using PLAXIS-2D software were conducted. The studied parameters include the footing size and thickness of lime stabilized soil, and then compared with the natural soil. It was proved that lime content and curing duration had a significant effect on the engineering properties of lime-treated soil. The curing duration had significantly enhanced the strength properties of the lime stabilized soil specimens, where, unconfined compressive strength has significantly improved. Also, the pH value was decreased with increasing curing durations. Moreover, it was found that the swelling potential of the lime-treated soil specimens was reduced by lime addition and increasing of the curing duration. The results of numerical analysis show that the stress-settlement behaviour and ultimate bearing capacity of footing can be considerably enhanced as the thickness of lime-treated increases, and the influence of footing width seems to be insignificant.

scholarly journals Analisis Mineral Tanah Rawan Longsor Menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction Di Desa Sawaru Kabupaten Maros

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Rahmaniah Rahmaniah ◽  
Reskywijaya Reskywijaya ◽  
Ayu Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Harsano Jayadi
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Monoclinic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Trigonal Structure ◽  
Triclinic Structure

The study of soil minerals structure has been conducted in the Sawaru village, Maros regency, South Sulawesi which is locally known to be the landslides-prone area. The aim of this research is basically to determine the mineral characteristics of the soil. The samples were taken randomly in three points with a depth of 75 cm at point 1 and 100 cm for the other. The structure of the samples was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) where the samples were placed in the high temperature and airtight containers. The results of XRD analysis showed that minerals contained at point 1 (75 cm in depth) were illite (69.3%) with a monoclinic structure, albit mineral (25.6%) with a triclinic structure and kaolinite (5.0%) with a triclinic structure. Samples at point II (100 cm depth) contained illite (67.2%), feldspar (23.9%) with monoclinic and merrillit (8.9%) with trigonal structures. Samples at point III (100 cm in depth) contained illite (55.9%), bobtraillite (22.2%) with a trigonal structure and feldspar (21.9%) with a monoclinic structure. The minerals observed at the sampling points are dominated by illite which is clay in nature. Such a mineral has been known to have an ability to initiate high plasticity in soil, leading to the slope instability.

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