Contribution to the Study of the Energy Needs for a Building in the City of Errachidia Influence of Orientation and Local Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Lamya Lairgi ◽  
Abdelmajid Daya ◽  
Rabie Elotmani ◽  
Mohammed Touzani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Surplus Energy ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Materials

Given the share of buildings in energy demand, improving the energy efficiency of buildings in Morocco is an important source of energy savings. In order to finally get surplus energy balance buildings to maintain a stable indoor temperature, this work investigated the influence of orientation and local building materials with and without insulation on energy needs of a building in the city of Errachidia using the ECOTECT ANALYSIS 2011 software dedicated to the Thermal Simulation of Buildings.

scholarly journals TAFILELT KSAR: BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY, AN EXPERIMENT OF ENERGY ENHANCEMENT HOUSING IN ALGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Benkechkache Imane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Environmental

Energy is one of the common determinant factors related to social, environmental and economic problems, which can also contribute to their solution. Among sectors where studies could be done to reduce energy demand, is building. This latter is the largest primary energy consumer and responsible for more than 40% of total CO2 emissions. Therefore, improving energy efficiency in buildings represents an economic and ecological challenge. The built environment quality, with good insulation and high-performance building materials, constitutes the first step towards this aim. Yet, this is not enough to make buildings low energy consumption. But then again, a starting point for which, it is necessary to manage how it should be occupied and exploited. Improving energy efficiency of buildings involves several steps through which, coherent actions, will enable energy savings acting on different human and material parameters. The conceptual approach for improving energy efficiency is identical for residential and tertiary sectors. However, in practice this is different due to divergences related to: technical aspects; used tools; operating and maintenance costs and return time of investment. The purpose of this research is to investigate an example of Energy Enhancement housing in Tafilelt ksar in the M’zab valley in Algeria (an example of ecologic planning with modern habitat perfectly adapted to environment), with the objective of creating adaptable housing according to changing needs of future generations.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Simulation Model to Predict the Cooling Energy Consumption for Residential Housing in Hong Kong

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4850
Author(s):  
Kwok Wai Mui ◽  
Ling Tim Wong ◽  
Manoj Kumar Satheesan ◽  
Anjana Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency

In Hong Kong, buildings consume 90% of the electricity generated and over 60% of the city’s carbon emissions are attributable to generating power for buildings. In 2018, Hong Kong residential sector consumed 41,965 TJ (26%) of total electricity generated, with private housing accounting for 52% and public housing taking in 26%, making them the two major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, air conditioning was the major source consuming 38% of the electricity generated for the residential building segment. Strategizing building energy efficiency measures to reduce the cooling energy consumption of the residential building sector can thus have far-reaching benefits. This study proposes a hybrid simulation strategy that integrates artificial intelligence techniques with a building energy simulation tool (EnergyPlus™) to predict the annual cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in Hong Kong. The proposed method predicts long-term thermal energy demand (annual cooling energy consumption) based on short-term (hourly) simulated data. The hybrid simulation model can analyze the impacts of building materials, construction solutions, and indoor–outdoor temperature variations on the cooling energy consumed in apartments. The results indicate that using low thermal conductivity building materials for windows and external walls can reduce the annual cooling energy consumption by 8.19%, and decreasing the window-to-wall ratio from 80% to 40% can give annual cooling energy savings of up to 18%. Moreover, significant net annual cooling energy savings of 13.65% can be achieved by changing the indoor set-point temperature from 24 °C to 26 °C. The proposed model will serve as a reference for building energy efficiency practitioners to identify key relationships between building physical characteristics and operational strategies to minimize cooling energy demand at a minimal time in comparison to traditional energy estimation methods.

scholarly journals Can We Regulate Our Way to Energy Efficiency? Product Standards as Climate Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah M. Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Regulatory Approach

In this Article, I demonstrate that the regulatory strategy for energy efficiency is working. Although information disclosure, financial incentives, and other softer alternatives to regulation play a vital role in reducing energy demand, these should be viewed as complements to efficiency regulation, rather than replacements. The regulatory approach has led to substantial cost and energy savings in the past, it has enjoyed bipartisan political support, and it targets products and behaviors that are difficult to address through other policy tools. Given the politics of climate change in the United States, which make federal carbon taxes or a cap-and-trade system infeasible, the regulatory option should be expanded, not abandoned.

scholarly journals Energy balance of irrigated maize silage

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás de Aquino Ferreira ◽  
Sílvia Costa Ferreira ◽  
Jackson Antônio Barbosa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Silva Volpato ◽  
Rute Costa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Direct Energy

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the energy balance and energy efficiency of the silage maize crop in the Center for Research, Development and Technology Transfer of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (CDTT-UFLA). The crop was irrigated by center pivot and the stages of maize cultivation and energy inputs were monitored for the 1st and 2nd crops of the 2014/2015 harvest. Results from the energy analysis showed the crop had a total energy input of 45,643.85 MJ ha-1 and 47,303.60 MJ ha-1 for the 1st and 2nd crops and a significant predominance of direct energy type (about 92% of the matrix). Regarding direct energy inputs, the diesel oil was the most representative, contributing with approximately 38% of the total energy demand. Conversely, the irrigation system contribute with 3.92% e 5.97% in the 1st and 2nd crops, representing the largest indirect energy input. Nevertheless, irrigation and crop management allowed the system achieving high levels of productivity, resulting in an energy efficiency of 25.1 and 28.1 for the first and second crops respectively.

scholarly journals The Impact of Local Materials on the Improvement of the Thermal Comfort in Building

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Amadou Oumarou Fati ◽  
Bonkaney Abdou Latif ◽  
Ouedraogo Souleymane ◽  
S. M. Ky. Thierry ◽  
Mamadou Lewamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Materials

The increasing energy demands in the building sector is considered as a main issue and has result both in the energy shortage and also environmental impact such as climate change and global warming. This demand is always increasing due to the high-rise level and also the need of thermal comfort. This paper aims to describe a passive approach to reduce the energy demand for a building through an improvement of the design of the thermal envelope. Within this work, we utilized the thermophysical properties of four building materials: three local materials (compressed earth, lateritic, and raw material) and one modern (Hollow cement) and an energy analysis of the building has been carried out. The numerical optimization of the building design has been performed dynamically by COMSOL Multiphysics software: case study of Ouagadougou and surface is 100m2. Also, the temporal variations in the inside of the room as well as the temperature of the walls and the ceiling with four different materials have been determined. The result shows that, for BLT, the maximum obtained around 22H is 308K, for Adobe it is 309K around 18H30, for BTC it was 309.2K at 20H and finally for cement block it is 310K around 18H. The mean average temperature of the building is low when we use local materials instead of modern one. Then, we conclude that, the use of local materials in the building design is an option for reducing the heat transfer into the room and at the energy consumption.

Evaluation and Assessment of Additive Manufacturing Processes Based on the Least Energy Demand in Application for Sustainable Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Viktor Gerter ◽  
Nikolaus Urban ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Least Energy

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as an independent reference value for evaluating energy efficiency of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Nowadays an essential challenge is represented by a proper evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison serves as a first step towards the goal in order to reveal the actual energy savings potential of additive manufacturing procedures and to take actions on this basis. Therefore, the first step is to define the general concept, which is used for the calculation of the Least Energy Demand. Moreover, the unit operation-specific Least Energy Demand EGM is introduced based on unit operations. In conclusion, the importance of EGM as a reference value for evaluating the energy efficiency of production processes, defined in DIN 8580, is explained. Within the scope of an application of the illustrated concept the Least Energy Demand and the Relative Energy Efficiency (REE) are calculated using the example of a selective laser melting process.

Assessment of energy and environmental performances of a bioclimatic dwelling in Algeria's North

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Belkacem ◽  
L Loukarfi ◽  
M Missoum ◽  
H Naji ◽  
A Khelil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency

Bioclimatic architecture strategies and solar active systems contribute strongly to the reduction of building energy demand and achieving thermal comfort for its occupants over the whole year. This paper deals with the study of the energy performance improvement of a pilot bioclimatic house located in Algiers (Algeria). First, a series of experimental measures are conducted during cold period to show the effect of passive and active solar gains on the improvement of the indoor air temperature of the house. Then, a dynamic model of a solar heating system coupled with a bioclimatic house has been developed using TRNSYS software and validated with experimental data. The validated model has been used to establish the energy balance of the pilot bioclimatic house without solar heating system and to compare them to those of a conventional house. Finally, the improvement of the energy balance of the pilot bioclimatic house has been done by passive and active ways. The passive one includes the increase of south facing windows size and the use of night cooling with the use of shading device in summer. The active one consists of the integration of a solar heating system. Furthermore, an environmental study has been performed. The experimental results show that the energy requirements of a pilot bioclimatic house are very low which is suitable for the use of solar heating system in building. The simulation results show that the application of bioclimatic strategies is a better way to provide thermal comfort in summer and decrease the space heating energy demand of the house with 48.70%. The active solar system will cover 67.74% of the energy demand for heating of the house. These energy savings generate a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. Practical application: This work will enable engineers and designers of modern buildings of buildings in a Mediterranean climate to improve building energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions by a conjunction of different passive heating and cooling techniques such as insulation, thermal mass, window shades, night ventilation, and the solar heating system. The paper provides designers an effective strategy in terms of energy savings and indoor thermal comfort while reducing CO2 emissions.

Calculation of the Least Energy Demand as Energy Benchmark for Applied Production Processes Based on the Unit Operation Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Fabian Baumhoer ◽  
Fabian Ultsch ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Least Energy

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as a comprehensive reference value for evaluating energy efficiency. An objective evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes represents a substantial challenge with regard to the state of the art. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison is essential for revealing the actual energy savings potential of production processes and for establishing actions on its basis. Therefore, the first step is to define the general conditions necessary to transfer the model concepts from the microscopic to the macroscopic level for the calculation of the Least Energy Demand. Then, the transferability is verified by reducing the macroscopic material parameters, which determine the amount of the Least Energy Demand significantly, to their atomic interrelations. Moreover, the unit operation-specific Least Energy Demand EGM is introduced on the basis of the unit operation and can be spent through several forms of energy. In conclusion, the importance of the EGM as a reference value for evaluating the energy efficiency of production processes of the DIN 8580 is explained. The EGM of the evaluated production process is the result of the energetic interrelations of the unit operation (s). These are identified and shown for the considered production process according to the DIN 8580.

scholarly journals RETROFIT MEASURES IN OLD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS TOWARDS ENERGY EFFICIENCY

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge S. Carlos ◽  
Helena Corvacho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption ◽  
Type Of School

A study on thermal retrofit of Portuguese elementary school buildings is presented. The type of school under analysis is one adopted by a large construction campaign that began in the 1940's. This building stock has a very poor thermal performance and their retrofit was evaluated starting with a case study of a school in the central region of Portugal, where some experimental measures were performed and a calculation method was applied for the heating energy consumption estimation. A solution for the thermal retrofit of the school building external envelope was optimized and the effect on heating energy consumption was evaluated, using ECOTECT, resulting in a reduction of 52% of heating energy needs. The national impact of the thermal retrofit of the whole building stock was characterised in terms of energy savings. Finally, the pre‐heating of the ventilation air was also tested as a complementary measure and its effect evaluated. The solution tested may provide up to 1000 kWh/year of extra heat gains by pre‐heating the ventilation air. It must be underlined though that the performance of these systems is dependent on the thermal properties of their components so higher reductions can be achieved with the improvement of these properties. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiami Portugalijos pradines mokyklos šiluminio atnaujinimo tyrimai. Analizuojamos mokyklos tipas yra vienas iš taikytu po 1940 metu prasidejusioje plačioje statybos kampanijoje. Šios pastatu grupes šilumines charakteristikos yra labai prastos. Ju atnaujinimo vertinimas buvo pradetas nuo centrineje Portugalijoje esančios mokyklos, kurioje buvo igyvendintos kai kurios eksperimentines priemones, ir energijos sanaudoms nustatyti pritaikytas skaičiavimo metodas. Pastato išoriniu atitvaru šiluminio atnaujinimo sprendimas buvo optimizuotas ir jo itaka šilumines energijos sanaudoms nustatyta naudojant ECOTECT. Šilumines energijos poreikis sumažejo 52 %. Iš viso pastatu fondo šiluminio atnaujinimo itaka nacionaliniu mastu vertinta sutaupytos energijos kiekiu. Pabaigoje kaip papildoma priemone buvo išbandytas pirminis vedinamo oro pašildymas, nustatytas jo naudingumas. Išbandytasis pirminis vedinamo oro pašildymas gali suteikti iki 1000 kWh/metus papildomo išsiskiriančio šilumos kiekio. Pabrežtina, kad nors šiu sistemu veikimo charakteristikos priklauso nuo ju komponentu šiluminiu savybiu, gerinant šias savybes galima daugiau sumažinti energijos sanaudu.

Wind energy and the historic environment: A business-driven symbiosis approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110148
Author(s):  
George A Xydis ◽  
Katerina Kremastioti ◽  
Maria Panagiotidou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Optimum Energy

The present study discusses alternative ways of achieving optimum energy efficiency for historic buildings in areas where sustainable energy projects are planned. About 25% of Europe’s building stock was constructed before the mid-20th century and despite EU’s strenuous efforts for the protection and conservation of historic buildings and complexes, achieving energy efficiency with the minimum or preferably no intervention remains as a requirement. The settlement of Monemvasia, has been selected as our case study. A model building was chosen, its special characteristics are presented, and four solutions to the energy efficiency upgrade of the building were tested: (a) the application of internal insulation, (b) a heat pump installation, (c) the application of roof insulation, and (d) the replacement of the internal doorframes. The four scenarios were simulated via the TEE-KENAK software and the percentage of the annual energy saved through the application of each one of the mentioned measures was estimated. The results proved that installing a heat pump and internal insulation would maximise energy savings. Coupling the energy demand of the settlement in correlation with a wind energy project in the wider area, and the available curtailment was explored. The results showed that if 300 houses decide on acquiring their electricity consumption from the local wind independent power producer, at a price of EUR 35/MWh, the possible profit from the market could reach EUR100,000 per year. Such a business-driven concept could be extrapolated and evolve into a holistic wind energy and historic environment symbiosis setting.

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